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"Universities have traditionally served as places for teaching and learning, generators of new knowledge and understanding, respositories and prservers of knowledge, transmitters of values and builders of citizens, and neutral spaces for debate. In the United States public universities also took early on the role of assisting local economic development. In recent years, universities across the developed world have been expected to serve as prime sources of new ideas, generators of new technology, founders of new companies, and critical contributors to economic growth. Ironically, however, while society increasingly focuses on this latter role, it still compensates universities and their faculty in pretty much the old way, that is primarily on the basis of research and teaching. This inconsistency has created deep tension that policy maker are desperately trying to solve this paper. This paper deals with this newly acquired role of universities through the lens of incentives for both individuals and organizations. It argues that proper incentive alignment is badly needed, that the nurturing of individual learned enterepreneurs is achievable under the right conditions, and that all sides of the triple helix have an important role to play."

"The Doha Miinisterial Conference in 2001 launched the Doha Round with an ambitious Doha Development Agenda (hereinafter "DDA") that focusses on the core market access issues of agriculture, non-agricultural market access (hereinafter "NAMA") and services. Today, after more than a decade of negotiations, conclusion of the DDA is nowhere in sight. The negotiations were in fact suspended in 2006, but resumed in 2007. The Bali Ministerial Conference in December 2013 achieved some measure of success under the new Director General Roberto Azevedo. In particular, since the DDA launch, Ministers have now agreed on a final Trade Faciliation. "