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"ABSTRACTMeningkatnya luas permukaan kedap air seperti lahan parkir menyebabkan berkurangnya infiltrasi alami ke dalam tanah sehingga berdampak pada meningkatnya volume limpasan air hujan. Limpasan air hujan mengandung berbagai macam polutan seperti logam berat, nutrien, organik maupun sedimen. Konsentrasi logam berat dan nutrien amonia yang terkandung dalam limpasan di lahan parkir mobil FTUI telah melebihi baku mutu berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82 Tahun 2001, yaitu Pb, Zn dan NH3 masing ndash;masing 0,73 mg/L, 0,39 mg/L dan 3,7 mg/L. Bioretensi merupakan salah satu LID yang dapat mengolah limpasan air hujan. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan pada bioretensi, maka dilakukan kombinasi pada media filter. Penelitian menggunakan 3 reaktor bioretensi skala pilot berukuran 30 30 80 cm3 dan tanaman Iris pseudacorus untuk mengetahui efisiensi penyisihan Pb, Zn dan NH3. Variasi komposisi media filter yang terdiri dari pasir kuarsa dan zeolit dibedakan pada setiap reaktor dengan perbandingan 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 berurut dari reaktor 1,2, dan 3. Setelah 5 kali pengaliran synthetic runoff dengan konsentrasi berbeda, hasil menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi influen memiliki pengaruh yang kecil yaitu 20-40 terhadap persentase penyisihan logam berat dan amonia. Rata-rata efisiensi penyisihan bioretensi 1, 2 dan 3 berturut ndash;turut yaitu 91, 78, 83 untuk Pb, 88, 95, 94 untuk Zn dan 97, 98, 96 untuk NH3. Kombinasi media filter pasir kuarsa dan zeolit terbukti meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 11,5 untuk NH3, 18 Pb dan 20 Zn yang dibandingkan dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Tanaman menyerap polutan sebesar 18 dengan akar menyerap 9-14 kali lebih besar daripada daun, sedangkan media filter menyerap 70 polutan. Bioretensi dengan komposisi 35 pasir kuarsa, 40 zeolit, 10 tanah dan 10 kompos serta Iris pseudacorus diusulkan sebagai kombinasi media filter dengan kinerja terbaik untuk peningkatan efisiensi penyisihan.

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ABSTRACTIncreasing impervious surface areas such as parking lots cause a reduction in natural infiltration into the soil, resulting in an increase in stormwater runoff volume. Stormwater runoff contains a variety of pollutants such as heavy metals, nutrients, organic and sediments. The concentration of heavy metals and nutrients ammonia contained in stormwater runoff in FTUI rsquo s car park has exceeded the quality standard of Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001, such as Pb, Zn and NH3 approximately 0,73 mg L 0,39 mg L and 3,7 mg L, respectively. Bioretention is one of the LID that can affecting treat stormwater runoff. To increase removal efficiency on bioretention, a combination of filter media is applied. Observation was conducted on a pilot scale using three reactor each 30 30 80 cm3 and Iris pseudacorus as plant to determine removal efficiency of Pb, Zn and NH3. Variation of filter media composition consists of quartz sand and zeolite with ratio 1 3, 1 1, 3 1, on bioretention 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After 5 times running of synthetic runoff with different concentration, the results showed that variations in influent concentrations has a small effect of 20 40 on the removal efficiency of heavy metals and ammonia. The average removal efficiency of bioretention 1, 2 and 3 for Pb was 91, 78, 83, respectively, followed 88, 95, 94 for Zn and 97, 98, 96 for NH3. The combination of quartz sand and zeolite as filter media proved to increase the removal efficiency by 11,5 for NH3, 18 Pb and 20 Zn compared to previous research. The plants absorb pollutants by 18 with roots absorbing 9 14 times larger than leaves, while filter media absorbing 70 pollutants. Bioretention with a combination of filter media with composition of 35 quartz sand, 40 zeolite, 10 soil, 10 compost and Iris pseudacorus is proposed to have best performance to increasing removal efficiency. "

"ABSTRAKAir bersih merupakan elemen yang memiliki banyak manfaat dalam kelangsungan makhluk hidup. Air bersih dan air minum yang tidak memenuhi standar persyaratan masih dapat ditemukan di seluruh dunia. Salah satu metode yang mampu mengatasi kualitas air yang kurang baik adalah dengan pengolahan air. Intermittent slow sand filter merupakan salah satu sistem pengolahan air yang efektif dalam menyisihkan kontaminan. Pasir silika dan zeolite juga dikenal sebagai media dengan penyisihan kontaminan yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis karakteristik dan efisiensi hasil pengolahan air permukaan dengan dua media filter yang berbeda terhadap parameter besi, mangan, kekeruhan, dan koliform. Filter terbuat dari drum berkapasitas 150 liter dengan media pasir silika dan zeolite. Sistem filter pertama terdiri dari kombinasi media pasir silika dan zeolite, dimana pada lapisan pertama merupakan pasir silika dengan ES 0,15-0,20 mm dan UC 2,54, pada lapisan kedua merupakan zeolite dengan ES 0,45-0,70 mm dan UC 2,24, dan pada lapisan ketiga merupakan pasir silika dengan ES 0,45-0,70 mm dan UC 1,5. Sistem filter kedua terdiri dari dua lapisan pasir silika dengan ES 0,15-0,20 mm dan UC 1,5 pada lapisan pertama, dan ES 0,45-0,70 mm dan UC 2,22 pada lapisan kedua. Sumber air yang digunakan berasal dari Danau Mahoni Universitas Indonesia yang telah mengalami proses prasedimentasi. Pengoperasian saringan dilakukan secara intermittent dengan variasi waktu yang berbeda yaitu 2 jam, 1 hari, dan 2 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa saringan intermittent dapat menyisihkan kadar pencemar yang terkait dengan besi, mangan, kekeruhan, dan fekal koliform. Intermittent filter dengan kombinasi media pasir silika dan zeolite memiliki efisiensi pengolahan terhadap parameter kekeruhan sebesar 5,20-44,40%, besi sebesar 87,18-100%, mangan sebesar 33,33-100%, dan koliform sebesar 60,47-100%. Intermitttent filter dengan media pasir silika dapat menyisihkan kekeruhan berkisar 80,30-94,99%, besi berkisar 98,15-100%, mangan berkisar 33,33-100%, dan koliform berkisar 83,72-100%.

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ABSTRACTClean water is an element that has many benefits in the survival of living things. Clean water and drinking water that does not meet the standard requirements can still be found throughout the world. One method that is able to overcome poor water quality is by water treatment. Intermittent slow sand filter is one of the most effective water treatment system in removing contaminants. Silica sand and zeolite are also known as media with good removal of contaminants. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and efficiency of suface water treatment with two different filter media on the parameters of iron, manganese, turbidity, and coliform. Filters are made from drums with a capacity of 150 liters with medias of silica sand and zeolite. The first filter contains a combination of silica sand and zeolite media where the first layer is silica sand with ES 0,15-0,20 mm and UC 2,54, the second layer is zeolite with ES 0,45-0,70 mm and UC 2,24, and the third layer is silica sand with ES 0,15-0,20 mm and UC 1,5. The second filter contains two layers of silica sand with ES 0,15-0,20 mm and UC 1,5 in the first layer, and ES 0,45-0,70 mm and UC 2,22 in the second layer. The source of water used is from Mahoni Lake in University of Indonesia, which has undergone a process of pre-sedimentation. Filter operation is carried out intermittently with different time variations, which are 2 hours, 1 day, and 2 days. The results shows that the intermittent filter can remove contaminants associated with iron, manganese, turbidity, and fecal coliform. Intermittent filter with a combination of silica sand zeolite media have a processing efficiency on parameters of turbidity as much as 5,20-31,51%, iron as much as 87,18-100%, manganese as much as 33,33-100%, and coliform as much as 60,47-100%. The intermittent slow sand filter can remove turbidity ranging from 80,30-94,99%, iron ranges from 98,15-100%, manganese ranging from 33,33-100%, and coliform ranging from 83,72-100%."

"Peningkatan nilai konstruksi setiap tahunnya di berbagai provinsi di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa industri konstruksi terus mengalami pertumbuhan. Seiring pertumbuhan konstruksi yang pesat di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, peningkatan biaya konstruksi pun terus meningkat. Hal tersebut mendorong pelaku dunia konstruksi di Indonesia untuk dapat melakukan optimasi terhadap biaya dan kualitas proyek yang dihasilkan. Optimasi dilakukan untuk memperoleh hasil terbaik dari kondisi yang diberikan sebagai suatu batasan atau masalah. Pada bidang konstruksi, optimasi sangat perlu dilakukan pada aktivitas pekerjaan dengan tingkat ketidakpastian uncertainty yang tinggi seperti hal nya pekerjaan pondasi. Dalam mendesain pondasi, khususnya pondasi dangkal sedikitnya terdapat tiga persyaratan dasar yang perlu dipenuhi, yaitu ultimate limit state ULS, serviceability limit state SLS, dan ekonomis. Pada umumnya, dalam mendesain suatu pondasi dangkal pengoptimalan hanya berfokus pada ULS dan SLS, sedangkan aspek biaya ditinjau setelahnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pendekatan optimasi yang secara eksplisit mampu mempertimbangkan aspek ekonomi dalam desain konstruksi guna menghasilkan pondasi yang memiliki biaya konstruksi paling minimum.

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Enhancement of construction value each year in every province in Indonesia shows that industrial construction has been growing since. As the rapid growth of construction in every districts in Indonesia, cost of construction has also been increasing. That matters to encourage the perpretators in construction sector in Indonesia to optimize the projects cost and project qualities result. Optimization is performed to obtain the best result from the given conditions as a limitation or a problem. In construction sector, optimization is an important thing to do in the high uncertainty activity such as foundation activity.

In designing foundation, especially shallow foundation, there are three fundamental requirements, namely ultimate limit state ULS , serviceability limit state SLS, and economic. Generally, ULS and SLS are focused only in optimization of designing a shallow foundation, meanwhile cost aspects are reviewed later. Therefore, optimization approach is needed, that explicitly able to consider economic aspects in designing construction to result foundation that has the most minimum construction cost. "

"Water is one of the very necessary essence in human life aspects, which education is being one of them. As one of the best universities in Indonesia, University of Indonesia provides and find some ways to save clean water by minimizing the use amount of it, especially to reduce groundwater uses, as its noted in the UI GreenMetric purpose of clean water category. However, one of the faculties in UI, which is the Faculty of Nursing (FIK UI), have used a massive amount of groundwater in 2018 and 2019, with the amount number being 2.115.240 litres and 2.010.960 litres respectivel. FIK UI must find an alternative of water source other than groundwater, such as surface water. The purpose of this research is to design a water treatment system using the Agathis UI Lake water as the source to serve FIK UI need of clean water until 2042. The operation unit being the main focus of this designing process is the filtration using slow sand filter with silica sand and granular activated carbon as the filter medias, which both known effective to reduce iron, manganese, and fecal coliform concentration in raw water as the three parameters are important criterias in the Indonesias Health Minister Rule number 492 year 2010 about The Criterias of Drinking Water Quality. The amount of clean water need of FIK UI projected is 2,82 L/s. This design based on literatures and legal standards, especially in deciding the removal efficiency of the three parameters being said before of the slow sand filter. Based on the review of literatures, journals, and experiment results being done by others, the slow sand filter of this water treatment design can reach the removal efficiency of iron, manganese, and fecal coliform by 95,07%; 97,09%; and 99% respectively if the filter have 60 cm thick of silica sand above and 40 cm of granular activated carbon underneath the sand. One intake unit, two suction wells with two centrifugal pumps, one conveyance system, two slow sand filter units, one disinfection and reservoir unit, and two filter media cleaning units created to produce 3,8 L/s of clean water for FIK UI until 2042."

"Air merupakan unsur alam yang sangat penting untuk setiap makhluk hidup. Berdasarkan sumbernya saat ini banyak sumber air permukaan yang telah tercemari maka dari itu perlu adanya pengolahan sebelum menggunakan air permukaan dan salah satu metodenya yaitu filtrasi dengan jenis saringan pasir lambat dikarena berdasarkan beberapa literatur saringan pasir lambat cocok digunakan dengan nilai kekeruhan dibawah 50 NTU. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan referensi kepada UI terutama Fakultas Teknik UI terkait dengan unit-unit pengolahan air dan desainnya berdasarkan kualitas sumber air baku yaitu Danau Mahoni UI. Pengolahan air baku berfokus pada unit filtrasi dengan jenis saringan pasir lambat yang bermediakan zeolit dan pasir silika untuk menghilangkan besi dan mangan dengan komposisi 1,2 mg/L dan 1,3 mg/L. Filtrasi diharapkan dapat melayani Fakultas Teknik UI sampai dengan 2042 dan setelah dilakukan proyeksi kebutuhan air bersih pada tahun 2042 dibutuhkan air bersih sebanyak 19,67 L/detik. Pada perancangan unit ini data yang digunakan untuk berasal dari beberapa jurnal seperti nilai ketebalan zeolit 30 cm, silika 60 cm, kecepatan filtrasi 0,2 m/jam, dan efisiensi 95% serta waktu detensi 24 jam dan hasil perhitungan, penulis mendapatkan luas setiap unit yaitu bangunan intake 10,8 m2, bak penghubung 5,4 m2, suction well 7,9 m2, roughing filter 142,56 m2, slow sand filter 532 m2, bak pencuci media 361 m2, desinfeksi 12,96 m2, reservoir 141,12 m2, dan rumah pompa distribusi 9 m2. Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur dan perhitungan yang dilakukan diharapkan air hasil pengolahan dapat memenuhi kualitas air menurut Permenkes RI No 492 tahun 2010.

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Water is one of the natural elements that is very important for every living thing. Based on the current sources, many surface water sources have been contaminated and therefore need further treatment before using it. Theres many possible way to treatment surface water and one of the methods is filtration using a slow sand filter because based on some literature, slow sand filters are suitable for use with turbidity values below 50 NTU. This study aims to provide a reference to the University of Indonesia, especially the Faculty of Engineering related to water treatment units and design based on the quality of raw water sources located on Lake Mahoni University of Indonesia. Raw water treatment focuses on filtration units with a type of slow sand filter that provides zeolite and silica sand to remove iron and manganese with a composition of 1.2 mg/L and 1.3 mg/L. This filtration is expected to serve the Faculty of Engineering until 2042 and after projecting, 19,67 L/s of clean water is needed until 2042. In this study, the design of the unit that will be used are intake building, suction well, centrifugal pump, closed transmission line, slow sand filter, disinfection, reservoir, and distribution pump housing. The data used for this design come from several journals such as media thickness, filtration speed, and removal efficiency values ​​with a thickness value of 30 cm zeolite, silica 60 cm, filtration speed 0.2 m/hour, and 95% efficiency and detention time 24 hours. The calculation results show that the area of each unit needed are 10,8 m2 for intake building 5,4 m2 for connecting rods, suction well around 7.9 m2, roughing filter 142,56 m2, slow sand filter around 532 m2, media washing basin around 361 m2, disinfection around 12,96 m2, reservoir around 141,12 m2, and 9 m2 for distribution pump house; and by that the treated water can comply with water quality standards according to the PERMENKES No 492 in 2010."

"in this research, thickness of two layers anti-reflection coating MRC) with refractive index na, of the endfacet of weakly-guiding semiconductor (compound ill-V), has been optimised to single Transverse Electro-Magnetic (TEM) mode: in order that reflectance had less than 0, 0001. Reflection at the boundary is exactlyanalogous to transmission-line models, with the result that continuity relation using dyadic admitance Y andimpedance Z operators at transverse plane, also by replacing the waveguide with homogeneous medium ofequivalent refractive index neg is equal to core refractive index nq 3 nm where wide of the wave guide canbe represented of active layer wideness w. Through the differential operator, backward electric field can beform by matrix elements R, of reflection of interface, in such a way that reflectance at the plane z=0 isobtained Double layers response frequencies at wavelength = 1, 55 tan operating, produced the thickness/T/4 with n=1,46 (Si02) or 2,5870 (Si3N4 ZnSe). Difference of both refractive indexes (n,,,_;;=1'1,,,.1), minimumreflectance is 0, 58 .1040 practically is zero) with optimum thickness Z/3 = 0,1938 um."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini mempelajari mengenai pengaruh penggunaan geotextile woven pada lapisan tanah yang tidak homogen melalui uji triaxial unconsolidated undrained. Variabel yang meliputi pada penelitian ini adalah jumlah dari lapisan geotextile woven, tekanan sel dan ukuran sampel pengujian yang berbeda. Pengujian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan berbedanya ukuran sampel dan tekanan sel yang diberikan akan memberikan hasil yang berbeda mulai dari hasil parameter kuat gesernya seperti nilai kohesi c dan sudut geser ? , pola keruntuhan serta peak strength yang terjadi. Pola keruntuhan yang terjadi pada sampel kecil yang berdiameter 35,6 mm dengan tekanan sel yang diberikan sebesar 50, 100 dan 150 kPa menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas terjadi kegagalan pada lapisan pasirnya. Sedangkan pada tekanan sel sebesar 500, 1000 dan 1500 kPa untuk sampel besar yang berdiameter 99,1 mm mengalami kegagalan pada lapisan tanah merah. Selubung keruntuhan yang terjadi pada sampel besar dengan adanya perkuatan memiliki pola yang lebih linier jika dibandingkan dengan sampel kecil.

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ABSTRACTThis research studies the influence of geotextile woven in different layers of soil with triaxial unconsolidated undrained tests. The variables include the number of geotextile layers, cell pressure and size of sample. This test indicates the difference of sample size will give different results in parameters of shear strength such as cohesion c dan friction angle , collapse pattern and peak strength. The pattern of collapse occuring in a small sample of 35.6 mm in diameter with a given cell pressure of 50, 100, and150 kPa indicates that the majority of failures occur in sand layer. Whereas in cell pressure of 500, 1000 and 1500 kPa for large sample of 99.1 mm in diameter failure occurring at red soil layer. Failure envelope in large sample with reinforcement have more linear pattern if compared with the small size sample."