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"[ABSTRAKPengelolaan SDA pertambangan mineral dan batubara di Indonesia dinilai sangat memprihatinkan. Muncul berbagai masalah akibat ketidakmampuan Pemerintah dalam mengelola SDA dimaksud. Salah satu akibatnya adalah rendahnya Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) dari bidang SDA pertambangan mineral dan batubara. Penyebab dari rendahnya PNBP tersebut, antara lain ketidakjelasan penghitungan dasar bagian Negara sebagai dampak ketidakjelasan bentuk perikatan/akad yang dilakukan antara Pemerintah dengan pihak perusahaan yang melakukan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi.Penulis melakukan penelitian merumuskan solusi model perikatan sesuai syariah dalam mengelola SDA pertambangan mineral dan batubara di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metodologi Analytic Networking Process (ANP) serta dengan bantuan software Super Decision. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pilihan model perikatan/akad Mudharabah Musyarakah dalam mengelola SDA pertambangan mineral dan batubara dengan alasan pada asas keadilan.

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ABSTRACTNatural resources management of mineral and coal mining in Indonesia is considered very alarming. Arise various problems due to the inability of the government to manage natural resources in question. One result is the low tax state revenue (non-tax) from the field of mineral and coal mining natural resources. The cause of the low non-tax revenues, among others, uncertainty calculation basis as part of the State obscurity impact the model of the contract made between the government and the companies that carry out exploration and exploitation.Authors conducted a study to formulate a solution model of contract that Shariah compliance in managing the natural resources of mineral and coal mining in Indonesia by using the methodology Analytic Networking Process (ANP) as well as with the help of software Super Decision. The results of this research is choice of Musharaka Mudaraba models of contract in managing the natural resources of mineral and coal mining based on the principle of justice., Natural resources management of mineral and coal mining in Indonesia is considered very alarming. Arise various problems due to the inability of the government to manage natural resources in question. One result is the low tax state revenue (non-tax) from the field of mineral and coal mining natural resources. The cause of the low non-tax revenues, among others, uncertainty calculation basis as part of the State obscurity impact the model of the contract made between the government and the companies that carry out exploration and exploitation.Authors conducted a study to formulate a solution model of contract that Shariah compliance in managing the natural resources of mineral and coal mining in Indonesia by using the methodology Analytic Networking Process (ANP) as well as with the help of software Super Decision. The results of this research is choice of Musharaka Mudaraba models of contract in managing the natural resources of mineral and coal mining based on the principle of justice.]"

"Negara Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan potensi kekayaan alam yang berlimpah. Berdasarkan Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, maka ?bumi, air dan segala kekayaan alam yang terkandung dalam wilayah Indonesia dikuasai oleh Negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya untuk kemakmuran rakyat?. Berdasarkan rumusan pasal tersebut, maka segala kekayaan alam yang terkandung di wilayah Indonesia hanya boleh digunakan untuk membawa kesejahteraan bagi rakyat Indonesia. Meskipun potensi kekayaan alam di Indonesia, baik mineral, batubara maupun kekayaan alam lainnya sangat berlimpah, tetapi jumlah angka kemiskinan ternyata justeru semakin bertambah. Ketidaksinkronan ini disebabkan oleh pengelolaan kekayaan alam baik mineral maupun batubara yang tidak sesuai dengan konsep hak penguasaan Negara yang dirumuskan oleh Founding Fathers. Pengalaman Indonesia selama masa Orde Baru menunjukan lemahnya penegakan hukum dalam bidang pertambangan, mekanisme kontrak yang diberlakukan selama masa Orde Baru dijadikan celah bagi pihak yang ingin memproleh keuntungan. Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara diharapkan mampu membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam tujuan pemanfaatan segala kekayaan alam untuk dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat. Mekanisme kontrak yang berlaku selama Orde Baru kemudian berubah menjadi mekanisme perizinan, sehingga peran Negara dalam melaksanakan konsep hak menguasai Negara menjadi semakin nyata. Sistem penguasaan Negara terhadap kekayaan alam yang sebelumnya bersifat desentralistis kemudian kembali menjadi sentralistik, sehingga mengembalikan konsep hak menguasai Negara sesuai dengan maksud Founding Fathers.

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Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources potential.Pursuant to Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Constitution of Indonesia."Earth, water and all natural resources contained within Indonesian territory controlled by the State and used for the greatest prosperity of the people". Based on Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Constitution of Indonesiathen all the natural resources contained in the Indonesian territory may only be used to bring prosperity to the people of Indonesia. Although the potential of natural resources in Indonesia, whether mineral, coal and other natural resources are abundant, but the number turned out to be precisely the poverty rate increased. These discrepancies are caused by the management of natural resources both mineral and coal that is incompatible with the concept of tenure rights of the State that formulated by the Founding Fathers. The experience of Indonesia during the New Order period showed weak law enforcement in the field of mining, contracting mechanisms are put in place during the New Order period used as a loophole for those who want to profit. The enactment of act No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining is expected to bring a significant change in the purpose of the utilization of all natural resources to be used for the greatest prosperity of the people. Contracting mechanisms that apply during the New Order then turned into a licensing mechanism, so that the State's role in implementing the concept of the right to master the State is becoming increasingly apparent. State control of the system to the natural resources that were previously decentralized nature and then back into a centralized, thus restoring the right to master the concept of the State in accordance with the intent of the Founding Fathers."