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"In 1938, noting that the bulk of the Indian population formed a landless proletaria and despairing of the ability of the factionalized Indian community to unite in pursuit of common objectives, activist K.A. Neelakanda Ayer forecast that the fate of Indians in Malaya would be to becom Tragic orphans of whom India has forgotten and Malaya looks down upon with contempt...."

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi orientasi komunikasi kelompok co-cultural dari stand-up comedian disabilitas dalam industri komedi di Indonesia. Orientasi komunikasi sendiri merupakan sebuah konsep yang mengacu pada pendirian tertentu yang diambil oleh anggota kelompok budaya co-cultural selama interaksi mereka dalam struktur masyarakat yang dominan di dalam teori co-cultural. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma post-positivist denganpendekatan kualitatif dan metode penelitian studi kasus, untuk menghasilkan pemahaman yang jelas tentang bagaimana pengalaman orientasi komunikasi dari stand-up comedian disabilitas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah orientasi komunikasi kelompok co-cultural stand-up comedian disabilitas memiliki pendekatan komunikasi yang cenderung asertif dengan hasil yang diinginkan cenderung berupa akomodasi dan asimilasi. Usia saat mengalami disabilitas secara total dan latar belakang pendidikan yang dimiliki oleh stand-up comedian disabilitas, turut berperan dalam terbentuknya hasil yang diinginkan dalam orientasi komunikasi. Lingkungan industri komedi yang lebih luas di Indonesia masih membuat stand-up comedian disabilitas memilih pendekatan yang bersifat asertif dalam menyampaikan keresahan tentang isu disabilitas. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan gambaran singkat untuk memahami orientasi komunikasi terhadap kelompok co-cultural, dalam hal ini penyandang disabilitas, baik secara teoritis dan juga praktis.

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This thesis explores the communication orientation of co-cultural groups of stand-up comedians with disabilities in the comedy industry in Indonesia. Communication orientation is a concept that refers to a particular stance taken by members of a co-cultural group during their interactions within the dominant societal structure in co-cultural theory. This research uses a post-positivist paradigm with a qualitative approach and case study research methods to produce a clear understanding of the communication orientation experiences of stand-up comedians with disabilities. The results of this research are that the communication orientation of a group of co-cultural stand-up comedians with disabilities has a communication approach that tends to be assertive, with the desired results managing to be accommodation and assimilation. The age when experiencing total disability and the educational background of a disabled stand-up comedian also play a role in the formation of the desired results in communication orientation. Indonesia's wider comedy industry environment still makes stand-up comedians with disabilities choose an assertive approach to conveying concerns about disability issues. This research is expected to provide a brief overview to understand communication orientation towards co-cultural groups, in this case, people with disabilities, both theoretically and practically."

"Considering all that Conrad said about men, his putlook on the human race is very gloomy. No happiness or joy lasts long in his stories, and certainly no happy endings conclude his novels. Even on the successful characters he commented. He didn't allow men to look forward in life hopefully since he harboured a great mistrust against men, his future and religion. Companies got liquidated, banks went bankrupt, ships ran against derelicts or went down, true love paled..."

"It is sometimes thought that a comedy is a play which makes us shake with laughter and that a tragedy is a play at the end of which we will have swollen eyes and lots of wet handkerchiefs. This superficial idea of comedy and tragedy is only partly true, for a comedy is not only meant to excite laughter, nor is a tragedy merely performed to make us cry. Both comedy and tragedy, especially Shakespearian comedy and tragedy are written with a purpose other than that of making us laugh or weep. T he term Shakespearian indicates a play written by William Shakespeare of Stratford-on- Avon, and since drama is in Hamlet's words to hold the mirror up to Nature, to show virtue her own feature... it should help people to see them-selves as they really are. Drama should also reveal to them their virtues and vices.Comedy has been said to be beneficial because it:1.cures us of our follies by exposing them on the stage, 2. affords us a chance to laugh at our neighbours. Heywood, cited by Northrop Frye, defines the dual function of comedy as being to reform and to refresh, by which it is clear that, aside from evoking laughter, comedy also reforms. Comedy imi_tates the joys of social life and the follies of those who stubbornly try to maintain their own ridiculous ways against society. The joy of social life is usually manifested in a wedding or a happy reunion at the end of the play. The ten_dency of comedy is to include as many people as possible in its final society, the blocking characters are more often reconciled or converted than simply repudiated."