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"Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen dan eksportir kelapa terbesar didunia, tetapi Indonesia masih belum bisa memanfaatkan potensi yang dimilikinya agar bisa lebih optimal lagi dalam memberi keuntungan yang bisa dihasilkan. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mencoba menilai daya saing ekspor komoditi kelapa Indonesia di pasar dunia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA). Hasilnya, ekspor kelapa Indonesia secara keseluruhannya memiliki daya saing yang bagus, sehingga Indonesia bisa bersaing dengan para pesaingnya di pasar dunia, akan tetapi ekspor tersebut masih didominasi oleh produk-produk yang bernilai tambah rendah.

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Indonesia is one of the biggest producer and exporter of coconut commodity in the world, unfortunately, Indonesia is still not be able to utilize this commodity full potential in order to maximize the benefit which can be obtained from it. This research objectives is to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesia`s export in coconuts using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) methods.

The result shows that competitiveness of Indonesia`s coconuts as a whole was on good condition, Indonesia can compete with its competitors in the world market. However, Indonesia`s coconut exports still dominated with low value added products."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur posisi daya saing kakao Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah diterapkannya kebijakan bea keluar, menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar terhadap kinerja ekspor biji kakao Indonesia, dan menentukan variabel lain yang mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor biji kakao Indonesia di pasar dunia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) untuk mengukur daya saing dan regresi panel data untuk menganalisis pengaruh bea keluar dan variabel lain terhadap kinerja ekspor biji kakao Indonesia, dengan data tahunan dari tahun 2001 sampai dengan 2013.Hasil perhitungan RCA yang dilakukan pada produk biji kakao dan kakao olahan menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki daya saing pada kedua jenis produk dan target pemerintah dalam penerapan kebijakan bea keluar telah terpenuhi karena telah terjadi shifting ekspor dari biji kakao ke kakao olahan. Hasil penelitian lain dengan random effect model menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan bea keluar secara signifikan berdampak negatif terhadap kinerja ekspor biji kakao Indonesia. Variabel lain yang mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor biji kakao Indonesia secara signifikan adalah ekspor dunia, nilai tukar, dan harga internasional biji kakao.

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The objectives of this study is to measure competitiveness of Indonesia's cocoa products before and after export tax policy is implemented, analyzing the impact of Indonesia's export tax on cocoa beans exports performance, and assessing factors responsible for cocoa beans export in global market. This study used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method to measure competitiveness and panel data regression to analyze the impact of export tax on Indonesia's cocoa beans exports performance, using annually data from 2001 until 2013.

The results of RCA on cocoa beans and cocoa processing products indicate that Indonesia has competitiveness on both of the products and government target from implementing export tax have been achieved, since there was exports shifting from cocoa beans to cocoa processing products. Another estimation result using random effect model indicates that export tax has a negative and significant effect on Indonesian export performance. This study also revealed that world export, exchange rate, and international cocoa prices are significantly determined export performances."

"Constant Market Share analysis and Competitiveness Matrix are used to assess the 10 highest rank export of Indonesia product competitiveness in Tunisia and South Africa for 2002-2007. In Tunisia, other form of copra oil (HS 151319) is weak competitiveness and is categorized missed opportunity in competitiveness matrix. Otherwise, the competitiveness of Polyethylene terephthalate (HS 390760) is good. It is showed by the positive sign of competitiveness effect and categorizing rising star in competitiveness matrix. In South Africa, other from palm oil (HS 151190) is weak competitiveness and is categorized missed opportunity in competitiveness matrix. However, the competitiveness of ceramic (HS 690911) and cylinder (HS 870322) is good. It is showed by the positive sign of competitiveness effect and categorizing rising star in competitiveness matrix."

"Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan ekspor TPT Indonesia di pasar dunia dan mengetahui posisi daya saing TPT Indonesia di pasar dunia dengan menggunakan pendekatan Constant Market Share (CMS) dan Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP). Data statistik menunjukan bahwa pertumbuhan ekspot TPT Indonesia pada tahun 2002-2004 berada di bawah pertumbuhan ekspor TPT dunia. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya kuota, dengan adanya kuota maka Indonesia tidak dapat melakukan ekspor TPT melebihi kuota yang telah ditentukan sehingga pertumbuhan ekspor TPT Indonesia dibawah pertumbuhan ekspor dunia. Dalam rangka meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekspor TPT Indonesia, diperluka upaya untuk meningkatkan komposisi produk TPT melalui peningkatan ekspor TPT Indonesia dalam bentuk produk-produk menengah (midstream) dan hilir (downstream). Selain itu, diperluka upaya untuk meningkatkan pengaruh distribusi pasar. Pada aspek daya saing, posisis daya saing TPT Indonesia tahun 2002 dan 2004 lebih lemah dibandingkan negara-negara produsen TPT lainnya.This research aim to know growth of Indonesian TPT export at world market and to know the competitiveness of Indonesian TPT (Textile Product Textile) in the world market using Constant Market Share (CMS) approach and Trade Specialization Index (TSI). Statistic show that in year 2002-2004 export growth of Indonesian TPT under world export growth for TPT. This happen because quota, that make Indonesian can't export more TPT to the world market. In order to increase export growth for Indonesian TPT, the TPT composition must be improve trough export midstream and downstream product. Beside that, influence of market distribution has to be increasing. For competitiveness aspect, in year 2002 and 2004 Indonesian position for competitiveness weaker compare with other TPT producer."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis daya saing dan kinerja ekspor produk manufaktur negara ASEAN-5, khususnya Indonesia, sebelum dan sesudah ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis daya saing dinamis dan analisis regresi data panel. Melalui analisis daya saing dinamis diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa setelah ACFTA dilaksanakan beberapa produk manufaktur Indonesia mengalami perubahan posisi daya saing. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini melakukan analisis regresi data panel dengan menggunakan dua model, yaitu model regresi tarif tunggal dan model regresi tarif majemuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya saing mempengaruhi kinerja ekspor negara ASEAN-5 secara positif. Namun, penurunan tarif bea masuk impor Cina dari Indonesia tidak mendorong peningkatan kinerja ekspor produk manufaktur Indonesia, sedangkan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor Cina dari Filipina dan Singapura mendorong peningkatan kinerja ekspor produk manufaktur negara tersebut. Mengingat keterbatasan penelitian ini, perlu diberi catatan bahwa perubahan daya saing dan kinerja ekspor tersebut tidak mutlak disebabkan oleh ACFTA.

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This study analyses the export competitiveness and performance of ASEAN-5 manufacturing products, particularly those of Indonesia, before and after the implementation of ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). This study uses dynamic revealed comparative advantage (dynamic RCA) and panel regression analysis methods. According to the dynamic RCA analysis, it is found that there have been some changes in the competitiveness of Indonesian manufacturing products. Furthermore, this study uses two models in panel regression analysis, i.e single tariff regression model and multiple tariff regression model.

The findings from panel regression analysis conclude that the ASEAN-5 export performance is positively influenced by competitiveness, represented by the dynamic RCA. However, the decrease of import tariff in Chinese market for Indonesian manufacturing products will not increase their export performance. On the other hand, the decrease of import tariff in Chinese market for Philippines and Singapore will increase their manufacturing export performance. Given the limitation of this study, it should be noted that the changes in competitiveness and export performance in ASEAN-5 is not solely affected by ACFTA."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji dampak penerapan kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao terhadap kinerja industri pengolahan kakao dan daya saing produk olahan kakao Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian, didapati bahwa sejak penerapan bea keluar terhadap biji kakao, industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia mengalami peningkatan kinerja, yang ditunjukkan lewat peningkatan nilai output, jumlah tenaga kerja, dan volume ekspor produk kakao olahan. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil estimasi dengan metode Ordinary Least Square, didapati bahwa sejak penerapan kebijakan bea keluar, daya saing produk olahan kakao Indonesia di pasar dunia mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya hubungan positif antara bea keluar dan nilai RCA sebagai variabel yang melambangkan daya saing. Namun demikian, ditemukan pula bahwa terjadi penurunan produksi biji kakao sejak bea keluar diberlakukan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan tersebut, penulis memberikan dua saran yaitu menjalankan kembali kebijakan gernas kakao untuk meningkatkan produksi kakao nasional serta melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai biaya dan manfaat dari penerapan bea keluar terhadap biji kakao.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of cocoa beans export tax policy on Indonesian cocoa processing industry performance and processed cocoa product competitiveness. The result shows that since the implementation of the export tax, the Indonesian cocoa processing industry performance is getting better. This is shown by the growth of industrial consumption on cocoa beans, output value, labour and processed cocoa export volume. On the other side, based on the estimation using Ordinary Least Square method, it is found that since the implementation of the tax, the Indonesian processed cocoa product competitiveness is higher than before. This was proved by the strong, positive correlation between the export tax and the RCA as a proxy for product competitiveness. Nevertheless, it is also found that since the implementation of the tax, Indonesian cocoa beans production is declining. Based on these findings, the author suggested that the goverment needs re-implement the "gernas kakao" policy to boost the national cocoa beans production and to conduct a further research to analyze the coca beans export tax policy cost and benefit."

"ABSTRAKThis research examines the validity of the export competitiveness determination pattern using supply side industrial variables as proposed by Petri 1988 for the Indonesian manufacturing sector case for the 14 years beginning 2001 and ended 2014. Using the RCA index as a proxy for competitiveness, the statistical validity of the intensities of unskilled labor, physical capital, scale, and technology were tested as determinants, alongside which the export competitiveness of two significant neighbors, Singapore and Malaysia was included. After strict selection, pooled, robust least squares was used, yielding results that showed unskilled labor intensity, scale intensity, and the Malaysian export competitiveness as positive determinants, while technological intensity and the Singaporean export competitiveness are negative determinants of Indonesia rsquo s export competitiveness.

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ABSTRACTPenelitian ini menelaah validitas pola penentuan daya saing ekspor menggunakan variabel industrial yang digunakan oleh Petri 1988 , untuk kasus sector manufaktur Indonesia dalam jangka waktu 14 tahun 2001 sampai dengan 2014. Dengan menggunakan indeks RCA sebagai variabel proxy untuk daya saing, validitas secara statistika daripada variabel intensitas tenaga kerja tidak terampil, modal fisik, skala usaha, dan teknologi diuji; juga diuji adalah faktor daya saing negara tetangga Singapura dan Malaysia. Setelah pengujian intensif, penggunaan pooled least squares dengan metoda robust regression digunakan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa intensitas tenaga kerja tidak terampil, intensitas skala usaha, dan daya saing Malaysia merupakan determinan positif, sedangkan intensitas teknologi dan daya saing Singapura merupakan determinan negative dari daya saing ekspor Indonesia."

"Summary: "This book is the only annual study that dissects Indonesia's sub-national competitiveness at both the provincial level (covering 34 provinces) and the regional level (covering six major island groups). Based on a rich dataset of 103 indicators, the study covers four environments of competitiveness: (1) Macroeconomic Stability, (2) Government and Institutional Setting, (3) Financial, Businesses, and Manpower Conditions, and (4) Quality of Life and Infrastructure Development. It also presents each province and region's comparative strengths and weaknesses, and conducts "what-if" policy simulations to propose policy suggestions"