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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas mengenai sistem switching elektronik berbasis mikroprosesor Z-80 pada aplikasi perhotelan.Pada hotel yang mempunyai kamar yang banyak (lebih dari 100 kamar) akan dijumpai masalah mengenai keamanan, kenyamanan penghuni, kemudahan meng-akses fasilitas hotel, dan penghematan listrik. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, dalam penelitian ini diusulkan suatu solusi yang praktis, dengan membuat prototipe sistem switching elektronik berbasis mikroprosesor.Secara garis besar sistem ini terdiri beberapa bagian yaitu, bagian pengendali ruangan yang mencakup masukan dan keluaran serta komunikasi seral yang dihubungkan dengan komputer pusat. Bagian pengendali ruangan dikendalikan oleh suatu prosesor mikro Z-80 dan berfungsi untuk menerima perintah-perintah dari penghuni kamar, dan mengendalikan fasilitas-fasilitas yang ada dalam kamar tersebut, serta mengirimkan informasi tertentu kepada komputer pusat. Pengelola hotel dapat mengetahui kondisi ruangan kamar dengan mengakses komputer pusat, dengan demikian efisiensi manajemen fasilitas hotel dapat ditingkatkan."

"ABSTRAKA parallel optical switching system using array structure of planar microlens was developed. The optical switching device is much simpler and low costly compared with the electronic one because it is not necessary to convert optical signals to the electronics, execute the interchange and then reconvert back to optics. The concept of parallel optical switching is constructed by using array structure of planar microlens. Aligning on array form and making match between each lens input-output pairs of planar microlens array achieved parallel coupling of optical lines. Two sliding mirror pairs functions as optical signal switch, four 2x2 planar microlens array for focusing and collimating elements, two pairs of solenoids as magnetically force sources and a microcomputer to run control mechanism automatically between IFO ports used, are being constructed to develop a new optical networking switch. This switching system is equipped with controlling mechanism of switching direction by microcomputer. It uses parallel port of a PC and an interface that changes parallel output of PC data into the condition of voltage and current needed by moving Unit. (Solenoid). The switching performance was applied on transmission of digital modulated signal from signal generator and serial port of personnel computer. Using one input port and three output ports, the system perform four I/O ports of 2x2 parcel optical switching with 6,98 dB and 5,75 dB insertion losses for switched state and bypass state respectively and less than -- 57 dB cross talk obtained. "

"Saturated switching systems treats the problem of actuator saturation, inherent in all dynamical systems by using two approaches: positive invariance in which the controller is designed to work within a region of non-saturating linear behaviour and saturation technique which allows saturation but guarantees asymptotic stability. The results obtained are extended from the linear systems in which they were first developed to switching systems with uncertainties, 2D switching systems, switching systems with Markovian jumping and switching systems of the Takagi-Sugeno type. The text represents a thoroughly referenced distillation of results obtained in this field during the last decade. The selected tool for analysis and design of stabilizing controllers is based on multiple Lyapunov functions and linear matrix inequalities. All the results are illustrated with numerical examples and figures many of them being modelled using MATLAB®. "