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"Why do some individuals commit violent offenses while others restrict themselves to nonviolent crime? Most people probably assume that criminologists know a great deal about the causes of violent offending. It might surprise them to know that there is little consensus about what distinguishes violent offenders from those who commit less serious crime. Further, most criminological theory and research applies mainly to lesser criminal offenses and most of the work published in developmental psychology applies best to general conduct problems, not necessarily physical aggression. The purpose of this book is to narrowly delineate the causes of violence and physical aggression as they contrast with the causes of other forms of antisocial behavior. In each substantive chapter, we select one potential cause of violence (attachment insecurity, parental rejection, low intelligence, school problems, child abuse, poverty, community disorder, and substance use) and assess the state of published evidence related to its ability to differentially predict violent behavior. To that end, we conducted extensive literature searches to unearth all existing relevant empirical work, published in English, for each topic. While the book is first and foremost a scholarly contribution to the fields of developmental psychology and criminology, the early chapters introducing the problem, discussing the development of violent behavior, and reviewing the sociological views of violence and motivation, will make it suitable for use as a text for an advanced course on violence or as a secondary text in an introductory criminology course."

"Jalan merupakan suatu ruang publik yang semua orang mempunyai hak yang sama untuk menggunakannya, baik pengguna kendaraan, pedestrian pada semua umur dan pedestrian penyandang cacat. Tetapi pada kenyataannya, secara umum keadaan jalan di kota besar di Indonesia tidak memberikan rasa aman kepada pedestrian, baik dalam menyeberang jalan maupun berjalan di trotoar. Tulisan ini memaparkan bagaimana suatu desain jalan raya dapat mengatur segala aktivitas diatasnya sehingga memberikan rasa aman kepada pedestrian, yaitu berkenaan dengan pengontrolan kecepatan kendaraan di titik fasilitas penyeberangan, penataan fisik untuk mengatur aktivitas pedestrian dan penyandang cacat. Pada kesimpulan terdapat banyak faktor yang memengaruhi penataan fisik ini, diantaranya pemilihan penataan fisik untuk salah satu pengguna jalan dapat member hambatan kepada pedestrian yang lain, oleh karena itu harus mempertimbangkan pengguna yang dominan beraktivitas di jalan tersebut. Selain itu, kebudayaan dan kebiasaan manusia yang beraktivitas juga berpengaruh dalam pemutusan penataan fisik jalan.

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Street is a kind of public space where everybody has the same right to do any activities on it, whether it is for the vehicles, any age?s pedestrian or the difables. But in fact, generally the streets condition at Indonesia could not make pedestrians feel safe to do activities on it, such as cross the street and walking on the sidewalk. This paper explain how a street design could give feel safe to pedestrians to do activities on the street, involved to control vehicles speed where pedestrian crossing street, to control pedestrian activities, and physical street design for difables. In conclusion, many factors influence it, such as choice a street design for one pedestrian would create obstacle for others, for that reason, it should considers dominant user who do activities on it. Furthermore, culture and habit of human doing activities on it, also influence the choice of a physical street design."