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"Homegarden Ecology : The Structure, Pattern of Homegarden and Correlation Between Economic - Social Factors of People Community Around Lembah Harau Nature Reserve West Sumatra and Plant Diversity. A research has been done on the structure and pattern of homegarden and correlation between economic - social factors of people community and plant diversity. The research was conducted in two villages around the Lembah Harau Nature Reserve (LHNR), Harau subdistrict, the regencies of Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra. The villages are Desa Harau, located in the north side of LHNR, and Desa Tarantang Lubuk Limpato, located in south side and the west side of LHNR. The data were collected from October 2000 up to January 2001. The research was non experimental with a Stratified Random Sampling Method. Data of plant density, frequency, and dominance were used to calculate Important value index, Shannon diversity index (H), Jaccard similarity index (ISJ), and Shannon equitability index (E). The community economic - social factors data, as independent variables, and the plant diversity, as a dependent variable, were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis to produce the regression equality model. This research found 270 species of plants from 76 family. The plants were grouped into 11 categories. There were 33 species of fruit plants, 23 species of industrial plants, 29 species of vegetable plants, 60 species of traditionally medicinal plants, 3 species of food plants, 21 species of flavor plants, 62 species of ornamental plants, 5 species of plants for spiritual events, 8 species of traditional cosmetic plants, 55 species of weeds, and the remaining 47 species grouped into miscellaneous plants. The patterns of homegarden usage were different in two villages. In Desa Tarantang Lubuk Limpato the tree level was dominated by industrial plants and the belta level was dominated by fruit plants. On the other hand, in Desa Harau the tree level was dominated by fruit plants and the belta level was dominated by industrial plants. Artocarpus dadah, Artocarpus elasticus, Ficus ampelas, Ficus annulata, Ficus auranticea, Ficus benjamina, Ficus glandulifera, Ficus parietalis, Ficus caulocarpa, and Ficus aurata from Moraceae family were grown and spread surround the homegarden and their bennefit are still unknown by the local society. The pattern of plant stratification showed the stratification pattern was similar to a forest. Based on the formation of canopy coat, there were five strata, i.e. stratum A (>20m), stratum B (15-20m), stratum C (10-15m), stratum D (5-10m), dan stratum E (0-5m). The diversity of plant species at homegarden for tree level were strongly correlated with size of homegarden and income of respondent (R2=0,601)_ At belta level, besides of size of homegarden and income of respondent, long period of resident also had a strong correlation (R2=0,721) with the diversity of plant. At seedling level and ground cover there were weak correlations of the plant diversity with size of house (R2=0,073). Plant species which dominated homegarden was probably caused by the change of homegarden function. Increase of economic condition of people may cause decreasing in plant diversity at homegarden, especially indiginous plant species."

"Keadaan sosial, ekonomi dan demografi merupakan tolak ukur kualitas rumah tangga. Karena keadaan tersebut erat kaitannya dengan ketahanan pangan, keadaan gizi, pendidikan dan kesehatan rumah tangga. Bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan tolak ukur yang sering digunakan dalam berbagai penelitian untuk menemukan hubungannya dengan banyak masalah kesehatan dan gizi. Banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kejadian BBLR, secara garis besar dapat dikelompokkan menjadi faktor biologi dan lingkungan. Faktor tersebut berpengaruh melalui mekanisme yang bersifat langsung dan tidak langsung. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana faktor sosial, ekonomi dan demografi rumah tangga mempengarubi BBLR. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 1694. Lokasi penelitian di dua kecamatan (Sliyeg dan Gabus Wetan), Kabupaten Indramayu. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan sofware SPSS. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan inferensial dengan membuat model regresi logistik. Faktor sosial, ekonomi dan demografi rumah tangga dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel pendidikan, kondisi rumah, kepemilikan barang dan alat transportasi, pekerjaan, umur dan jumlah kehamilan. Faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap bayi berat lahir rendah adalah faktor antara yang terdiri dan variabel pertambahan berat badan saat hamil, pemeriksaan ANC dan keterpaparan asap rokok. Dalam penelitian ini variabel terikatnya adalah berat bayi saat lahir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial, ekonomi dan demografi rumah tangga tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap BBLR. Melalui mekanisme biologis dan perilaku faktor tersebut mempunyai hubungan dengan variabel antara dalam mempengaruhi kejadian BBLR. Mekanisme biologis yang dimaksud adalah kejadian BBLR dipengaruhi oleh faktor pertambahan berat badan ibu saat hamil, sementara variabel tersebut erat kaitannya dengan faktor sosial, ekonomi dan demografi rumah tangga. Mekanisme hubungan perilaku mempengaruhi terjadinya BBLR melalui keterpaparan ibu terhadap asap rokok. Hasil penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa sosial, ekonomi dan demografi rumah tangga mempunyai pengaruh terhadap variabel keterpaparan terhadap asap rokok. Dengan demikian, dapat dinyatakan bahwa penelitian ini menjadi pembuktian atas kejadian BBLR dan sekaligus menjadi alat rekonfirmasi hasil penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya tentang pola hubungan sosial, ekonomi dan demografi rumah tangga melalui variabel antara dalam mempengaruhi BBLR. "

"ABSTRACTOne of the influential factors in the prevention of the destruction and decline of biodiversity is human resources. There is an opinion that human beings or human resources are highly influenced by its level of education. In order to improve any efforts for biodiversity to survive, human responsibility and awareness are needed, especially in rehabilitation of nature source and quality of society education, starting from basic level, in order to strengthen the idea if both responsibility and awareness. The knowledge of nature has appeared through basic and higher levels education. However, it falls to present very basic information for student to understand the link of nature and the survival of the national. Mean while teachers unsuccessfully teach students to comprehend what are being taught, especially to apply the materials. It becomes worst when less attention for students to train them selves are given. As a consequence, students are not capable to operate any function of natural resources in everyday life. Students are mostly taught such cognitive knowledge rather than any significant applications. This results in the student being unable to fully comprehend the importance of conserving biodiversity properly. The Research is purpose to know : 1. The student?s perception and comprehension on the idea of biodiversity conservation. All students are rounded from basic level around Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun, West Java. 2. The student?s perception and comprehension on the idea of biodiversity conversation. All students are rounded from basic level around West Java Area. The Research obtained are expected to be able to answer such as the following questions: 1. Are there any differences on the students perception of biodiversity conservation between the students from big city and Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Area. 2. Are there any differences on students comprehension of biodiversity conservation between students from big city and Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Area. 3. Are there materials of biodiversity conservation integrated on the curriculum of basic level of education, and how to perform it. The Mount Halimun National Park which is situated about 100 km distance from West Jakarta is surprisingly more familiar to the Junior High School students of West Jakarta than to those who live within a radius of less than 25 kilometers from the Park. Indeed, students, students from both area responses similarly that conservation is very importance. They also have similar perception on how to cover any problems. They face on their studies on the conservation. The Research moreover find that students difference on understanding the terms dealing with conservation. The number of the student who agree and disagree in naming the animal to be protected. Analyzed results of test which have been carried out are able to indicate the effectively of the teaching process. If furthermore shows that students of SLTP around Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun from the sample taken have the score average of 13,534 among them are only 45,1% capable to answers questions about conservation, on the contrary of 21,5% score average and 71,5% of the students around Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun who answered correctly. So there is a significant difference between the two areas. The Role of the Biology teachers are quite influential on the views of the students regarding biodiversity, In general, the SLTP teachers of the school around Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun are mostly non native of the area. They have limited knowledge about the Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun, and its surroundings. Keeping in mind the importance of biodiversity as a renewable natural resources which can be utilized as an asset to continuous national development, an efforts has been made during the 1994 GBPP to include the topic of biodiversity in the curriculum. This decision was made as a follow up to the biodiversity Action Plan for Indonesia. Which has preceded by the United Nations Conservation on biodiversity. In which it is stated that biodiversity is a topic to be taught at schools in section 13 of the 1994 law No.5."

"Skripsi yang berlandaskan kajian sosial-ekonomi ini, mencoba melihat gejolak ekonomi di Hindia Belanda yang terkena dampak dari krisis dunia tahun 1930, yang dikenal dengan nama Malaise. Lebih jauh lagi skripsi ini, akan melihat sampai seberapa jauh aktivitas masyarakat Hindia Belanda dalam menanggapi terjadinya depresi ini, dan bagaimana pula sikap dari pemerintah Hindia Belanda dalam menanggulangi terjadinya krisis ini. Terjadinya krisis dunia tahun 1929, yang berlang_sung cukup lama tersebut, secara praktis melumpuhkan sendi-sendi perekonomian Hindia Belanda. Walaupun sebenar_nya krisis ini dilatar belakangi oleh anjloknya bursa saham di Amerika, tetapi imbasnya justru lebih menimpa pada negara-negara pengahasil bahan mentah. Hindia Belan_da, yang hampir seluruh devisa negara didapat dari ekspor bahan mentah, mengalami nasib yang sangat tragis. Dan hal ini berpengaruh besar pada situasi dan kondisi masyarakat_nya. Muncul kekacauan ekonomi dalam masyarakat yang diaki-batkan oleh pengangguran, pemotongan upah, dan semakin rendahnya harga produk--produk pertanian. Pada saat seperti itulah masyarakat dipaksa untuk bisa bertahan dalam kondisi ekonomi yang sangat sulit. Sistim ekonomi modern/Barat yang bertopang pada sistim ekonomi uang, sangat menyulitkan posisi masyarakat Hindia Blelanda. Pola-pola yang diterapkan dalam sistim ini sangat sulit untuk diintegrasikan dengan sistim ekonomi pribumi, dan mencapai puncak kesukarannya pada terjadinya malaise ini. Ada satu hal yang menarik, bahwa dengan terjadinya krisis ini, masyarakat mencoba kembali sistim ekonomi tradisional dalam usahanya untuk mencoba bertahan. Sistim barter pun mulai menjadi model kegiatan ekonomi. Tetapi walau bagaimana sistim ekonomi uang yang diterapkan Peme_rintah secara ketat, (dalam pembayaran pajak, bunga hutang, dll) menyebabkan masyarakat mencoba bentuk lain dari usaha yang mereka jalani selama ini. Usaha ini mencapai titik terang tatkala, Pemerintah mendukung (walaupun untuk maksud yang lain) pemanfaatan lahan-lahan yang kosong (akibat pengurangan produksi Perusahaan-perusahaan besar), pengaturan kebijakan regulasi agar produksi bisa berjalan tanpa terlalu terpengaruh kondisi pasar dunia, dan kebangkitan kembali industri_industri kecil masyarakat, yang kesemuanya dapat menjadi buffer (penyeimbang) dari krisis yang sedang berjalan."