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"The main theme of this book is that the attainment of universal human rights required heroic struggle, first by individuals and then by ever-increasing numbers of people who supported those views against the major his. This book argues that this struggle for national rights has been practically and logically contradictory with the struggle for universal rights. It would only be otherwise if there were free migration and access to citizenship on demand by anybody. "

"Cerpen Pembakaran Dupa Pertama (沉香屑·第一炉香Chenxiang xie-di yi luxiang) adalah cerpen karya Zhang Ailing (1943). Cerpen ini bercerita tentang seorang perempuan remaja bernama Ge Weilong yang berkeinginan melanjutkan studi ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi di Hong Kong. Untuk mendapatkan bantuan dana studi ia terpaksa tinggal di rumah bibinya yang berprofesi sebagai seorang mucikari. Setelah ia tinggal di rumah bibinya, niat untuk melanjutkan studi mengalami gangguan dan hambatan. Meskipun pada awalnya ia mampu mengatasi hal-hal yang menggoyah cita-citanya, tetapi pada akhirnya Ge Weilong gagal meraih cita-citanya. Penelitian terdahulu yang membahas cerpen Pembakaran Dupa Pertama karya Zhang Ailing fokus membahas tokoh utama perempuan dalam cerpen, hidup, dan kisah cintanya. Meski membahas tokoh utama perempuan dalam cerpen ini juga, artikel ini mencoba menganalisis dari sudut yang berbeda, yaitu tahapan kehidupan tokoh Ge Weilong semenjak ia membangun cita-cita, hambatan yang ia temui, dan bagaimana akhir dari cita-citanya. Dari hasil mengkaji teks cerita didapat kesimpulan bahwa tokoh Ge Weilong tidak teguh merealisasi cita-cita, mudah tergoda, dan gagal meraih cita-citanya. Gambaran hidupnya adalah representasi dari dupa yang muncul pada judul cerpen, bagian awal, dan bagian akhir cerpen. Pengarang nampak menyisipkan pesan agar perempuan hati-hati dalam menjalankan hidupnya.

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The short story of “First Incense Burning” (沉香屑·第一炉香Chenxiang xie-di yi luxiang) is a short story by Zhang Ailing (1943). This short story tells about a teenage girl named Ge Weilong who wants to continue her studies to a higher level in Hong Kong. To get financial support for her studies she was forced to live at her aunt's house who works as a pimp. After she lived at her aunt's house, her intention to continue her studies was disturbed and hindered. Although at first she was able to overcome the things that disturbed her goals, but in the end Ge Weilong failed to achieve her goals. Previous research that discussed the short story of “First Incense Burning” by Zhang Ailing focused on discussing the main female character in the story, her life, and love story. Although discussing the main female character in this short story as well, this article tries to analyze from a different angle, namely the stages of Ge Weilong's life since she built her goals, the obstacles she encountered, and how her goals ended. From the results of analyzing the story, it can be concluded that the character Ge Weilong is not firm in realizing her goals, she easily tempted, and fails to achieve her goals. Her life is a representation of the incense that appears in the title of the short story, the beginning, and the end of the short story. The author seems to have inserted a message for women to be careful in carrying out their lives."