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"[This book grasps the opportunity to show the strength of AGMEMOD in terms of baseline analysis at detailed regional and market levels, supported by an experienced team of country-based modellers. This analysis, produced using the AGMEMOD model, will be of interest to researchers working in the field of agricultural policy analysis as well as to policy makers from both the European Commission and its member states’ agriculture ministries., This book grasps the opportunity to show the strength of AGMEMOD in terms of baseline analysis at detailed regional and market levels, supported by an experienced team of country-based modellers. This analysis, produced using the AGMEMOD model, will be of interest to researchers working in the field of agricultural policy analysis as well as to policy makers from both the European Commission and its member states’ agriculture ministries.]"

"This paper primarily attempts to detect the trend in the present upshots of global warming temperature data. It has been done through the estimation of the long memory fractional parameter using a simulation technique in the presence of additive outilers which stands as wild observations generated in the atmosphere due to global warming. Then the study investigates empirically the impact global warming on the particular aspect of global agricultural production. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, a data generating process is applied here additive outliers are generated in a discrate way. Observed facts reveal that additive outliers affect the bias and the MSE of the estimated fractional parameter. The size of the additive outliers in data generating process has also important effects on the estimated fractional parameter depending on the value of true fractional parameter. The result exhibits a non-trend or a natural cyclical variability influenced by a stochastic process in the case of climate change behavior with wild observations (outilers) that produce contradictory outcome of profound uncertainties againts the case of true world temperature data trend. The results of empirical investigations assert that in the late 21 century unabated global warming would have a negative impact on global agricultural production in the aggregate and the impact could be severe if carbon fertilization benefits (enhancements of yields in a carbon-rich environment) do not materialize, especially if water scarcity limits irrigation. In addition, if warming would not halt in the 2080s, but would continue on a path toward still higher global temperature in the composition of agricultural damage could be more severe. The study also shows that the composition of agricultural effects is likely to be seriously unfavorable to developing countries with the most severe losses in Africa, Latin America and India."

"Agricultural laborers are usually found used in connection with the industrial worker who must live on a wage in cash. Within this limited conception the significance of the subject for the Netherlands Indies is certainly much less than for states with a highly developed factory industrial system and a large working population, for the Netherlands Indies is primarily an agricultural country. In so far as one can or will speak of a working class amongst the agricultural population there are two things to be kept in mind. Who are carrying out jobs in native agriculture in various sorts of subordinate relationships or are working in the foreign estate agriculture the so-called “cultures”. This book includes : in the time of the old labour systems, the introduction of the Kedok System, forms of Labour in 1922, and forms of labour in 1936."

"Ketika Putaran Doha resmi dibuka di Doha, Qatar pada November 2001. Negara anggota WTO menyetujui putaran ini dinamakan ?Doha Development Agenda" (DDA). Sebagian besar Negara berkembang berpendapat bahwa putaran perundingan perdagangan sebelumnya telah menciptakan aturan-aturan yang hanya menguntungkan Negara-negara maju yang berpendapatan tinggi dan mendominasi perdagangan global saat ini. Tulisan ini menyajikan informasi-informasi pada perkembangan perundingan dalam DDA di bidang pertanian, Dalam rangka meningkarkan reformasi pertanian guna memperoleh sistem perdagangan global yang lebih adil dan sederajat, tulisan ini memberikan gambaran proposal dan posisi yang ditunjukkan oleh Negara-negara berkembang dolam perundingan-perundingan WTO dalam 3 pilar permalahan, yaitu akses pasar (market access), dukungan dalam negeri (domestic support, dan subsidi ekspor (export subsidies)."

"The Indonesia economy has achieved a remarkable transformation from an agricultural economy to a modern economy that is estimated to growth at a high rate of 6 percent.Sustaining it requires the continual adoption of economic reforms

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"Rumah tangga buruh tani termasuk ke dalam rumah tangga miskin di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pendapatan buruh tani yang rendah dan tidak tetap. Beberapa penelitian mengenai kemudahan untuk mengakses pinjaman dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani melalui peningkatan pendapatan dan pengeluaran rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan pinjaman yang diterima rumah tangga buruh tani terhadap pengeluaran rumah tangga buruh petani. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari IFLS (Indonesia Family Life Survey) gelombang 5 tahun 2014 serta data PODES (Potensi Desa) tahun 2014. Dalam survei IFLS terdapat bagian yang membahas data ekonomi responden yang berprofesi sebagai pekerja bebas di sektor pertanian. Data PODES memberikan informasi mengenai ketersediaan infrastruktur dan potensi yang dimiliki oleh wilayah-wilayah di Indonesia. Jumlah bank umum dan koperasi simpan pinjam dari data PODES digunakan untuk penelitian ini. Metode regresi OLS (Ordinary Least Square) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan rumah tangga buruh tani yang memiliki pinjaman, mempunyai pengeluaran per kapita rumah tangga yang lebih besar dibandingkan yang tidak memiliki pinjaman.

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Farm labor households are among the poorest households in Indonesia. This is due to the low and irregular income of farm laborers. Several studies have shown that easy access to loans can improve the welfare of farmers through increased household income and expenditure. This study aims to examine the relationship of loans received by farm labor households to farm labor household expenditures. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from IFLS (Indonesia Family Life Survey) wave 5 in 2014 and PODES (Potensi Desa) data in 2014. In the IFLS survey, there is a section that discusses the economic data of respondents who work as free laborers in the agricultural sector. PODES data provides information on the availability of infrastructure and the potential of regions in Indonesia. The number of commercial banks and savings and loan cooperatives from the PODES data is used for this study. The OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression method is used in this study. The results of this study show that farm labor households with loans have higher per capita household expenditure than those without loans."

"Kebijakan subsidi input pertanian yang terdiri dari subsidi pupuk dan benih sudah berlangsung lama di Indonesia. Tujuaan kebijakan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian di Indonesia. Meskipun akhir-akhir ini pemerintah banyak mengurangi subsidi, akan tetapi pemberian subsidi input justru terus dipertahankan dan cenderung meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kebijakan subsidi input Pertanian bisa mempengaruhi produktivitas pertanian dan adakah alternatif kebijakan lainnya. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut penelitian ini menggunakan data panel untuk seluruh provinsi yang ada di Indonesia selama 5 tahun 2012-2016. Menggunakan model fixed effect penelitian ini ingin menguji apakah subsidi input pertanian bisa mempengaruhi produktivitas pertanian dengan menggunakan variabel kontrol lainnya yang terdiri dari teknologi, iklim, jumlah petani, dan irigasi. Hasilnya, subsidi input Pertanian ternyata terbukti signifikan secara statistik mampu meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian akan tetapi ini hanya berlaku untuk subsidi pupuk, sedangkan subsidi benih tidak terbukti signifikan. Selain menggunakan subsidi pupuk ada alternatif kebijakan lainnya untuk mendorong produktivitas. Mekanisasi pertanian juga terbukti secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian. Sedangkan peningkatan infrastruktur jaringan irigasi tidak terbukti signifikan secara statistik mampu meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian hal ini dikarenakan tidak terintegrasinya dengan baik antara jaringan irigasi tersier, sekunder, dan primer.

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The policy of agricultural input subsidy consisting of fertilizer and seed subsidies has been going on for a long time in Indonesia. The purpose of this policy is to improve agricultural productivity in Indonesia. Although the government has recently reduced subsidies, the subsidy of inputs continues to be maintained and tends to increase. This study aims to determine whether agricultural input subsidy policy can affect agricultural productivity and other policy alternatives.

To answer this question, this research uses panel data for all provinces in Indonesia for 5 years 2012 2016. Using the fixed effect model, the study wanted to examine whether agricultural input subsidies could affect agricultural productivity by using other control variables consisting of technology, climate, number of farmers, and irrigation. As a result, subsidized agricultural inputs proved statistically significant to increase agricultural productivity but this only applies to fertilizer subsidies, while seed subsidies are not proven to be significant.

In addition to using fertilizer subsidies, there are other policy alternatives to boost productivity. Mechanization of agriculture is also proven to significantly increase agricultural productivity. While improving the infrastructure of irrigation networks is not proven statistically significant to increase agricultural productivity. This is because it does not integrate well between tertiary, secondary, and primary irrigation networks."

"ABSTRAKKetimpangan struktur produksi dan infrastruktur masih terjadi di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Ketimpangan ini menimbulkan kesenjangan dan desa tertinggal. Kecamatan Cibaliung, Kecamatan Cigeulis dan Kecamatan Sobang masih terdapat desa tertinggal, namun memiliki potensi sumber daya pertanian yang tinggi. Upaya pengentasan kesenjangan melalui penataan ruang dapat dilakukan dengan menetapkan desa-desa pusat pertumbuhan berdasarkan produk unggulanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik persebaran desa potensi pusat pertumbuhan berdasarkan produk unggulannya dan hubungannya dengan rencana penataan ruang pusat pertumbuhan di wilayah penelitian. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisa spasial deskriptif berdasarkan hasil overlay, pembobotan, analisis skalogram-indeks sentralitas dan analisis Location Quotient LQ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pusat pertumbuhan tersebar berdekatan dengan ibukota kecamatan dan memiliki akses terhadap jalan kolektor. Desa pusat pertumbuhan dengan produk unggulan kedelai memiliki peluang pengembangan yang lebih besar karena dilengkapi oleh adanya terminal dan pasar utama. Berkaitan dengan rencana tata ruang kecamatannya, hasil desa pusat pertumbuhan memiliki relevansi dengan rencana detail tata ruang kecamatannya.

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ABSTRACTInequality of production and infrastructure structures still occurs in Pandeglang District. Cibaliung District, Cigeulis District and Sobang District still have lagging subdistricts, but have high agricultural resource potential. Efforts to alleviate the gaps through spatial planning can be done by establishing rural growth centre based on their leading products. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of subdistrict potential distribution of growth centers based on their leading products and their relation with the spatial plan of growth in the research area. Analytical techniques used in this research is descriptive spatial analysis based on overlay, weighted analyis, scalogram centrality index and Location Quotient analysis. The results showed that growth centre is dispersed near to districts capital and has the access to the primary road. The subdistrict of growth centre and soy leading product has the larger potential of development because it is completed by bus terminal and main market. In relation to its district spatial plan, the result of the rural growth centre have relevance to the detail spatial planning of the research area."

"Kabupaten Tangerang merupakan salah satu daerah tingkat dua yang menjadi bagian dari wilayah Propinsi Banten. Terletak pada posisi geografis yang strategis. Dipilihnya kawasan industri di Kabupaten Tangerang karena letak yang strategis tersebut menyebabkan Kabupaten Tangerang sebagai bagian dari pusat pertumbuhan industri wilayah Indonesia bagian barat. Analisa pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisa deskriptif yang menjelaskan terjadinya peralihan potensi lahan menjadi kawasan industri. Potensi lahan di dapatkan dari hasil scoring dan overlay. Pemberian nilai ini mengacu pada variabel (topografi, litologi, kemampuan tanah dan hidrologi) yang di jumlah dan di kali dengan variabel pembatas (banjir, erosi, dan salinitas tanah) untuk selanjutnya di analisa mengenai peralihan potensi lahan, dimana lahan yang harusnya sangat baik untuk pertanian beralih fungsi menjadi kawasan industri.

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Tangerang District is one of the two levels that are part of the Banten Province. Located in a strategic geographical position. Choosing the industrial area in Tangerang District as a strategic location in the Tangerang District as a central part of the growth industry of the western part of the Indonesian. Analysis on this research using descriptive analysis that describes the potential of a transition into industrial land. Potential land available in the scoring and results from the overlay. The provision of this value to the variables (topography, litologi, the ability to land and hydrology) and the number of times in the variable divider (floods, erosion, and soil salinity) for further analysis on the potential of the land, where the land should be very good for agricultural area of its functions into the industry."