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"ABSTRACTIn-plane displacement of an object has been observed by using double beam method. The result of experiment shows that in-plane displacement in orde micro can be detected. The shearing strain, which can be detected, is namely 13.4 µm. In-plane displacement relates practical with the space change and the number of fringe that is detected by CCD. Based on the experiment and theory about speckle size. It can shown that speckle size can also cause the space change and the number of fringe. The change of space and number of in line with phase change. So this in-plane displacement can be used to detect phase beam change, which is modulated. And it is detected that the phase change is inverse by proportional with rotation value (a) and the amplitude is consideration with speckle size (Bo)."

"Pada umumnya sensor Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) bekerja berdasarkan pengamatan karakteristik respon spektral FBG terhadap besaran yang ingin dideteksi. Pada tesis ini dipelajari kemungkinan pemanfaatan respon intensitas FBG untuk mengamati besaran yang ingin dideteksi, khususnya regangan statis dan dinamis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas transmisi dan refleksi FBG berbanding lurus dengan regangan statis dan dinamis. Berdasarkan karakteristik FBG tersebut, dilakukan rancang bangun sensor getaran FBG untuk mendeteksi getaran pada frekuensi rendah. Sensor ini dibuat dengan cara menempelkan sebuah FBG pada kantilever berbahan perunggu dengan dimensi 85x3x0,5 mm. Hasil pengukuran pada rentang temperatur 25-45°C menunjukkan bahwa sensor ini dapat mendeteksi getaran dalam rentang frekuensi 7-10 Hz. Rentang frekuensi ini termasuk dalam rentang frekuensi aktivitas penggalian, sehingga dapat diterapkan pada sistem deteksi tindakan vandalisme pada jalur pipa minyak.

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In general, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor works based on the observation of spectral response characteristic to detect the desired parameter. In this thesis, we studied the possibility of using the FBG intensity response characteristic to detect the desired parameter, especially in static and dynamic strain. Experiment result show that the transmitted and reflected intensity have linier relationships with static and dynamic strain. Based on these characteristics, we developed the FBG sensor to detect low frequency vibration. This sensor is designed by attaching the FBG on the bronze cantilever with dimensions of 85x3x0.5 mm. Measurement results show that the sensor is able to detect vibrations in the frequency range of 7-10 Hz at a temperature range of 25-45°C. The measured frequency range is still within the frequency range of digging activity, therefore this vibration sensor can be applied on oil pipelines vandalisation detection system."

"Insulin adalah hormon yang disekresi oleh pankreas dan berfungsi mengatur kadar gula darah dalam tubuh. Gangguan pada sekresi insulin ataupun resistansi insulin dapat mengakibatkan diabetes. Bagi penderita diabetes yang memerlukan injeksi insulin, dosis yang tidak terpantau dapat berakibat fatal. Sehingga untuk memberikan diagnosis lebih akurat, pemantauan kadar gula darah dapat ditambah dengan pemantauan insulin. Dari beberapa metode analitik untuk deteksi insulin, elektrokimia adalah yang paling memungkinkan miniaturisasi perangkat dengan respon waktu cukup cepat dan biaya cenderung rendah. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini, sistem estimasi konsentrasi insulin akan dibangun dengan memanfaatkan perangkat analisis elektrokimia atau potensiostat yang bersifat portabel dan screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) termodifikasi multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) sebagai sensor. Perangkat dioperasikan secara nirkabel melalui mobile device sedangkan seluruh pengolahan data dilakukan pada server komputer terpisah yang dapat diakses dengan komunikasi REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Program Interface). Skema ini yang memungkinkan deteksi beserta hasil estimasinya dapat diproses secara real-time. Sistem estimasinya sendiri dilakukan berdasarkan hubungan arus puncak reaksi elektrokimia yang terjadi pada saat menjalankan Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) dengan nilai konsentrasi insulin. Pada penelitian ini performa sistem ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan prediktor luas permukaan elektroaktif sensor, karena performa sensor secara elektrokimia sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai luasan tersebut. Penambahan prediktor ini terbukti memberikan hasil estimasi dengan nilai R2 prediksi di atas 0,85 untuk ketiga data pengujian dari tiga sensor yang berbeda. Selain itu, prediktor luas permukaan juga diuji apakah memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dengan konsentrasi dan didapati p-value bernilai 0,006. Nilai yang lebih rendah dari 0,05 membuktikan bahwa prediktor luas elektroaktif tidak hanya meningkatkan R2 secara kebetulan melainkan memang adanya hubungan dengan konsentrasi dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.

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Administering incorrect dosage of insulin for diabetic patients can be fatal and result in severe health consequences. In addition to monitoring blood glucose levels, insulin detection can enhance diagnostic accuracy. Analytical methods, such as immunoassays and chromatography, although effective, are time-consuming and costly, making electrochemical methods more suitable for low-cost and portable applications. In this study, an insulin concentration estimation system was developed using a customized potentiostat that operates in real-time via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified with carboxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) have been utilized because of their enhanced surface area and compact size, which make them suitable for portable applications. The estimation system was enhanced by incorporating multiple predictors: the peak currents from the second and third cycles of cyclic voltammetry analysis and the electroactive surface area of the. Through cross-validation, our method showed strong performance, achieving a determination coefficient (R2) greater than 0.90 for all combinations of training datasets and greater than 0.85 for all combinations of testing datasets. Additionally, hypothesis testing revealed that the surface area had a statistically significant relationship with concentration, with a p-value of 0.006, indicating that adding this predictor does not enhance R2 due to random chance."

"In this research work an experiment on the application of fiber sensor for measuring an acoustic vibration has been carried out. A light beam from He-Ne laser source was into two arms of Mach tender Interferometer. Each arm of the interferometer was a piece of optical fiber with a length of 2 m.The beam transmitting through the sensing arm was modulated in phase by an acoustic vibration produced by a signal generator. The output of this fiber was interfered with the light radiated from the undisturbed fiber, the reference arm of the interferometer. A fringe counter measured a fringe shift due to the vibration of the acoustic signal. The measurement shows a good response in terms of the number of fringes with respects to the acoustic vibration in a frequency range of 10 Hz up to 40 Hz. It is concluded that the system is applicable to measure an acoustic vibration with an accuracy of 7 %."

"This book fulfills the global need to evaluate measurement results along with the associated uncertainty. In the book, together with the details of uncertainty calculations for many physical parameters, probability distributions and their properties are discussed. Definitions of various terms are given and will help the practicing metrologists to grasp the subject. The book helps to establish international standards for the evaluation of the quality of raw data obtained from various laboratories for interpreting the results of various national metrology institutes in an international inter-comparisons. For the routine calibration of instruments, a new idea for the use of pooled variance is introduced. The uncertainty calculations are explained for (i) independent linear inputs, (ii) non-linear inputs and (iii) correlated inputs. The merits and limitations of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) are discussed. Monte Carlo methods for the derivation of the output distribution from the input distributions are introduced. The Bayesian alternative for calculation of expanded uncertainty is included. A large number of numerical examples is included."