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"Pakaian mempunyai arti yang sangat penting dalam peradaban manusia. Sejalan dengan perkembangan jaman, fungsi pakaian juga mengalami perkembangan. Pakaian yang semula hanya sebagai pelindung badan kemudian berkembang hingga akhirnya digunakan untuk kepentingan politik pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru. Keluarnya pedoman pakaian seragam sekolah tahun 1982 yang mengatur pakaian seragam sekolah secara nasional tentunya dilatar belakangi oleh situasi dan kondisi yang terjadi waktu itu. Dan keluarnya pedoman pakaian seragam sekolah tersebut akan membawa dampak bagi siswa-siswa sekolah. Dampak yang dirasakan siswa-siswa pada akirnya mengundang aksi perlawanan menentang pedoman pakaian seragam sekolah dan dukungan simpatik yang menyebabkan pedoman pakaian seragam sekolah ditinjau ulang lagi dan disempurnakan dengan keluarnya pedoman pakaian seragam sekolah tahun 1991. Untuk mendapatkan pemahaman secara baik terhadap pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini digunakan teori collective action Charles Tilly. Penelitian ini menempuh tahapan sesuai metode sejarah yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan penulisan. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan terdiri dari sumber primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer meliputi surat keputusan, surat-surat, koran dan majalah serta wawancara dengann tokoh terkait. Sedang sumber sekunder terdiri dari buku-buku dan artikel."

"[ABSTRAKPenampilan dan pakaian seragam merupakan salah satu bagian dari identitasprofesional bagi perawat. Berkembangnya penampilan dan desain pakaianseragam mempengaruhi pandangan terhadap profesi. Penelitian ini bertujuanmengidentifikasi persepsi perawat terhadap penampilan dan pakaian seragam.Desain penelitian menggunakan fenomenologi deskriptif, proses pengumpulandata dilakukan dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Partisipan pada penelitianini diambil secara purposive sampling, analisis data menggunakan metode Giorgi.Hasil penelitian teridentifikasi tema: tujuan dan manfaat penampilan dan pakaianseragam, makna penampilan dan pakaian seragam, perasaan terhadap penampilandan pakaian seragam, dan pengelolaan penampilan dan pakaian seragam.Disimpulkan bahwa persepsi perawat terhadap penampilan dan pakaian seragammemandang penampilan dan perasaan terhadap penampilan dan pakaian seragammerupakan hal yang penting. Peran manajer dalam pengontrolan penampilan danpenggunaan pakaian seragam secara berkala sangat diperlukan dalam pengelolaanpenampilan dan pakaian seragam.

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ABSTRACTThe appearance and uniforms is one part of the professional identity of nurses.This research aimed to identify nurses perception of the appearance and uniforms.This research designed using a descriptive phenomenological, the data collectedby Focus Group Discussion, participants selected by purposive sampling, dataanalysis using Giorgi methods, result of research themes: the purposes andbenefits of appearance and uniform, the meaning of appearance and uniform,feelings toward appearance and uniform, and management to appearance anduniform. It could be conclude that the nurses perception in appearance anduniform is important at the appearance. The manager?s role is very important incontrolling the appearance and uniforms, The appearance and uniforms is one part of the professional identity of nurses.This research aimed to identify nurses perception of the appearance and uniforms.This research designed using a descriptive phenomenological, the data collectedby Focus Group Discussion, participants selected by purposive sampling, dataanalysis using Giorgi methods, result of research themes: the purposes andbenefits of appearance and uniform, the meaning of appearance and uniform,feelings toward appearance and uniform, and management to appearance anduniform. It could be conclude that the nurses perception in appearance anduniform is important at the appearance. The manager’s role is very important incontrolling the appearance and uniforms]"

"This paper is written based on the author's research on the policy of Chinese assimilation in two types of high school in Medan (1985-1986). Based on education policy issued in 1975,Indonesian students of Chinese descent are brought to contact with 'local students' to absorb so-called National culture through assimilation in schools. The author specifies two models of assimilation school, one is public schools, and the other is private schools with certain religious affiliations. There are seven indicators to measure successful assimilation (cultural, structural, amalgamations, identification, attitude, behaviour, and civic education) which show that the overall success of the assimilation agenda is still open to question if not unexpected. However, the author remarks that surprisingly, the assimilation process seems to have met with greater success in religious schools rather than public schools and he also critically points out that the basic assumption of assimilation is misleading and does not support the enrichment of a multicultural society."

"This paper is written based on the author's research on the policy of Chinese assimilation in two types of high school in Medan (1985-1986). Based on education policy issued in 1975,Indonesian students of Chinese descent are brought to contact with 'local students' to absorb so-called National culture through assimilation in schools. The author specifies two models of assimilation school, one is public schools, and the other is private schools with certain religious affiliations. There are seven indicators to measure successful assimilation (cultural, structural, amalgamations, identification, attitude, behaviour, and civic education) which show that the overall success of the assimilation agenda is still open to question if not unexpected. However, the author remarks that surprisingly, the assimilation process seems to have met with greater success in religious schools rather than public schools and he also critically points out that the basic assumption of assimilation is misleading and does not support the enrichment of a multicultural society."