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"Geomorphology of coastal zones in Jepara, Indonesia."

"[ABSTRAKInteraksi antara masyarakat sistem sosial dan lingkungan ekosistem menghasilkan adaptasi yang merupakan cerminan dari respon masyarakat terhadap tekanan eksternal struktural dari luar Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1 menganalisis perubahan lingkungan yang dialami masyarakat pesisir khususnya masyarakat petambak garam di Desa Losarang dan Desa Pinggir Papas 2 menganalisis unsur struktur kultur dan proses sosial masyarakat pesisir Desa Losarang dan Desa Pinggir Papas yang mempunyai tipologi wilayah pesisir berbeda dan 3 merumuskan strategi adaptasi petambak garam Desa Losarang dan Desa Pinggir Papas dalam menghadapi perubahan lingkungan terkait peran unsur struktur kultur dan proses sosial Temuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah strategi adaptasi masyarakat pesisir khususnya petambak garam di Desa Losarang dan Desa Pinggir Papas ditunjukkan oleh variasi respon unsur struktur unsur kultur dan unsur proses terhadap tekanan struktural dari luar masyarakat yaitu gotong royong penjagaan tradisi dan peran pemimpin informal ;

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ABSTRACTInteraction between community social system and environment ecosystem develops adaptation which is reflected by community rsquo s response in facing external pressure alien structure This study aims 1 analyze the environmental changes experienced by coastal communities especially the salt farmers in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas 2 analyze the elements of the structure culture and social processes of coastal communities in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas having different typologies of coastal areas and 3 formulate adaptation strategies salt farmers Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas in the face of environmental changes related elements response of structure culture and social processes The main finding of this study reveals that coastal community adaptive capacity particularly sea salt farmers in Desa Losarang and Desa Pingir Papas were showed by the range of response variations of structural cultural and processing prowess over external structural pressures is mutual cooperation maintain of tradition and role of informal leaders ;Interaction between community social system and environment ecosystem develops adaptation which is reflected by community rsquo s response in facing external pressure alien structure This study aims 1 analyze the environmental changes experienced by coastal communities especially the salt farmers in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas 2 analyze the elements of the structure culture and social processes of coastal communities in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas having different typologies of coastal areas and 3 formulate adaptation strategies salt farmers Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas in the face of environmental changes related elements response of structure culture and social processes The main finding of this study reveals that coastal community adaptive capacity particularly sea salt farmers in Desa Losarang and Desa Pingir Papas were showed by the range of response variations of structural cultural and processing prowess over external structural pressures is mutual cooperation maintain of tradition and role of informal leaders ;Interaction between community social system and environment ecosystem develops adaptation which is reflected by community rsquo s response in facing external pressure alien structure This study aims 1 analyze the environmental changes experienced by coastal communities especially the salt farmers in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas 2 analyze the elements of the structure culture and social processes of coastal communities in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas having different typologies of coastal areas and 3 formulate adaptation strategies salt farmers Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas in the face of environmental changes related elements response of structure culture and social processes The main finding of this study reveals that coastal community adaptive capacity particularly sea salt farmers in Desa Losarang and Desa Pingir Papas were showed by the range of response variations of structural cultural and processing prowess over external structural pressures is mutual cooperation maintain of tradition and role of informal leaders ;Interaction between community social system and environment ecosystem develops adaptation which is reflected by community rsquo s response in facing external pressure alien structure This study aims 1 analyze the environmental changes experienced by coastal communities especially the salt farmers in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas 2 analyze the elements of the structure culture and social processes of coastal communities in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas having different typologies of coastal areas and 3 formulate adaptation strategies salt farmers Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas in the face of environmental changes related elements response of structure culture and social processes The main finding of this study reveals that coastal community adaptive capacity particularly sea salt farmers in Desa Losarang and Desa Pingir Papas were showed by the range of response variations of structural cultural and processing prowess over external structural pressures is mutual cooperation maintain of tradition and role of informal leaders ;Interaction between community social system and environment ecosystem develops adaptation which is reflected by community rsquo s response in facing external pressure alien structure This study aims 1 analyze the environmental changes experienced by coastal communities especially the salt farmers in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas 2 analyze the elements of the structure culture and social processes of coastal communities in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas having different typologies of coastal areas and 3 formulate adaptation strategies salt farmers Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas in the face of environmental changes related elements response of structure culture and social processes The main finding of this study reveals that coastal community adaptive capacity particularly sea salt farmers in Desa Losarang and Desa Pingir Papas were showed by the range of response variations of structural cultural and processing prowess over external structural pressures is mutual cooperation maintain of tradition and role of informal leaders , Interaction between community social system and environment ecosystem develops adaptation which is reflected by community rsquo s response in facing external pressure alien structure This study aims 1 analyze the environmental changes experienced by coastal communities especially the salt farmers in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas 2 analyze the elements of the structure culture and social processes of coastal communities in the Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas having different typologies of coastal areas and 3 formulate adaptation strategies salt farmers Desa Losarang and Desa Pinggir Papas in the face of environmental changes related elements response of structure culture and social processes The main finding of this study reveals that coastal community adaptive capacity particularly sea salt farmers in Desa Losarang and Desa Pingir Papas were showed by the range of response variations of structural cultural and processing prowess over external structural pressures is mutual cooperation maintain of tradition and role of informal leaders ]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang keanekaragaman dan pendugaan kepadatan stokikan demersal dengan metode sapuan di perairan Aru, Propinsi Maluku,dilakukan sejak tanggal 4 sampai 9 Nopember 2006, menggunakan pukatdasar (bottom trawl). Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui survei pukatdasar menggunakan KR. Bawal Putih dengan lokasi pengambilan contohditetapkan sebanyak 36 stasiun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiindeks keanekaragaman (H?), indeks dominansi spesies (C), indekskemerataan (J), komposisi hasil tangkapan, laju tangkap, pendugaankepadatan stok, dan biomassa spesies ikan demersal. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa komposisi hasil tangkap ikan demersal adalah 65,9 %(6.065,9 kg) dari total hasil tangkap, yang terdiri dari 132 spesies dan 56famili. Ikan demersal yang banyak tertangkap adalah famili Leiognathidae(50,8%) diikuti Apogonidae (16,5%) dan Mullidae (8,3%). Tiga spesies yangbanyak tertangkap yaitu Leiognathus bindus (26,3%) Apogon sp.(16,5%)dan Leiognathus leusiscus (15,8%) yang umumnya tertangkap pada dasarperairan dengan kedalaman 20-30 m.Kisaran indeks keanekaragaman (H?) adalah 0,4940-2,5138 dengannilai tertinggi pada kedalaman 40-50 m, indeks dominansi (C) adalah0,0618-0,8041 dengan nilai tertinggi pada kedalaman 10-20 m, danindeks kemerataan (J?) adalah 0,0553-0,4236 dengan nilai tertinggi padakedalaman 40-50 m sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa keanekaragaman spesies ikan demersal di perairan Aru adalah sedang dengan tidak adaspesies yang mendominasi dan penyebarannya tidak merata.Nilai laju tangkap ikan demersal adalah 173,2 kg/jam dengan nilailaju tangkap tertinggi pada perairan di kedalaman 20-30 m, (Leiognathusbindus 27,1 kg/jam tertinggi pada kedalaman 20-30 m, Apogon sp. 18,8kg/jam tertinggi pada kedalaman 50-60 m, dan Upeneus sulphureus 8,9kg/jam pada kedalaman 20-30 m; Arius thalassinus 87,4 kg/jam tertinggipada kedalaman 30-40 meter, Lutjanus malabaricus 12,2 kg/jam,kedalaman 50-60 meter tertinggi, dan Epinephelus sexfaciatus 6,9 kg/jam,tertinggi di kedalaman 40-50 meter). Dugaan kepadatan stok ikandemersal di perairan Aru adalah 4,4±0,2 ton/km2 (Leiognathus bindus, 0.7ton/km2, Apogon sp. 0,5 ton/km2, dan Upeneus sulphureus 0,2 ton/km2;Arius thalassinus 2,4 ton/km2, Lutjanus malabaricus 0,3 ton/km2, danEpinephelus sexfaciatus 0,2 ton/km2). Total biomassa ikan demersal diPerairan Aru diduga adalah sebesar 193.975±257 ton (Leiognathusbindus, 29.076 ton, Apogon sp. 20.769 ton, dan Upeneus sulphureus10.138 ton; Arius thalassinus 0,2 ton, Lutjanus malabaricus 0,1 ton, danEpinephelus sexfaciatus 0,1 ton)."

"Indonesia memiliki sumber daya perikanan yang berlimpah, naun tidak terkelola dengan baik sehingga kontribusi perikanan terhadap perekonomian jauh di bawah yang semestinya. Kondisi ini juga telah menimbulkan illegal fishing yang sistemik. Kebijakan pemerintah saat ini untuk memberantas illegal fishing dan beberapa kebijakan lain yang dianggap dapat meningkatkan kinerja bidang perikanan ternyata memberikan dampak sebaliknya pada nelayan di wilayah-wilayah tertentu. Kebijakan-kebijakan yang dibuat terlalu parsial tanpa kebijakan lain yang memadai dan cepat yang menjadi penyanggah bagi nelayan-nelayan yang termaginalkan karena kebijakan ini. Oleh sebab itu, kebijakan perikanan perlu dilakukan secara komprehensif yang memersiapkan nelayan domestik menghadapi perubahan yang terjadi. Di samping itu, dibutuhkan kebijakan yang terintegrasi antara Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dengan kementerian lain, lembaga, dan pemerintah daerah untuk mengoptimalkan capaian dan mereduksi tumpang tindih kebijakan yang memersulit penerapan di lapangan."

"Jagakarsa is one of "the water catchment areas" in Jakarta that has green open space. The elements and design of the green open space are very important to be studied, in relation to the occurrence of the wild animal particularly birds in this area. The tittle of this study is "A study on biodiversity of green open space in Jagakarsa water catchment area". The report was divided into two sub tittles: "Vegetation structure and composition at the green open space of water catchment area in Jagakarsa", and "Bird inventory at the green open space of water catchment area in Jagakarsa". The objectives of this study are to examine the structure and composition of the vegetation related to the occurrence of birds in the green open space.The study was conducted from July to December 1999 by compiling both primary and secondary data. The study area was divided into four categories; home garden, green belt along the river, cemetery area (modern and traditional), and urban forests.The highest diversity of vegetation was found in home garden, which was consisted of fruits, and plants used as house fence. Over half of plantin species at home garden are ornamental plant. Beside that, heterogeneity plants at home garden showed higher than the other green open space in Jagakarsa, Also, home garden was managed better than the other green open space in Jagakarsa.Generally, people around the river use green belt along the river as fruit garden. Plant species diversity in those belt are lower than home garden and less managed by people. However, at the green belt along Krukut river was found the regenerated of plants. The vegetation neither ornamental nor valuable cemetery plants with urban cemetery concept was dominated by ornamental plants with high esthetical value, which has maximum height less than one meter. In the traditional cemetery, Ptumeria alba, Codeaeum variegatum, Dracaena fragrans were found dominantly planted with irregularity in patterns.There were 28 species of 18 families of birds found in this study. The highest number of species {15 species) was found at the green belt along Ciliwung River, and surrounding of Situ Babakan (14 species). Water birds were found at Ciliwung River, Kali Krukut, and Situ Babakan. Birds that living in high grasses and shrubs also found at these areas. Most of the birds found in the area are insectivore (42,86%).Vegetation is very important for bird, not only as food resources but also as a resting, sleeping, and nesting place. Fruits and flowers as food resources of insect related to the occurrence of birds were discussed in this paper.iv Habitat degadration and bird hunting are threats for the birds. Therefore, community awareness, selection of plant species, and design of vegetation pattern that fulfil the needs of bird are very important for bird conservation in urban city."

"Secara kuantitas, perikanan demersal adalah produksi utama perikanan pesisir Semarang,. Sedangkan pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan Semarang, termasuk sumberdaya ikan demersal, diduga telah mengalami gejala overfishing. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meneliti gejala overfishing sumberdaya perikanan demersal pesisir Semarang, menganalis s faktor-faklor yang menyebabkan overfishing serta menganalisis tingkat pemanfaatan yang optimal sumberdaya perikanan demersal di perairan pesisir Semarang dengan pendekatan Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), Open Access Equilibrium (OAE) dan Maximum Econc mic Yield (MEY).Kegiatan utama penelitian ini dimulai dengan pengumpulan dan penyusunan data Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) perikanan demersal beserta upaya penangkapan (trip) yang diurutkan secara runtut waktu (time series). Data CPUE dan upaya penangkapan yang digunakan adalah data setelah dilakukan standarisasi alat tangkap dengan alat tangkap dogol sebagai basis. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji stasioneritas terhadap data CPUE perikanan demersal dan upaya penangkapan terstandarisasi. Kemudian dilakukan pendugaan parameter (a dan b), serta survei mengenai rata-rata harga ikan demersal dan biaya per trip alat tangkap dogol. Selanjutnya dilakukan penghitungan tingkat pemanfaatan yang optimal sumberdaya perikanan demersal dengan pendekatan MSY, DAE dan MEY.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perikanan demersal pesisir Semarang telah mengalami overfishing yang dimulai pada tahun 1596. Faktor penyebab overfishing adalah operasi penangkapan ikan yang berlebihan, prnggunaar slat tangkap yang tidak ramah lingkungan dan degradasi lingkungan perairan pes sir Serr arang. Berdasarkan pendekatan MSY, tingkat pemanfaatan optimal sumberdaya ikan demersal di perairan pesisir Semarang adalah catch 2.091 tonltahun dan effort 843 trip dogol/tahun, , sedangkan berdasarkan pendekatan UAE, tingkat pemanfaatan optimal adalah catch 127 ton/tahun dan effort 1661 trip dogolltahun, Berdasarkan pendekatan MEY, tingkat pemanfaatan optimal adalah catch 2.090 tonltahun dan effort 830 trip dogolltahun. Pendekatan MEY terbukti paling optimal dalam menghasilkan rente atau profit terbesar dan tetap memperhatikan aspek kelestarian karena tingkat pemanfantannya tidak melampaui MSY."