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"The measurement of susoended sediment, particularly in field settings, is important in the documentation of sediment transport and deposition. Many measurement techniques have been used euth varying degrees of success. "

"The book serves as a unique integrated platform, which not only describes the design methodology of electro-hydraulic actuation systems but also provides insights into the design of the servo valve, which is the most important component in the system. It presents a step-by-step design process, comparative tables, illustrative figures, and detailed explanations. The book focuses on the design and testing of electro-hydraulic actuation systems, which are increasingly being used in motion control applications, particularly in those where precision actuation at high operational rates is of prime importance. It describes in detail the design philosophy of such high-performance systems, presenting a system used as a physical test setup together with experimental results to corroborate the calculations. Of particular interest are the electro-hydraulic servo valves that form the heart of these actuations. These valves are complex and not much data is available in open literature due to OEM propriety issues. In this context, the book discusses the elaborate mathematical models that have been derived and an approach to validate the mathematical models with test results. Presenting the complex methodology in simple language, it will prove to be a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professional engineers alike."

"ABSTRAKThe stable pools formed by spur dikes can be a significant factor for improving aquatic habitat in unstable degraded streams. Prediction of the volume and geometry of the scour hole associated with a spur dike yields information that is valuable for assessing the potential benefit to the aquatic habitat. Volumes of the scour hole in the vicinity of model spur dikes were measured in a laboratory flume under clear-water overtopping flows. Spur dike length, flow depth and shear velocity ratio were varied in the experiments and found to significantly influence the volume of the scour hole. For overtopping flows, the ratio of the flow depth to the spur dike height was found to be an important control on the geometry of the resulting scour hole. At higher flow depth to spur dike height ratios, the location of the maximum depth of scour changed from the upstream point of the dike toward the channel bank and caused a secondary scour zone to form downstream of the spur dike. A preliminary technique is proposed to predict the volume of scour for spur dikes perpendicular to the bank."

"Hidrolik merupakan salah satu sistem yang banyak dipakai di dunia industri, pada industri yang saling berkesinambungan antara satu dan lainnya waktu merupakan hal yang menjadi sorotan utama. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi perbandingan antara waktu dan beban yang ditanggung oleh suatu sistem Hidrolik untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara keduanya, diharapkan pada akhirnya data yang diperoleh dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan Industri di Indonesia.

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Hydraulic system is one that is widely used in industry, in a mutually sustainable industry between one and the other time is that the main focus. In this study conducted a comparative study between the time and expense incurred by a hydraulic system to determine the effect both of them, in the end the data that obtained its expected can be utilized for the development of industry in Indonesia."

"Pemilik bermaksud untuk meningkatkan kapasitas Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) yang ada. Tujuan proyek ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kapasitas sebesar 20%. Kapasitas CDU akan ditingkatkan dari 125 MBSD menjadi 150 MBSD dengan komposisi minyak mentah berat baru (maks. Sulfur 0,37% wt). Tujuan lain dari proyek ini adalah untuk memverifikasi dan merancang apakah peralatan dan sistem yang ada memadai untuk kapasitas baru dengan investasi minimum, biaya operasi dan periode penutupan minimum. Perubahan kapasitas produksi akan menyebabkan perubahan dinamika fluida yang mengalir pada jaringan pipa dan peralatan eksisting yang dapat mempengaruhi tekanan fluida. Perhitungan hidraulik diperlukan untuk memahami dampak kapasitas produksi terhadap perubahan tekanan melalui pipa. Modifikasi pada penyesuaian pressure drop control valve dapat memastikan bahwa tekanan fluida di tempat tujuan (battery limit/peralatan) dapat tercapai. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pipa dan sistem memadai untuk kapasitas baru dan tekanan pada battery limit dapat mengikuti persyaratan pemilik.

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Owner intends to upgrade the existing Crude Distillation Unit (CDU). The objective of project is to upgrade the capacity by 20%. The CDU capacity shall be increased from 125 MBSD to 150 MBSD with new heavy crude composition (max. sulphur 0.37%wt). Another objective of this project is to verify and design whether the existing equipment and systems are adequate for the new capacity with minimum investment, operating cost and minimum shutdown period. Changes in production capacity will lead to changes the dynamics of the fluid flowing in the existing pipelines and equipment which can affect fluid pressure. Hydraulic calculation is needed to understand impact of production capacity on pressure changes through the pipelines. Modification on pressure drop control valve adjustment can ensure that fluid pressure at the destination (battery limit/equipment) can be achieved. Result shown that pipelines and systems are adequate for the new capacity and pressure at battery limit can follow owner’s requirement. "