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""For ninety per cent of our history, humans have lived as 'hunters and gatherers', and for most of this time, as talking individuals. No direct evidence for the origin and evolution of language exists; we do not even know if early humans had language, either spoken or signed. Taking an anthropological perspective, Alan Barnard acknowledges this difficulty and argues that we can nevertheless infer a great deal about our linguistic past from what is around us in the present. Hunter-gatherers still inhabit much of the world, and in sufficient number to enable us to study the ways in which they speak, the many languages they use, and what they use them for. Barnard investigates the lives of hunter-gatherers by understanding them in their own terms, to create a book which will be welcomed by all those interested in the evolution of language"--"

"Buku yang berjudul "A pattern language" ini ditulis oleh Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa, Murray Silverstein, Max Jacobson, Ingrid Fiksdahl-King, dan Shlomo Angel. Buku ini berisikan artikel-artikel dalam bahasa Inggris."

"While it has become trite to comment on the forces of global change,globalization is not simply about economy,technology or culture...."

"AbstrakObservers of Timorese culture have long maintained a preoccupation with the term Lulik. Its meanings have fluctuated in the past one-and a half centurie with prominent associations including idolatry, the sacred or prohibited, black magic, Timorese animist expression, or the core of Timorese culture.But Timorese have also commonly used the word as an adjective. This paper attempts to trace the origin of the bifurcated usages of the word Lulik through a reading of early missionary efforts to translate Portuguese religious texts into Tetun since the 1870s. In the early European missionaries ethnographic reports, Lulik was identified as the Other of Catholicism, the opponent to be suppressed. It was adopted as the translation of idolatry in missionary Tetun texts. However, it was impossible to maintain the singular pejorative meaning of Lulik, as the Timorese preferred to call Catholic priests nai lulik (Lord Lulik). A Timorese collaborator on Bible translation further took advantage of the missionaries ignorance of Timorese culture and language: Jesus was called Maromak Oan (the ritual ruler in Wehali) and liurai (the indigenous executive authority), while Caiaphas became the head sacerdote (the Portuguese word for priest) and Pontius Pilate was called Em-Boot (the title for a Portuguese governor). The upshot was that an attempt to present Catholicism as a European religion failed in Tetun, and the Passion became a story of an innocent native who was executed by the colonial and religious authorities. The missionaries Europe centric mistranslation of Lulik and the Timorese cosmology, however, strongly influenced the way the academic discourse on Lulik has developed in the following generations"

"Skripsi ini meneliti ragam bahasa lisan dan kalimat elips dalam tweet akun pribadi berbahasa Jerman. Selain itu, skripsi ini juga meneliti pengetahuan tata bahasa para pengguna Twitter Jerman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ragam bahasa lisan dan kalimat elips dalam tweet akun pribadi berbahasa Jerman serta mengetahui apakah pengguna Twitter Jerman tetap mengetahui tata bahasa yang benar. Data berasal dari seratus tweet berbahasa Jerman dan 52 angket yang telah diisi oleh pengguna Twitter Jerman. Dasar teori yang digunakan adalah teori ragam bahasa lisan dari Schwitalla, teori kalimat elips dari Ludger Hoffmann, dan teori perkembangan bahasa dari Rudi Keller. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 51 tweet menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan dan/ atau kalimat elips dan 81% responden tetap mengetahui tata bahasa Jerman dengan benar.

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This thesis researches variation of oral language and elliptical sentence usage in german-speaking personal account tweet. Also, the thesis researches grammar knowledge possessed by german-speaking twitter users. This study aims to describe the variation of oral language and elliptical sentence in german speaking personal account's tweet and to find out whether the german-speaking twitter user still understand the proper grammar. The data comes from observation of 100 german speaking-tweets and 52 questionnaires which have been answered by german speaking twitter users. Theoritical background used here are theory of variation of oral language by Schwitalla, theory of elliptical sentence by Ludge Hoffmann, and theory of language change by Rudi Keller. Analysis result shows that 51 tweet use oral language and/ or elliptical sentence while 81% of respondents still know how to use proper german-grammar in composing their tweets."