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"To investigate the distribution of Heterocapsa including a harmful species H.circularisquama,cells were surveyed in three vietnamese coasts,Ha Long Bay,Hue and Phu Quoc Island in 2006...."

"Pada tahun 2021, penggunaan energi bahan bakar fosil di seluruh dunia melebihi 80%, yang memiliki kontribusi terhadap emisi karbon. Dalam pengembangan gas hidrogen sebagai pembawa energi ramah lingkungan menuju dunia bebas karbon, metode photoelectrochemical water splitting menjadi salah satu solusi yang potensial. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi sintesis dan karakterisasi ZnO nanorods yang didekorasi carbon dots (CDs) untuk aplikasi photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. ZnO nanorods disintesis menggunakan metode Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolisis (USP) dan hydrotermal, kemudian CDs dideposisi menggunakan metode spin coating. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah penambahan CDs tidak memengaruhi morfologi ZnO NRs. Lalu sampel yang ditambahkan CDs mengalami peningkatan absorbansi sehingga nilai energi celah pitanya menjadi 3.037 eV dan mengalami penurunan rekombinasi muatan serta adanya penurunan kepadatan cacat, seperti kekosongan oksigen (VO), penyisipan oksigen (Oi), dan penyisipan atom seng (Zni). Performa PEC water splitting juga mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan akibat peningkatan luas daerah aktif secara elektrokimia dan penurunan resistansi transfer muatan dari 34.1 kΩ menjadi 9.89 kΩ sehingga photocurrent density yang dihasilkan meningkat sebanyak 56% dari keadaan murni.

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In 2021, the use of fossil fuel energy worldwide exceeded 80%, significantly contributing to carbon emissions. In the development of hydrogen as an environmentally friendly energy carrier towards a carbon-free world, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting method has become one of the potential solutions. This research explores the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanorods decorated with carbon dots (CDs) for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting applications. ZnO nanorods were synthesized using Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) and hydrothermal methods, followed by the deposition of CDs using the spin coating method. The results showed that the addition of CDs did not affect the morphology of the ZnO NRs. Furthermore, the samples with added CDs exhibited increased absorbance, resulting in a bandgap energy value of 3.037 eV, reduced charge recombination, and decreased defect density, including oxygen vacancies (VO), oxygen interstitials (Oi), and zinc interstitials (Zni). The PEC water splitting performance also significantly improved due to the increased electrochemically active surface area and reduced charge transfer resistance from 34.1 kΩ to 9.89 kΩ, leading to a 56% increase in the generated photocurrent density compared to the pristine state."