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"Sampai saat ini, konsep mengenai makhluk astral, hal-hal mistis, dan kekuatan supranatural masih menjadi tolok ukur genre horor dengan antusiasme tertinggi di Indonesia—terlepas dari pendefinisian horor yang terus mengalami dinamika. Berbagai karya sastra horor yang semakin berkembang di Indonesia memuat adanya kandungan mistisisme sebagai sebuah instrumen naratif di dalamnya. Secara singkat, tulisan ini merupakan pengkajian konsep mistisisme dengan perbedaan motif antartokoh melalui novel Gending Pencabut Nyawa karangan Diosetta. Lebih dari itu, tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk mengkaji kandungan heroisme dalam diri tokoh utama yang meliputi lima nilai: peka, bersatu, pengorbanan dan kesabaran, cinta, serta ikhlas. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan sosiologi sastra, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif untuk memvisualisasikan hasil kajian tersebut. Dari penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa aspek heroisme dalam diri Danan selaku tokoh utama cerita dinarasikan ke dalam bentuk perjuangannya dalam melawan motif mistisisme tokoh antagonis cerita bernama Aswangga. Bentuk perlawanan tersebut direpresentasikan dengan kekuatan-kekuatan supranatural tertentu, antara lain mantra pelindung diri, ajian Raga Sukma, Keris Raga Sukma, mantra pemanggil roh leluhur, ajian Geni Baraloka, ajian Lebur Saketi, dan Tabuh Waringin. Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan juga bahwa kesamaan penggunaan kekuatan supranatural yang dimiliki oleh dua tokoh sentral dalam cerita tersebut juga memiliki beberapa perbedaan mendasar, meliputi perbedaan motif, sumber, bentuk kekuatan, dan efek yang didapatkan.

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Until now, the concept of astral beings, mystical elements, and supernatural powers remains a significant benchmark in the horror genre with the highest enthusiasm in Indonesia, regardless of the continuously evolving definition of horror. Various developing works of horror literature in Indonesia contain elements of mysticism as a narrative instrument within them. In brief, this paper examines the concept of mysticism with motive differences among characters through the novel Gending Pencabut Nyawa written by Diosetta. Furthermore, this paper aims to explore the content of heroism within the main character, encompassing five values: sensitivity, unity, sacrifice and patience, love, and sincerity. Employing a sociological approach to literature, the author utilizes a qualitative descriptive research method to visualize the findings of this study. From this research, it is revealed that the aspect of heroism within Danan, the main character in the story, is narrated through his struggle against the mystical motives of the antagonist character named Aswangga. This resistance is represented by specific supernatural powers, including self-protective mantras, the Raga Sukma art, Raga Sukma Dagger, ancestral spirit-summoning mantras, the Geni Baraloka art, the Lebur Saketi art, and Tabuh Waringin. Additionally, it can be concluded from this research that the similarity in the use of supernatural powers that possessed by the two central characters also has several fundamental differences, including differences in motives, sources, forms of power, and effects obtained."

"Penyematan label pahlawan pada tokoh fiksi dewasa ini mulai mengalami pergeseran sebagaimana telah munculnya istilah anti hero dalam karya fiksi. Pergeseran dalam penyematan label pahlawan ini juga ditemukan dalam narasi gim Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII. Penyematan label pahlawan pada suatu tokoh dalam narasi ini dinilai kurang cocok bahkan tidak menyematkan label pahlawan pada tokoh yang dinilai lebih cocok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis wacana kepahlawanan dalam gim Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII (2007) di antara dua tokoh major menggunakan konsep kepahlawanan dan dasar model tindakan heroik oleh Franco et.al (2011) sebagai kerangka teori, serta metode analisis teks dan metode interpretasi komposisi visual sebagai alat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wacana kepahlawanan yang ditawarkan di dalam Crisis Core sangat mengacu pada kekuatan fisik dan kemampuan bertarung dibandingkan perilaku etis, serta kedua tokoh mencerminkan jenis kepahlawanan yang berbeda, yang pertama mencerminkan kepahlawanan abad pertengahan yang cenderung mengandalkan kekuatan fisik, yang kedua mencerminkan kepahlawanan modern yang cenderung mementingkan kesejahteraan orang lain sebelum dirinya.

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The labeling of heroes in fictional characters these days took a shift as the term anti hero was introduced. The shift of labeling of heroes has also been found in a video game narrative of Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII. The labeling of heroes on a character in the narrative have seen unwise, in fact the more suitable character to be labeled as heroes does not happened in the narrative. This study aims to analyze the discourse on heroism between two major characters in Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII RPG game using concept of heroism and elementary model of heroic action by Franco et.al (2011) as theoretical framework, and text analysis method as well as visual composition interpretation methods as analytical tool. This study finds that Crisis Core presents the concept of heroism refers to physical strength and fighting ability rather than ethical behavior. Also the characters represents two different heroism, the first one represents medieval kind of heroism who utilize physical strength in order to obtain the hero title, the second one represent modern kind of heroism who put others before himself."

"In summing up, something must be said first of Hemingway's vision of life, as it is reflected in his short stories and no_vels. Hemingway saw life as a struggle against unconquerable forces that were beyond the power and control of man. In this struggle, man is often defeated but what counts is the manner in which he acquits himself.It was not by chance that Hemingway stumbled on this vi_sion as the philosophy that underlies his writings. From his early biography 1 it is clear that the vision was a result of his ow i personal experiences during his youth in the Midwest of the United States and the wars he participated in as com_batant or journalist. These experiences led to his almost ob_sessive preoccupation with the realities of death and violence. The next logical step were the values and the principles by which a man should live in order to meet the challenges of life with honour and dignity..."

"Ritter and Welch (2002) explain there are two types of IPO firms, namely higher quality firms and lower quality firms. This research propose the third type, namely bad IPO firms which manipulate and force IPO underpricing. Bad IPO firms are subset of lower quality IPO firms that force false signal as higher quality firms. The false signal was hidden by managing post-IPO trading. Trading management are indirectly funded by using balance sheet cash. Hypothesis testing with the empirical model 1 was to confirm the role of CashRatio as the moderating variable that interact DER to affect IPO underpricing which originally was not. The findings support the predictions that interactive variable DER*CashRatio affect IPO underpricing. A managed trading had a non negative profits constraint so that selective post-IPO trading was conducted to cause trading imbalance observable as skewed trading volume (Skewness). Subsequent tests with the empirical model 2 was to confirm the role of Skewness as the moderating variable that interact VolRatio to affect post-IPO stock return (RGM) which originally was not. The findings support the predictions that interactive variable LnVolRatio*Skew affect RGM. Both findings confirm this research predictions on the possibility of manipulated IPO trading in Indonesia IPO 2009-2012."