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"throughout the history of Indonesia, the concepts of gender and power - relations between men and women have een linked to shifting and fluctuating idea of what constitutes good women, good men and good gender realtionships within the contex of Indonesia and Islam...."

"Although employee silence is already well-known to cause harms to both employees and organizations, less is known about the individual and situational factors that can influence it. This study reveals the relationships among acquiescent silence, defensive silence, psychological contract breaches, job-based psychological ownership, voice efficacy, psychological safety and task cohesion. Employing scales with good reliability scores (α between 0.8 to 0.95), we conducted a survey on a sample of of 260 public employees of an Indonesia‟s government institution. Analysis indicates that (1) individual factors (voice efficacy and psychological contract breach) and situational factors (task cohesion and psychological safety) work hand in hand to affect silence behavior; and (2) job-based psychological ownership has no relationship with acquiescent and defensive silence. This paper discusses (1) the importance incorporating individual and situational factors in understanding silence behavior; and (2) the collectivistic nature of Indonesian people that may contribute to the importance of situational factor (i.e., task cohesion) on silence behavior well and beyond psychological ownership.Sekalipun telah diketahui bahwa silence (perilaku diam) mendatangkan kerugian bagi individu dan organisasi, tetapi tidak banyak diketahui faktor individu dan faktor situasi yang mempengaruhinya. Studi ini mengungkap hubungan antara acquiscent silence (diam karena merasa tidak berdaya), defensive silence (diam untuk melindungi diri), persepsi pelanggaran kontrak psikologis, kepemilikan psikologis terkait pekerjaan, efikasi untuk mengungkapkan pendapat, rasa aman psikologis dan kekohesifan dalam pelaksanaan tugas. Survei terhadap 260 pegawai dari satu kementerian di Indonesia dilakukan dengan alat ukur yang mempunyai reliabilitas yang baik (α antara 0.8 sampai 0.95). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa (1) faktor individu (efikasi untuk mengungkapkan pendapat dan persepsi pelanggaran kontrak psikologis) bersama-sama dengan faktor situasi (kekohesifan dalam pelaksanaan tugas dan rasa aman psikologis) mempengaruhi perilaku diam; dan (2) kepemilikan psikologis terkait pekerjaan tidak berhubungan dengan perilaku diam. Naskah ini mendiskusikan (1) pentingnya mempertimbangkan baik faktor individu maupun faktor situasi untuk memahami perilaku diam secara komprehensif; dan (2) pentingnya faktor situasi (yaitu kekohesifan dalam pelaksanaan tugas), yang melebihi pengaruh faktor individu (yaitu kepemilikan psikologis terkait pekerjaan) dalam mempengaruhi perilaku diam kemungkinan disebabkan karena kultur kolektif bangsa Indonesia."

"The development of the Para rubber sector in Myanmar was slow for a long time from the early 1960s, mainly due to policy failures under the “Burmese Way to Socialism.” However, with the rubber boom around 2005–12, the sector started developing rapidly, as in other Asian tropical countries. The development of the sector is expected to be an important base for economic development in Myanmar through industrialization. This paper, based on information and data collected in Mon State in 2013 and 2014, clarifies the current status (with historical background) of various actors—including rubber estates (both private and government), smallholders, traders/processors, and tire factories—and investigates major problems they face. The rapid expansion of rubber plantation by smallholders in Mon State is particularly noteworthy, based on the study of two villages. It is found that the smallholders’ major source of investment is remittances from migrants working in the rubber sector in Southern Thailand. The migrants’ work experiences in Thailand, which expose them to technology and knowledge about supporting institutions, are expected to offer good potential for the future development of Myanmar’s rubber sector."