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"Penggunaan kompor gas sebagai alat untuk memasak di dapur rumah tangga sudah menjadi kebutuhan setiap rumah. Alasan menggunakan kompor gas adalah pembakarannya lebih bensih, mudah, lebih cepat, dan relative murah. Emisi gas buang dari pembakaran gas ini walaupun dalam jmnlah yang sedikit jika terakumulasi di dalam dapur rumah tangga atau jika terlalu sering menghirupnya akan membahayakan kesehatan orang yang berada di dalam dapur. Gas buang ini dapat berupa Sulfur Oksida (SOx) , Karbon Monoksida (CO), Nitrogas Oksida (NOx) dan Hidrokarbon. Sebqai contoh efek dari gas CO serupa dengan pengaruh kekurangan oksigen, dapat menyebabkan kematian. Sebqai studi awal, gas buang diamati konsentrasinya hanya gas KarbonMonoksida (CO). Baku mutu udarambien untuk kandungan CO seeuai Keputusan menteri KLH Nomor KEP-03/MENKLH/1991 sebesar 2260 ug/m3.. Pembakaran gas CNG menggunakan burner bunsen menghasilkan emisi gas buang CO sebesar... "

"Development successful of a state supported by many factors. One of sector which has contribution in its successful is transportation sector. Transportation sector is a important sector of state development. If the transportation is good, the development becomes more accomplished so the economic can grow and automatically politic stability increases. Public policy in transportation sector is veryimportant thing, because including people and goods movement to some area or place especially in urban. The problems of transportation in urban generally are traffic jam,traffic indiscipline, pollution, safety etc. Transportation policy directed to overcome the problems of transportation by providing priority of the more important problem to be overcome first. The air pollution caused by urban transportation is one of thebiggest contribution of carbon gas on atmosphere and this problem would be discussed in this thesis.Method which was used in this thesis was qualitative method by collecting data through library research and interview to the competence sides in this research.The conclusion of this research is state policy especially transportation sector still more emphasize certain groups particularly for the sake of business. and ignoredimportance of public, people conditions are still weak even though today has gone in reformation era which emphasizes people in making policy. However state remain participates in international policy that is ratifying Kyoto Protocol to reduce thedanger gas which causes climate alteration and global effect. Thus the state still halfhearted to perform the policy in this environment sector because of many importance, while in politic international which was leaded by state that is care about environment, that is a important issue and many pay attention in globalization eracurrently and in order to the state was not excommunicated in international world."

"DKI Jakarta memiliki luas wilayah sekitar 650 km2 termasuk Kepulauan Seribu. Laju penambahan penduduknya sebesar 4,2% per tahun, sedangkan laju pertambahan kendaraannya mencapai 15% pertahun. Hal ini menyebabkan padatnya lalu Iintas dan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas udara atau dengan kata lain tingkat pencemaran udara di Jakarta sudah mencapai tingkat yang membahayakan. Dari data yang tersedia diketahui bahwa hampir 100% gas CO, 90% HC dan 73,4% NOx yang tersebar di udara Jakarta berasal dari gas buang kendaraan bermotor. Untuk ini telah terdapat sejumlah upaya-upaya penurunan emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor, seperti peniadaan timbal di dalam bensin, pengurangan penggunaan TEL di dalam bensin, pengembangan penggunaan bahan bakar alternatif selain bahan bakar fosil, serta serangkaian kebijakan pemerintah. Apapun bentuk upaya tersebut harus dilakukan secara sinambung dan sinkron, karena penurunan emisi tersebut tidak bisa dengan hanya menggunakan salah satu kebijakan saja. Faktor yang paling penting dan mendasar dalam hal ini adalah dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai bahaya pencemaran udara sehingga akan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat."

"[ABSTRAKFaktor emisi dan konsumsi bahan bakar tergantung pada berbagai faktor. Driving cycle merupakan perilaku lalu lintas dan merupakan reprsentasi berkendara dari suatu wilayah. Ada banyak standar driving cycle seperti metode Eropa driving cycle, Jepang Cycle, US-EPA, dll. Namun, driving cycle tersebut tidak dapat mewakili kondisi aktual Jakarta. Penelitian ini menjelaskan driving cycle yang diperoleh di Jakarta. Jakarta driving cycle adalah langkah pertama untuk menentukan emisi nyata untuk mengurangi polusi dan untuk mempengaruhi pilihan kendaraan di Jakarta. Faktor emisidigunakan untuk menentukan emisi gas buang di persimpangan Semanggi. Studi kasus persimpangan Semanggi dibahas. Aspek psikologis berkontribusi pada pemahaman tentang perilaku pemilik mobil untuk menggunakan bus rapid transit di Jakarta. Diskusi tentang The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) dan aspek psikologis dibuat untuk studi kasus ini. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan model dinamis dari pengurangan emisi di sektor transportasi darat, studi kasus perempatan Semanggi di Jakarta. Sistem transportasi perkotaan adalah sistem yang kompleks dengan beberapa variabel, loop umpan balik, dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Model system dinamis yang diusulkan terdiri dari dua submodel: "Vehicle Fleet" dan "Perhitungan Emisi". Model ini berjalan dalam perangkat lunak Powersim Studio menggunakan data dari Indonesia Japan Economic Agreement Partenership (IJ-EPA) dan Kepolisian Republik Indonesia.;

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ABSTRACTEmission factors and fuel consumption depend on various factors. The driving cycle represents traffic behaviour and is representative of a given region. There are many standards of driving cycles such as the method of European Driving Cycle, Japan Cycle, US-EPA, India Cycle, etc. However, these driving cycles cannot represent the actual condition in Jakarta. This paper describes the driving cycle obtained in Jakarta. Jakarta?s Driving Cycle is the first step for determining real emissions in order to decrease pollution and to influence vehicle choice in Jakarta. Emissions factors are deduced and used to determine exhaust emissions in the Semanggi intersection. The case study of the Semanggi intersection is discussed. Psychological aspects contribute to the understanding of the behaviour of car owners to use bus rapid transit (BRT) in Jakarta. Discussion about TPB theory and psychological aspects are made for this case study. This paper describes a dynamic system model of emissions reduction in the land transport sector with the case study of the Semanggi intersection in Jakarta. The urban transportation system is a complex system with multiple variables, feedback loops, and is influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. The proposed DS model consists of two submodels: ?Vehicle Fleet? and ?Emissions Calculation?. The model runs in Powersim Studio software using data from Indonesia Japan Economic Agreement Partenership (IJ-EPA) and the Traffic Management Centre of the Indonesia National Police Headquarters.;Emission factors and fuel consumption depend on various factors. The driving cycle represents traffic behaviour and is representative of a given region. There are many standards of driving cycles such as the method of European Driving Cycle, Japan Cycle, US-EPA, India Cycle, etc. However, these driving cycles cannot represent the actual condition in Jakarta. This paper describes the driving cycle obtained in Jakarta. Jakarta?s Driving Cycle is the first step for determining real emissions in order to decrease pollution and to influence vehicle choice in Jakarta. Emissions factors are deduced and used to determine exhaust emissions in the Semanggi intersection. The case study of the Semanggi intersection is discussed. Psychological aspects contribute to the understanding of the behaviour of car owners to use bus rapid transit (BRT) in Jakarta. Discussion about TPB theory and psychological aspects are made for this case study. This paper describes a dynamic system model of emissions reduction in the land transport sector with the case study of the Semanggi intersection in Jakarta. The urban transportation system is a complex system with multiple variables, feedback loops, and is influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. The proposed DS model consists of two submodels: ?Vehicle Fleet? and ?Emissions Calculation?. The model runs in Powersim Studio software using data from Indonesia Japan Economic Agreement Partenership (IJ-EPA) and the Traffic Management Centre of the Indonesia National Police Headquarters., Emission factors and fuel consumption depend on various factors. The driving cycle represents traffic behaviour and is representative of a given region. There are many standards of driving cycles such as the method of European Driving Cycle, Japan Cycle, US-EPA, India Cycle, etc. However, these driving cycles cannot represent the actual condition in Jakarta. This paper describes the driving cycle obtained in Jakarta. Jakarta’s Driving Cycle is the first step for determining real emissions in order to decrease pollution and to influence vehicle choice in Jakarta. Emissions factors are deduced and used to determine exhaust emissions in the Semanggi intersection. The case study of the Semanggi intersection is discussed. Psychological aspects contribute to the understanding of the behaviour of car owners to use bus rapid transit (BRT) in Jakarta. Discussion about TPB theory and psychological aspects are made for this case study. This paper describes a dynamic system model of emissions reduction in the land transport sector with the case study of the Semanggi intersection in Jakarta. The urban transportation system is a complex system with multiple variables, feedback loops, and is influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. The proposed DS model consists of two submodels: “Vehicle Fleet” and “Emissions Calculation”. The model runs in Powersim Studio software using data from Indonesia Japan Economic Agreement Partenership (IJ-EPA) and the Traffic Management Centre of the Indonesia National Police Headquarters.]"

"Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan pencampuran dimethyl ether (DME) dan liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sebagai bahan bakar, kemudian menguji emisi gas buang serta nyala api dari hasil pembakaran bahan bakar tersebut pada kompor. DME yang ditambahkan pada LPG sebesar 10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40% dan 50% (v/v). Gas emisi yang di analisa adalah gas oksida-oksida sulfur (SOx), oksida-oksida nitrogen (NOx), dan karbon monoksida (CO). Pengambilan sampel gas emisi SOx dan NOx menggunakan alat Stack gas sampler (SGS), sedangkan gas CO menggunakan alat gas analyzer. Gas SOx dianalisa menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan metode turbidimetri sedangkan gas NOx dianalisa dengan metode phenol disulfonic acid . Efek penambahan DME pada LPG menurunkan emisi gas buang SOx, NOx dan CO. Pada LPG 100%, emisi gas SOx yang dihasilkan sebesar 5,85 mg/m3, sedangkan pada campuran LPG 90%:DME 10%, LPG 80%:DME 20%, LPG 65%:DME 35%, dan LPG 50%:DME 50%, emisi SOx yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 5,187; 4,565; 4,190; dan 4,083 mg/m3. Emisi gas NOx yang dihasilkan pada pembakaran LPG 100% sebesar 18 ppm, sedangkan pada campuran LPG 90%:DME 10%, LPG 80%:DME 20%, LPG 65%:DME 35%, dan LPG 50%:DME 50%, emisi yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 10,425; 6,681; 6,870; dan 5,079 ppm. Emisi gas CO yang dihasilkan pada LPG 100% sebesar 9 ppm, sedangkan pada campuran LPG 90%:DME 10%, LPG 80%:DME 20%, LPG 70%:DME 30%, dan LPG 60%:DME 60%, emisi CO yang dihasilkan sebesar 7; 4; 3; dan 3 ppm. Masing-masing nyala yang dihasilkan pada campuran gas LPG-DME lebih biru dibandingkan gas LPG.

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In this research has been done mixing dimethyl ether (DME) and LPG as fuel, then test the exhaust emissions and flames from the burning fuel on the stove. DME is added to LPG by 10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 50% (v / v). Gas emissions in the analysis is the gas sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). The sampling of gas emissions of SOx and NOx using a Stack gas sampler (SGS), while the CO gas using a gas analyzer. SOx gases were analyzed using a spectrophotometer by the turbidimetri method while NOx gases were analyzed by the phenol disulfonic acid method. Effect the addition of DME to LPG is to lower emissions of SOx, NOx and CO. In the LPG 100%, SOx gas emissions generated is 5.85 mg/m3, while the LPG mixture of 90%: 10% DME, LPG 80%: 20% DME, LPG 65%: 35% DME and LPG 50%: DME 50%, SOx emissions are generated respectively are 5.187; 4.565; 4.190; and 4.083 mg/m3. NOx emissions generated on combustion of LPG 100% is 18 ppm, while the LPG mixture of 90%: 10% DME, LPG 80%: 20% DME, LPG 65%: 35% DME and LPG 50%: 50% DME, emissions produced respectively are 10.425; 6.681; 6.870; and 5.079 ppm. Emissions of CO gas is produced on 100% LPG is 9 ppm, while the LPG mixture of 90%: 10% DME, LPG 80%: 20% DME, LPG 70%: 30% DME and LPG 60%: 60% DME, emissions CO produced are 7; 4; 3; dan3 ppm. Each flame generated in LPG-DME gas mixture is more blue than the LPG gas. "