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"ABSTRACTThe goals of the present study were to evaluate, in vitro, the staining of different composite resins submitted to different common beverages, and to compare the staining effect of each of these solutions. A total of 288 specimens were randomly divided into six groups and immersed for 4 weeks in five staining solutions represented by red wine, orange juice, coke, tea and coffee or in artificial saliva as a control group. When analyzed over a black background, mean E00 values varied from 0.8 for Venus Diamond, Saremco Microhybrid and ELS in saliva and Estelite Posterior in coke to 37.6 for Filtek Supreme in red wine. When analyzed over a white background, mean ΔE00 values varied from 0.5 for Saremco Microhybrid in saliva to 51.1 for Filtek Supreme in red wine. All materials showed significant changes in color after 4 weeks of immersion in staining solutions. Significant differences were found between the tested composite resins and also between the staining solutions."

"The book analyzes in detail the ideological and organizational changes that occurred within the broader Salafi movement after the Arab uprisings. While scholarship had long recognized the divisions within Salafism, this volume looks at the ways in which the extraordinary events of the Arab uprisings have led to a profound rethink of such divisions. Focusing on the developments that have characterized Salafi movements across a number of Arab countries, the contributors to this volume underline changes and continuities in both ideology and political praxis. Popular participation in the uprisings forced Salafism to contend with the rise of peoples power and different movements chose different paths to respond to such challenges. In particular, the volume focuses on what can be termed increased politicization on the part of Salafis across the region as a response to the uprisings. While traditional Salafism shied away from institutional politics and organized forms of social and political participation, the uprisings saw the emergence of parties and movements willing to sacrifice tradition and engage with and through political institutions."

"Prancis merupakan salah satu negara destinasi favorit dengan jumlah wisatawan terbanyak, hal ini menjadikan pariwisata memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan pendapatan negara. Namun, kondisi industri pariwisata Prancis memiliki beberapa tantangan. Misalnya, sejak delapan negara Eropa Timur masuk menjadi anggota Uni Eropa, Prancis kalah dalam bersaing karena harga wisata Eropa Barat lebih mahal dibanding harga yang ditawarkan Eropa Timur. Kemudian pada tahun 2015 angka kedatangan wisatawan semakin menurun karena aksi terorisme akibat terbitan majalah satire, Charlie Hebdo yang dianggap menghina Nabi Muhammad SAW. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kondisi industri pariwisata Prancis yang dirugikan oleh peristiwa terorisme tahun 2015 serta menunjukkan dampak aksi terorisme Prancis tahun 2015 terhadap kondisi industri pariwisata Prancis, dan usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Prancis dalam mengatasinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan konsep turisme dari Fennell (1999). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa peristiwa terorisme tahun 2015 merugikan industri pariwisata Prancis yang di antaranya adalah sektor transportasi, sektor akomodasi, dan agen perjalanan pariwisata, sehingga berpengaruh pada ekonomi pariwisata, serta dampaknya terhadap angka kedatangan wisatawan yang menurun sebanyak 8,1% dari tahun 2015 ke tahun 2016. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, pemerintah Prancis menerapkan fungsi efektif dari badan promosi Atout France, sehingga kondisi industri pariwisata Prancis dapat membaik seperti semula setelah menurun di tahun 2016.

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France is one of the favorite destination countries with the largest number of tourists, makes tourism sector a vital key in increasing state income. However, the condition of the French tourism industry has to face several challenges. For example, since eight Eastern European countries joined the European Union, France tourism is less competitive because the price of Western European tours is higher than the prices offered by Eastern European countries. Then in 2015 the number of tourist arrivals decreased due to acts of terrorism following the publication of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo which insulted the Prophet Muhammad. This article aims to describe the condition of the tourism industry In France adversely affected by the terrorism incident in 2015 and to show the impact of the terrorist attacks in this country in 2015 on the condition of the French tourism industry, and the efforts made by the French government in overcoming this issue. This research was conducted using qualitative method with the concept of tourism from Fennell (1999). This research proves that the terrorism incident in 2015 is detrimental to the French tourism industry, which includes the transportation, accommodation sector as well as tourism travel agents affecting the tourism economy marked by the decrease of the number of tourist arrivaal of 8.1% from 2015 to 2016. To overcome this problem, the French government implemented the effective function of the promotion agency Atout France aiming to restore the tourism industry to its previous conditions after 2016 decline"