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"Skripsi ini membahas tentang pengaruh ajaran Buddha dan Konfusianisme yang berkembang di Korea terhadap tata cara dan makna ritual pemakaman dan peringatan arwah yang dilakukan masyarakat Korea. Namun, penulis membatasi masalah ini pada ritual yang dilaksanakan sebelum mendapat pengaruh agama Kristen dan perkembangan modernisasi. Sebelum membahas topik tersebut, penulis juga membahas mengenai pandangan masyarakat Korea mengenai kematian dan kehidupan setelah kematian yang dijadikan dasar dilaksanakannya kedua ritual tersebut. Dari penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini, disimpulkan adanya pengaruh yang kuat dari ajaran Buddha dan Konfusianisme dalam makna dan pelaksanaan ritual pemakaman dan peringatan arwah dalam masyarakat Korea dan kedua ritual tersebut tetap dilaksanakan secara turun-temurun hingga sekarang ini.

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AbstractThis thesis discusses the influence of Buddhism and Confucianism that developed in Korea toward the procedure and meaning of funeral and memorial services performed in Korean society. However, the author limits this problem in the rituals conducted prior to the influence of Christianity and the development of modernization. Before addressing the topic, the author also discussed the Korean society views of death and life after death which is used as the basis of the implementation of both the ritual. From this descriptive qualitative research, we can conclude the existence of the strong influence of Buddhism and Confucianism in the meaning and implementation of funeral and memorial services in Korean society and the rituals are still carried out by generations until today."

"ABSTRAKTeh merupakan minuman yang berasal dari negara Cina. Teh selain dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Cina sebagai minuman sehari-hari untuk memuaskan dahaga, sering pula dikonsumsi pada saat bermeditasi, untuk tujuan menjaga kesehatan, dan menjaga ketenangan hati. Semangat di dalam teh mendasari karakter masyarakat Cina. Budaya minum teh ini dapat pula dikaitkan dengan hubungan tiga dasar konsep pemikiran Konfusianisme, Buddhisme dan Taoisme. Tiga dasar pemikiran ini menjadi landasan berpikir masyarakat Cina dalam menjalani kehidupan mereka. Secara khusus, jurnal ini meneliti tentang teh yang mempunyai makna penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat Cina yang berkaitan dengan konsep pemikiran Konfusianisme, Buddhisme dan Taoisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini adalah metode kualitatif yang memaparkan bahwa teh ternyata memang mempunyai makna yang amat penting bagi orang Cina dan berhubungan erat dengan konsep pemikiran Konfusianisme, Buddhisme dan Taoisme.

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ABSTRACTTea is a drink from China. Tea is consumed by Chinese people as a daily drink to quench thirst, often consumed during meditation, for the purpose of maintaining health, and maintaining peace of mind. The spirit in tea underlies the character of Chinese society. The culture of tea drinking can also be linked to the relationship of the three basic ideas of Confucius, Buddhism and Daoist. These three rationale are the foundation of Chinese peoples thinking in living their lives. In particular, this journal examines tea which has important significance for the lives of Chinese people related to the thought concepts of Confucius, Buddhism and Daoists. The research method used in this journal is a qualitative method which explains that tea does indeed have a very important meaning for Chinese people and is closely related to the concept of thought of Confucius, Buddhism and Daoist."

"ABSTRACTThis dissertation discusses tau-tau as one of the funeral equipment (mmbu solo?) forthe Torajan noble society (lana' bulaan). Tau-tau is a ?statue? of a deceased person.There are 3 kinds of tau-tau: tau-tau nangka', tau-tau lampa?, and batelepong. After afuneral, only tau-tau nangka is placed on top of a cliff, alongside other previous tau-taunangira, while tau-tau lampa and batelepong are thrown to the shrubs.At first, tau-tau was worshiped and mourned by the Aluk to Dolo Torajan family andcommunity, but as the Torajan people left the Aluk to Dolo belief and most changetheir belief to Christiani or some change to Islam, tau-tau is no longer worshiped andmourned, but used to maintain and reinforce nobility. Therefore, tau-tau Aluk to Dolorituals are modified according to the belief of a family who practice the ritual.The phenomenon mentioned above is a general picture and a small part of tau-tau'sexistence and rituals in the past to present. Therefore, it is interesting to study it further;although Aluk to Dolo belief is gradually left behind by the Torajan people, almost allthe principles are still practiced in various rituals, to maintain custom and tradition inTorajan.This research's question is how the Torajan community conducts funeral where tau-tauis still made as a symbol of Torajan's nobility (although they do not practice Aluk toDolo), and the use of it in social life and rambu solo'ritual which are conducted byTorajan Aluk to Dolo community and modern Torajan community.This research uses Radcliffe-Brown's structure and function concept (1952), Durkheim(1954), Turner (1957, 1974), who suggest that religion reflects the structure of a socialsystem, and functions to maintain the system throughout time. Structure and function concept sees the community as a system of social structures. Structure in this case isreal pattems of relations or interactions among various social components - pattemswhich relatively last longer because those interactions occur in an approximatelyorganized way (Saifuddin, 2009. The function of religion is an effort to strengthen andreaffirm social solidarity, and as something that has a signilicant symbol to a group orcommunity. The existence of tau-tau?s function and meaning which continuouslychanged and modified (no longer suitable with Aluk to Dolo), is an indication that thetau-tau they made no longer has a sacred meaning.Findings in this research are: 1) Tau-tau is a personification, regarded as a reincarnationand the residence of the deccased?s spirit after a series of Aluk to Dolo ceremonies.Tau-tau is accepted as a depiction of the deceased, not only shaped by association ofcostume and ritual which affirms tau-tau as a ?reincarnation? of the deceased, but alsocaused by the positive response from Torajan conununity which submits to and acceptsthe lau-tau and considers it resembles, even similar to the deceased. This made tau-tauis highly respected and worshiped by the family and Torajan community in general, asif the person is still alive. 2) Tau-tau represents nobility. This is because the making oftau-tau is based on social stratification in Aluk to Dolo, which is still held firmly byToraja community up until now. Tau-tau as a representation of nobility also shows inhow attributes, costume, and how the costume is worn by tau-tau. For example, theheadband (passapu) on men, chignon (simbolon) on women, clothes (bayu), knee-length trousers (seppa tallu buku), sarong (dodo), puch to store betel and nut (sepu).In daily life, only noble society is allowed to wear the costume, while common peopleare not allowed to.Conclusion: The outcome of this research shows that the production of tau-tau as oneof the funeral equipments in Toraja?s noble families up to this day, has a close relationto an elfort of reaffirmation and reconfirmation in group solidarity, and has a significantsymbol in the families' social status in many ways, particularly in ceremonies where it isvery respected by the Toraja community. The existence of tau-tau in a Toraja's noblefamily funeral was a part of a religious ritual, Aluk to Dolo. Therefore, it is not easy fora noble to remove a habit of making a tau-tau or a statue portraying a deceased person,even though they have left Aluk to Dolo belief.Therefore, there are different kinds of tau-tau that consist of: 1) Original tau-tau (tau-tau Aluk to Dolo). It has a simple shape, not proportional, and entirely different fromthe deceased, placed at the funeral site, a spirit is believed to reside in the tau-tau, andis sacred. 2) Realistic tau-tau (Christian tau-tau). ldeal in shape and proportion, andresembles the deceased, placed at the funeral site, and profane. 3) Portrait statue. Theshape, proportion and its style consider more on the artistic value to replicate thedeceased, and placed in houses as an artwork. 4) Souvenir tau-tau. Made with variousshapes, sizes, and materials, and sold around the funeral site and souvenir stores inRantepao and Makale."

"Kebutuhan masyarakat akan pelayanan pemakaman yang baik dapat memberikan suasana yang aman, nyaman, bebas banjir, pungli dan penggusuran serta memiliki kepastian hukum yang jelas. Hal tersebut menyebabkan banyak bermunculan pemakaman dengan konsep eksklusif. Di Indonesia sendiri pemakaman eksklusif ini sudah banyak salah satunya yaitu San Diego Hills Memorial Parks and Funeral Homes Pemakaman eksklusif merupakan salah satu kebutuhan masyarakat yang belum begitu diatur dan diperhatikan oleh pemerintah.Di Indonesia, tempat pemakaman diatur oleh Pemerintah Negara Republik Indonesia di bawah Departemen Dalam Negeri yang diatur berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1987 tentang Penyediaan dan Penggunaan Tanah Untuk Keperluan Tempat Pemakaman dan Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 26 Tahun 1989 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1987. masalah status kepemilikan tanah serta objek dan subjek dalam pembelian tanah untuk pemakaman eksklusif juga belum mendapatkan pengaturan yang jelas di Indonesia. Untuk itu tesis ini meneliti status hukum tanah dan keabsahan dari perjanjian kepemilikan tanah Untuk Pemakaman Eksklusif Di San Diego Hills Memorial Park And Funeral Homes.Dalam penyusunan dan penulisan tesis ini metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian tesis ini adalah Yuridis Normatif, dengan tipologi penelitiannya adalah penelitian eksplanatoris, yaitu suatu bentuk penelitian yang menggambarkan serta menjelaskan lebih dalam mengenai suatu gejala. Suatu gejala akan dipaparkan kemudian dikaitkan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan teori-teori hukum, sehingga akan dihasilkan suatu penyelesaian terhadap gejala tersebut. Dalam hal ini mengacu pada peraturan terkait dengan pemakaman dan juga pertanahan.Dari hasil penelitian terdapat beberapa penyimpangan terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1987 tentang Penyediaan dan Penggunaan Tanah Untuk Keperluan Tempat Pemakaman antara lain dari status tanah pemakaman, bukti kepemilikan, subjek dan objek dalam perjanjian kepemilikan tanah pemakaman di San Diego Hills Memorial Park And Funeral Homes.

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Community needs good funeral service that can provide safe environment, comfortable, free from flood, extortion and displacement as well as having a clear legal certainty. This causes many emerging cemeteries with exclusive concept. In Indonesia, there are many exclusive funerals, one of them is San Diego Hills Memorial Parks Cemeteries and Funeral Homes. As a people needs exclusive funeral have not been organized and cared for by the government.In Indonesia, where the funeral arranged by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia under the Ministry of the Interior are regulated under Government Regulation No. 9 of 1987 on the Provision and Use of Land for the Need of Cemetery and the Minister of Home Affairs Number 26 of 1989 on Guidelines for government regulation No. 9 of 1987. Issue of land ownership status as well as object and subject in the purchase of land for an exclusive cemetery is also not yet to get a clear regulation in Indonesia. Therefore, this thesis examines the legal status of the land and the validity of the ownership agreement for exclusive cemetery at San Diego Hills Memorial Park and Funeral Homes.In arranging this thesis and the method used in this thesis is through normative juridical, with the typology of research is explanatory research, which is a form of research that describes and explains more about the symptom. A phenomenon will be discussed later associated with the legislation and legal theories, therefore it will be a solution to these symptoms, this case refers to the regulations related to the funeral and also land.From the research, there were some deviations from the Government Regulation No. 9 of 1987 on the Provision and Use of Land for Cemetery Purposes, such as the status of the cemetery, proof of ownership, the subject and object of the funeral land ownership treaty in San Diego Hills Memorial Park and Funeral Homes."

"Fenomena molka merupakan kasus kekerasan berupa foto atau rekaman video tanpa izin dengan menggunakan kamera berukuran kecil dan tersembunyi. Sementara itu norma Konfusianisme sebagai norma yang mengatur hubungan antarmanusia termasuk hubungan antara laki-laki dan perempuan di Korea Selatan dianggap turut andil dalam berkembangnya fenomena molka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak norma Konfusianisme pada penyebaran luas fenomena molka di Korea Selatan, dengan fokus pada perempuan sebagai objek utama. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan teknik studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa norma Konfusianisme berkontribusi pada pembentukan budaya patriarki yang kuat di struktur sosial Korea Selatan. Budaya patriarki ini, secara erat terkait dengan fenomena molka karena memicu ketidaksetaraan gender. Perempuan menjadi objek dalam fenomena molka karena didukung oleh pandangan masyarakat yang menempatkan perempuan dalam hierarki yang lebih rendah dan posisi subordinate.

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Molka phenomenon involves cases of violence where photos or videos are taken without consent using small and hidden cameras. Meanwhile, Confucianism norms which regulate interpersonal relationships, including those between men and women in South Korea are considered to play a role in the development of the molka phenomenon. This study aims to analyze the impact of Confucianism norms on the widespread occurrence of the molka phenomenon in South Korea, with a focus on women as the primary subjects. The method employed in this study is qualitative descriptive using literature review techniques. The research findings indicate that Confucianism norms contribute to the formation of a strong patriarchal culture in the social structure of South Korea. This patriarchal culture is closely linked to the molka phenomenon as it triggers gender inequality. Women become the subjects of the molka phenomenon due to societal perspectives that place them in a lower hierarchy and subordinate position."

"Skripsi ini mengkaji kesiapan pelayanan pengurusan pemakaman online di Dinas Pertamanan dan Pemakaman DKI Jakarta. Pelayanan pemakaman online dibuat untuk mengatasi berbagai permasalahan pelayanan pemakaman di Jakarta. Namun sampai saat ini pelayanan pengurusan pemakaman online belum berjalan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan paradigma post postivist dan desain deskriptif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan belum siapnya beberapa faktor terkait dengan kesiapan electronic government dan kesiapan public e service seperti kurangnya kesiapan infrastruktur telekomunikasi kurangnya tingkat konektivitas antar lembaga dalam hal sharing berbagi data terkait dengan data pemakaman kurangnya kesiapan sumber daya manusia dan belum siapnya dana dan anggaran.

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This thesis discusses about the readiness of arrangement funeral online services in Dinas Pertamanan dan Pemakaman Jakarta. Funeral online services were made to overcome the problems of funeral services in Jakarta. However the funeral online services have not been implemented This research used post positivist paradigm and descriptive design.

The results showed unreadiness to several factors associated with electronic government readiness and public e service readiness such as the lack of readiness of the telecommunications infrastructure lack the level of connectivity among institutions in terms of sharing data related to the funeral the lack of readiness of human resources and unprepared funds and budget."

"he History of Death explores the compelling subject of death, burial, and the afterlife in varied cultures, societies, and ages. Examines the various approaches to funerals, from sky burials in Tibet and mummification in Egypt, to being left to rot in the family home in Indonesia. Balances grim facts with intriguing details, such as remarkable burial requests, extravagant funerals, human sacrifice, and ritual killings. Illustrated throughout with photographs and artworks of representations of death and funerary rituals throughout history up to the present day""

"Skripsi ini membahas upaya-upaya dalam mencapai pemahaman hakikat manusia menurut ajaran Konfusianisme Korea secara umum serta melalui contoh-contoh relasi antara manusia dengan alam semesta yang disebutkan dalam ajaran Konfusianisme Korea. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa studi tentang hakikat manusia dalam Konfusianisme Korea memiliki pencapaian pemahaman yang berbeda dengan aliran filsafat timur lainnya seperti Buddhisme, Taoisme dan Konfusianisme Klasik. Melalui hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Konfusianisme Korea memuat salah satu bentuk pemahaman filsafat diri.

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This study focuses on the attempts to understand human nature through general teachings of Korean Confucianism and examples of relations between man and the universe mentioned in the teachings. This study is qualitative with descriptive analytic design. The study result shows that the concept of human nature in Korean Confucianism has a different way of understanding compared to other eastern philosophy such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Classic Confucianism. It can be concluded that Korean Confucianism includes a form of philosophy of self."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang pengaruh ajaran Konfusianisme yang berkembang di Korea Selatan terhadap persaingan pemerolehan pendidikan tinggi di masyarakat modern Korea Selatan. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari ajaran Konfusianisme terhadap persaingan dalam pendidikan di masyarakat modern Korea Selatan melalui nilai-nilai familisme, chemyeon, grupisme, elitisme, dan paternalisme. Nilai-nilai tersebut mendorong masyarakat Korea untuk bersaing dengan ketat demi meraih pendidikan terbaik yang mengindikasikan pada masa depan yang cerah.

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This thesis discusses about the influence of Confucianism towards education competitiveness in modern Korea society. Using descriptive analysis method, the analysis focuses on the values of Confucianism and its relation to the phenomenons of education competition in modern Korean Society, particularly in the acquisition of higher education. The result shows that Confucianism gives strong influence on education competition in Korean modern society through its familism, chemyeon, groupism, elitism, and paternalism values. Those values encourage Korean society to strictly compete in order to achieve the best education that indicates a bright future."