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"Sejak pembentukannya, ASEAN berdiri dengan tingkat institusionalisasi yang berbeda dengan institusi keamanan kawasan lainnya. Tingkat institusional yang informal dan bersifat inklusif serta prinsip ASEAN yang tidak intrusif memunculkan banyak perdebatan di dalam kalangan akademisi. Institusionalisasi di ASEAN menjadi penting karena menyangkut penilaian bagaimana ASEAN berjalan secara efektif terutama sebagai cara untuk mencapai integrasi keamanan kawasan ASEAN. Oleh karenanya, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menganalisis perkembangan literatur mengenai sejauh mana tingkat institusionalisasi ASEAN sebagai institusi keamanan kawasan. Terdapat lebih dari 30 literatur yang dipilih untuk dipetakan dalam meninjau dinamika institusionalisasi institusi keamanan ASEAN. Tulisan ini akan menggunakan metode taksonomi yang mengelompokkan literatur kedalam empat tema besar yakni, (1) kerangka institusionalisasi dan prinsip ASEAN Way sebagai penggerak institusionalisasi keamananASEAN, (2) peran eksternal dalam institusionalisasi institusi keamanan ASEAN, (3) peran isu Demokrasi dan HAM serta ekonomi sebagai penggerak institusionalisasi keamanan ASEAN, dan yang terakhir (4) koordinasi kebijakan pengaturan kerja sama keamanan ASEAN. Selain itu, pemetaan literatur ini berupaya untuk mengungkapkan persebaran konsensus, perdebatan, serta kesenjangan di dalam topik ini. Tinjauan pustaka ini juga berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi arah tren pemikiran penulis dalam persebaran literatur. Tinjauan pustaka ini menunjukkan bahwa dominan tren literatur berpusat pada perbedaan pandang dan sikap skeptis dan optimis akademisi yang didasari atas perspektif realis dengan konstruktivis. Tinjauan pustaka ini menggarisbawahi bahwa penting untuk menganalisis dinamika perkembangan institusionalisasi keamanan ASEAN sebagai rekomendasi penelitian lanjutan dan arah kebijakan serta mekanisme yang tepat untuk menghadapi tantangan keamanan ASEAN di masa yang akan datang.

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Since its formation, ASEAN has stood at a different level of institutionalization from other regional security institutions. The institutional level which is not rigid and inclusive and the principle of non- binding ASEAN raises many considerations among the academics. Institutionalization in ASEAN is important because it is related to how ASEAN works in an effective way as a regional security cooperation. Therefore, this paper is aim to map and analyze the development of literature on to what extent institutionalisation in ASEAN will improve its role as regional security cooperation. There are more than 30 literatures were selected to be mapped in the ASEAN security dynamics transition. This paper will use a taxonomic method that classifies the literature into four major themes, (1) the literature`s worldview on institutional framework and the ASEAN Way as a driver of institutionalization of ASEAN security, (2) The external role in the institutionalization of security cooperation in ASEAN, (3) the role Democracy and Human Rights issues and the economy as the drivers of the institutionalization of ASEAN security, and (4) policy coordination of ASEAN security cooperation arrangements. In addition, literature mapping is taken to reveal the distribution of discussed consensus, debate, and gaps in this topic. This literature review also seeks to discuss the direction of trends that drive authors in the distribution literature. This literature review shows the dominant trend of literature centered on differences in views of skeptics and optimistic and also the attitudes of academics based on a realist and constructivist perspective. This literature review underlines important reasons for analyzing the dynamics of the development of ASEAN security institutionalization as a discussion of further research and appropriate policy directions and safeguards for ASEAN security challenges in the future."

"Tiongkok merupakan negara yang tertutup dan cenderung agresif dalam menjalankan hubungan luar negerinya. Selama tiga dekade terakhir, pertumbuhan kapabilitas Tiongkok secara besar-besaran menimbulkan kecurigaan bagi negara-negara lainnya di kawasan, tidak terkecuali ASEAN. Memasuki akhir tahun 1990an, Tiongkok kemudian mengubah pendekatannya dengan menerapkan konsep keamanan baru dalam menjalin kerjasama dengan ASEAN. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan memahami alasan Tiongkok dengan menerapkan konsep keamanan baru dan berusaha mengetahui keterkaitan konsep keamanan baru Tiongkok dengan kondisi soft power Tiongkok di ASEAN. Untuk memahami kedua hal tersebut, tulisan ini menggunakan konsep reassurance dan soft power sebagai kerangka berpikir. Konsep reassurance yang merupakan cara yang dilakukan negara untuk meyakinkan negara lain terhadap intensi baik yang dimilikinya. Dalam penerapannya, strategi ini ternyata dapat memiliki peran dalam peningkatan soft power suatu negara. Berdasarkan asumsi di atas, akan dianalisis alasan Tiongkok menerapkan konsep keamanan baru sebagai strategi reassurance dan dampaknya terhadap soft power Tiongkok di ASEAN.

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Before the late 1990s, China’s overtly aggressive actions in the South China Sea and its unwillingness to engage the region on a multilateral basis led to mistrust and fear on ASEAN. Moreover, China’s overwhelming development in economy and defense has strengthens the rise of “China threat” perception. Since the late 1990s, however, China’s policy toward ASEAN has shifted from one based on coercive behavior to regional institutions and accommodating approach based on active participation in ASEAN-based fora and a willingness to undertake actions that give the appearance of embracing ASEAN diplomatic norms. China promotes the implementation of its New Security Concept in any cooperation with ASEAN to gain trust and legitimacy. To provide the analysis, this writing takes reassurance and soft power theory as analytical framework. Reassurance is a strategy aim to reassure others about their benign intentions. Apparently, the application of this strategy could bring significant effect on the rise of soft power. By using qualitative method, this writing intent to understand why China implements the New Security Concept and observe its relevance with China’s Soft power in ASEAN."

"This book contains selected peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability (INSTR) Conference held at the University of Minnesota July 22-23, 2010. International scholars, from a variety of disciplines, engineering, economics, geography, planning and transportation, offer varying perspectives on modeling and analysis of the reliability of transportation networks in order to illustrate both vulnerability to day-to-day and unpredictability variability and risk in travel, and demonstrates strategies for addressing those issues. The scope of the chapters includes all aspects of analysis and design to improve network reliability, specifically user perception of unreliability of public transport, public policy and reliability of travel times, the valuation and economics of reliability, network reliability modeling and estimation, travel behavior and vehicle routing under uncertainty, and risk evaluation and management for transportation networks. The book combines new methodologies and state of the art practice to model and address questions of network unreliability."

"This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Combinatorial Optimization, ISCO 2012, held in Athens, Greece, in April 2012. The 37 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 94 regular and 30 short submissions. They present original research on all aspects of combinatorial optimization, ranging from mathematical foundations and theory of algorithms to computational studies and practical applications"