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"Anggur buah adalah jenis minuman sari buah yang dibuat dengan cara peragian. Berbagai variasi yang akan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah variasi jenis salak yaitu Salak Pondoh dan Salak Bali; variasi penambahan ragi saccharomyces cerevisiae 2%, 2.5%, dan 3% dari sari buah; dan variasi penambahan gula sebesar 200 gram, 300 gram, dan 400 gram. Metode yang digunakan dalam menguji produk anggur salak adalah metode penentuan densitas etanol, penentuan potensial hidrogen (pH), metode penentuan kadar etanol dengan menggunakan GC (fasa produk cair), dan metode penentuan warna. Anggur salak Pondoh terbuat dari 1 kg salak Pondoh, gula 400 gram dan ragi 3% difermentasi selama 7 minggu menghasilkan diperoleh kadar etanol sebesar 8.29 %, pH 3.6-3.8, nilai kekeruhan sebesar 1408 NTU, dan densitas anggur sebesar 0.987 gr/mL dan anggur salak Bali terbuat dari 1 kg salak Bali, gula 400 gram dan ragi 3% difermentasi selama 7 minggu menghasilkan diperoleh kadar etanol sebesar 8.23%, pH 3.5-3.7, nilai kekeruhan sebesar 1221 NTU, dan densitas anggur sebesar 0.987 gr/mL. Kadar anggur menjadi minuman beralkohol tinggi jika difermentasi menjadi wisky ataupun brandy (kadar alkohol 20%-55%) difermentasi _ 1 tahun atau jika ingin dijadikan etanol dapat dilakukan proses destilasi.

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Wine is a type of fruit juice beverage made by fermentation. Different variations that will be done in this study is a variation of Salak Pondoh and Salak Bali; variation of the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisae in the addition of 2%, 2.5%, and 3% of the juice and sugar for a variation adding 200 grams, 300 grams, and 400 grams. The method used in testing product salak wine is a method of determining the density of ethanol, the determination of potential hydrogen (pH), the ethanol content determination method using GC (liquid product phase), and the method of determining the color. Wine Salak Pondoh made from 1 kg of salak Pondoh, 400 grams sugar and 3% yeast fermented for 7 weeks to produce ethanol content obtained for 8.29%, pH 3.6-3.8, the value Turbidity of 1408 NTU, and density wine of 0.987 g/ mL and wine salak Bali made from 1 kg of salak Bali, 400 grams sugar and 3% yeast fermented for 7 weeks to produce ethanol content obtained for 8.23%, pH 3.5-3.7, the value Turbidity of 1221 NTU, and density wine of 0.987 g/mL. Levels of wine into the high alcohol when fermented into wisky or brandy (alcohol content 20% - 55%) is fermented _ 1 year or if you want to become the ethanol distillation process can be done."

"Pemasaran produk pencerahan kulit mengalami peningkatan terutama di daerah Asia Pasifik. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang penduduknya menganggap bahwa kulit putih itu cantik, sehingga memotivasi wanita Indonesia untuk memakai produk pencerah kulit.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mencari bahan baku yang bermanfaat sebagai pencerah kulit yang berasal dari tanaman Indonesia dengan mengetahui potensi ekstrak etanol daging buah salak varietas Bongkok (Salacca edulis Reinw) terhadap aktivitas pencerahan kulit. Salak varietas Bongkok mengandung flavonoid yang diduga memiliki kemampuan dalam proses depigmentasi kulit. Studi in vitro yang dilakukan adalah uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH dan uji penghambatan tirosinase.Dari hasil uji in vitro didapatkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daging buah salak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan pada konsentrasi 1%, 3% dan 5%, sedangkan kemampuannya menghambat tirosinase diperoleh pada konsentrasi 3% dan 5%, tidak pada konsentrasi 1%. Pada uji manfaat dengan analisis univariat, krim uji yang mengandung ekstrak etanol daging buah salak 3% dengan uji T-test terbukti ada penurunan yang signifikan pada indeks melanin kulit (p<0,001).Dengan analisis bivariat, krim uji yang mengandung ekstrak etanol daging buah salak 3% mengalami penurunan indeks melanin yang baik dibandingkan dengan basis krim dengan signifikansi 0,001(p<0,05). Dengan hasil yang diperoleh diharapkan ekstrak etanol daging buah salak dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku produk pencerahan kulit sehingga dapat mengurangi ketergantungan industri kosmetik dalam negeri terhadap bahan baku impor.

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The whitening skin product market has been growing significantly in Asia Pacific. Indonesia is one of those countries which mainly thinks that having a white color skin is simply beautiful. Therefore, it motivates Indonesian women to buy more whitening product to satisfy their beauty needs.The purpose of this research is to find raw material for whitening product from Indonesian plants that can be useful as skin lightening agents. This study investigate the potential of ethanolic extract from snake fruit in the activity as skin enlightenment. Salacca edulis Reinw (Snake fruit Bongkok varieties) contains flavonoids which have been reported to play a part in skin depigmentation. The study conducted in vitro antioxidant activity assay using DPPH and tyrosinase inhibition assay.The test results showed that in vitro, snake fruit ethanolic extract have antioxidant activity at concentration of 1%, 3% and 5%. The ability to inhibit tyrosinase is observed at a concentration of 3% and 5%. The univariate analysis from the efficacy test, using cream containing 3% extract to T-test proved that there was a significant reduction in skin melanin index (p <0,001).In bivariate analysis, cream containing 3% extract decrease melanin index which compares favorably with the base cream with significance 0,001 (p <0,05). The results obtained strongly suggest that snake fruit ethanol extract can be used as raw material for skin lightening so as to reduce dependence of the domestic cosmetics industry on imported raw materials."

"Xantin oksidase berperan dalam mengkatalisis hipoxantin menjadi xantin dan selanjutnya menjadi asam urat, yang mana memiliki peranan penting terhadap hiperurisemia. Salah satu pengobatan hiperurisemia adalah dengan menghambat xantin oksidase sehingga produksi asam urat berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas fraksi teraktif dari ekstrak metanol kulit buah salak (Salacca edulis Reinw.), dalam menghambat xantin oksidase. Kulit buah salak dipilih berdasarkan penggunaannya secara empirik dalam pengobatan hiperurisemia. Serbuk simplisia dimaserasi menggunakan metanol, kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol dan metanol. Fraksi teraktif yang diperoleh adalah fraski etil asetat dengan IC50 23,435 μg/mL. Uji kinetika enzim menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan kompetitif. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa terhadap fraksi etil asetat menunjukan adanya golongan senyawa glikosida, flavonoid, tanin, dan fenol.

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Xanthine oxidase catalyses the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid, which plays a crucial role in hyperuricemia. One of the treatments of hyperuricemia is by inhibiting the xanthine oxidase so that the production of uric acid can be reduced. The purpose of this study was to determine the most active fraction of methanol extact from peel of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. Peel of snake fruit was selected according to the empiric medication of hyperuricemia. The simplicia powder was extracted by methanol, and then fractionated successively by n-hexane, ethyl acetat, n-butanol, and methanol. Fraction of ethyl acetat is the most active fraction. It has IC50 value 23,07 μg/mL. Kinetic enzyme assay showed that ethyl acetat fraction had competitive inhibitory activity. The result of phytochemical identification shows that the fraction of ethyl acetat contains glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, and phenols."

"Penggunaan kulit salak sebagai antidiabetes belum populer di Indonesia. Kemampuan hipoglikemiknya ini telah dibuktikan oleh beberapa penderita diabetes di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Tes Toleransi glukosa Oral (TTGO) menggunakan tikus putih jantan galur Spargue Dawley umur 2 - 3 bulan dengan berat 150 - 200 g. Setelah diberikan perlakuan sesuai dengan rancangan, darah diambil pada interval waktu tertentu. Air rebusan kulit salak diberikan secara oral dengan dosis 9 g/200g bb, 18 g/200 g bb dan 36 g/200 g bb. Sebagai pembanding digunakan glibenklamid 0,9 g/200 g bb. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah menggunakan metode otoluidin dilakukan dengan spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 632,0 nm. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa air rebusan kulit salak dosis 9 g/200g bb tidak dapat menurunkan secara bermakna (P>0,05) kadar glukosa darah tikus. Pemberian air rebusan kulit salak dosis 18 g/200 g bb dapat menurunkan secara bermakna (P<0,05) kadar glukosa darah tikus, sedangkan dosis 36 g/200g bb menunjukkan potensi yang lebih tinggi. Meskipun demikian, efek hipoglikemiknya masih dibawah glibenklamid.The use of salak skin as anti-diabetes has been attested by some diabetic people in Indonesia.The study was analyzed further by The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (TTGO) ang was conducted using male white rats of Spargue Dawley (age 2-3 month, 150-200 g). After the design treatment, the blood sample were collected at certain time interval. Aqueous of salak skin was given orally with a dosage 9 g/200 g bb, 18 g/200 g bb and 36 g/200 g bb. As a comparison it using Glibenclamide 0,9 g/200 g bb. A measurement of blood glucose degree is using o-toluidin method and was conducted employing spectrophotometer at 632,0 nm. The acquired data analyzed using Anova test (95%).

The result show that aqueous of salak skin with dosage 9 g/200g bb were unable to decrease significantly ( P>0,05) the blood glucose level in glucose-preloaded glucose. Aqueous of salak with dosage of 18 g/200 g were capable to decrease significantly (P<0,05) blood glucose degree of male white rats, whereas a 36 g/200g bb dose shows a higher potential. Nevertheless, the highest hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous of salak skin still lower than of Glibenklamid."

"Daun salam dan buah salak sangat melimpah di Indonesia, dan dipercaya masyarakat memiliki sifat antioksidan dan anti penuaan. Namun belum ada penelitian mengenai penggunaanya sebagai inhibitor korosi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan menganalisa pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun salam (syzygium polyanthum),, buah salak banjarnegara (salacca zalacca var banjarnegara) dan campuran keduanya sebagai inhibitor ramah lingkungan terhadap baja karbon API 5L grade B dalam larutan HCl 1M. Pengujian polarisasi dan EIS dilakukan untuk mengukur efisiensi inhibitor pada konsentrasi penambahan ekstrak yang berbeda yaitu 2ml/L, 4ml/L, 6ml/L dan 8ml/L untuk masing-masing ekstrak daun salam dan buah salak, dan konsentrasi ekstrak campuran 6ml/L dengan perbandingan komposisi ekstrak daun salam dan buah salak yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1 dan 2:1. Pengujian FTIR dilakukan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa aktif yang terkandung pada ekstrak daun salam dan buah salak, dan mengetahui golongan senyawa aktif yang membentuk lapisan protektif pada permukaan logam. Adsorption isotherm digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mekanisme adsorpsi dari inhibitor ekstrak daun salam, buah salak dan campuran pada permukaan baja. Hasil pengujian polarisasi pada penambahan inhibitor ekstrak daun salam dan buah salak secara tunggal, sama-sama menunjukan nilai efisiensi inhibitor (EI) tertinggi dan laju korosi (CR) terendah diperoleh pada konsentrasi 6ml/L yaitu masing-masing EI = 58.56%, CR=1.36 mm/tahun untuk ekstrak daun salam dan EI = 74.90%, CR = 0.82 mm/tahun untuk ekstrak buah salak. Hasil pengujian EIS pada penambahan inhibitor ekstrak daun salam dan buah salak secara tunggal juga menunjukan nilai efisiensi inhibitor (EI) tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi 6ml/L yaitu masing-masing EI=76.60% untuk ekstrak buah salak dan EI=66.07% untuk ekstrak daun salam. Sedangkan untuk campuran ekstrak daun salam dan buah salak diperoleh efisiensi inhibitor (EI) tertinggi dan laju korosi (CR) terendah pada perbandingan komposisi 1:1 (50% : 50%) yaitu sebesar EI=73.54% dan CR=0.87 mm/year, berdasarkan pengujian polarisasi dan EI=74.83% berdasarkan pengujian EIS. Pengujian FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan golongan senyawa fenolik (tannin) pada penambahan inhibitor ekstrak daun salam dan keberadaan golongan senyawa alkaloid pada penambahan ekstrak salak dipermukaan logam yang direndam dalam HCl 1M. Kedua jenis ekstrak apabila dicampurkan tidak menunjukan adanya efek sinergis dan juga antagonis sehingga dapat disimpulkan keduanya tidak saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Kedua inhibitor ekstrak menunjukan korelasi sesuai dengan Langmuir dan Frumkin Isotherm yang mengindikasinya mekanisme adsorpsi fisik dan chemisorption

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Bay leaves and snake fruits are very abundant in Indonesia, and have been believed by local community that they have antioxidant properties and anti-aging effect. However, no studies regarding its use as a enviromental friendly corrosion inhibitor. The aim of this research is to study and analyze the effect of indonesian bay leaf extract (syzygium polyanthum), snake fruit (salacca zalacca var banjarnegara) extract and also these mixed extract as enviromental friendly inhibitor on carbon steel API 5L grade B in hydrochoric acid 1M solution.

Electrochemical polarization test and EIS test were used in measuring the inhibitor efficiency at a different concentration of extract i.e. 2ml/L, 4ml/L, 6ml/L dan 8ml/L for indonesia bay leaf extract and snake fruit extract as single inhibitor, and 6ml/L for their mixture with a composition ratio of indonesian leaf extract to snake fruit extract , 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1 dan 2:1. FTIR was also used to identify the active compound group contained in both extracts and identify the active compound group which formed protective film on the metal surface. Adsorption isotherm was used to study inhibition mechanism of indonesia bay leaf extract, snake fruit extract and their mixture on metal surface.

Polarization test result of addition of indonesian bay leaf extract and snake fruit extract as single inhibitor in 1M HCl solution showed the highest inhibitor efficiency value (IE) and lowest corrosion rate (CR) IE=58.56%, CR=1.36 mm/year for bay leaf extract, and IE=74.90%, CR=0.82 mm/year for snake fruit extract at concentration 6ml/L, as well as EIS test showed the highest inhibitor efficiency value respectively IE=66.07% for bay leaf extract and IE=76.6% for snake fruit extract at concentration 6ml/L. And the addition of their mixture showed the highet inhibitor efficiency value achieved at a composition ratio 1:1 (50% : 50%) i.e. IE=73.54%, CR=0.87 mm/year based on polarisation test and 74.83% based on EIS test.

FTIR test result on steel sample which was immersed in HCl 1M solution had identified primarily the presence of phenolic compound group (tannin) on the metal surface with an addition of indonesian bay leaf extract and alkaloid compound group on the metal surface with an addition of snake fruits extract. The mixture of the extracts showed no sinergistic and antagonistic interaction. Thus, it can be concluded that these extracts do not interact to each other when they are mixed. These two extracts showed a correlation to Langmuir and Frumkin Isotherm that indicated physical adsorption as well as chemisorption."

". Wardani S, Sugiyarto. 2009. Characterization of white grubs (Melolonthidae: Coleoptera) at salak pondoh agroecosystem inMount Merapi based on isozymic banding patterns. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 38-42. The aim of this research is to know thecharacteristics of white grubs (Melolonthidae: Coleoptera) based on isozyme banding patterns. This research was conducted at Sleman,Yogyakarta, and Magelang-Central Java for the morphological purposes. The sample was taken from 5 places with different height inwich 5 samples were taken from each location. The method used in this research was polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) usingthe vertical type. The enzyme system used in this research were peroxidase and esterase to detect the isozyme banding patterns. Theresults showed that there was a variation in isozyme banding patterns of white grubs (Melolonthidae: Coleoptera) at salak pondohagroecosystem in Mount Merapi?s slope (peroxidase in station II and IV while esterase in station III and V). It?s mean that genetic variationon white grubs population at salak pondoh agroecosystem in Mount Merapi?s slope was found. The environmental condition alsocontributed to the influence of the appear of isozyme banding pattern?s variation because each location had a different condition. "

"The research aimed to role out the genetic variability and the classification of Java Salacca based on its morphological and molecular characters and to find out the genetic relationship among salacca cultivars that can be selected as parental material for breeding program. The salacca from Manonjaya (West Java), Banjarnegara, Bejalen, Lawu and Saratan (Central Java), Super Pondoh, Black Pondoh, Gading, Kembangarum, Madu and Manggala (Sleman-Yogyakarta) and Suwaru (East Java) were used in our study. Morphological characters and classification analysis by RAPD method with six random primers (OPA-11, OPA-16, OPA-17, OPA-18, OPX-15, OPX-17) were used as classification variable. The genetic variability among cultivars of Java Salacca was presented by the similarity matrixes and dendogram. Based on the morphological classification, the twelve salacca cultivars was divided at four clusters: 1) Manonjaya, Manggala, Suwaru and Kembangarum, 2) Super Pondoh and Black Pondoh, 3) Banjarnegara, Saratan and Bejalen, 4) gading, Madu and Lawu. Based on the molecular-RAPD method, the twelve salacca cultivars was also divided into four clusters but difference member of cultivars: 1) Super Pondoh, Banjarnegara, Black Pondoh, gading, Kembangarum and Suwaru, 2) Bejalen, Saratan and Lawu, 3) madu and Manggala, and 4) Manonjaya. Based on the two classification system used in the study I found the close relationship of Saratan Salacca and Bejalen Salacca from Central Java origin also Super Pondoh Salacca and Black Pondoh Salacca from Sleman-Yogyakarta origin."