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"On Philosophy and Philosophers is a volume of unpublished philosophical papers by Richard Rorty, a central figure in late-twentieth-century intellectual debates and a primary force behind the resurgence of American pragmatism. The first collection of new work to appear since his death in 2007, these previously unseen papers advance novel views on metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, philosophical semantics and the social role of philosophy, critically engaging canonical and contemporary figures from Plato and Kant to Kripke and Brandom. This book's diverse offerings, which include technical essays written for specialists and popular lectures, refine our understanding of Rorty's perspective and demonstrate the ongoing relevance of the iconoclastic American philosopher's ground-breaking thought. An introduction by the editors highlights the papers' original insights and contributions to contemporary debates."

"Dalam eksistensialisme Sartre, rasa takut kurang mendapat penjelasan yang mendalam, sehingga sulit untuk dapat melihat pengaruhnya dalam eksistensi seorang subjek. Rasa takut sesungguhnya adalah salah satu rasa mendasar yang dimiliki oleh manusia. Rasa takut sudah terstruktur di dalam diri seorang manusia. Ia mempengaruhi hal-hal yang dilakukan oleh subjek bahkan sejak subjek masih dalam tahap kesadaran pra-reflektif. Rasa muak akan membawa subjek menyadari bahwa sesungguhnya ia memiliki kebebasan dan dapat menentukan eksistensi dirinya sendiri. Dari sana, kesadaran pra-reflektif berubah menjadi kesadaran reflektif. Kebebasan adalah kutukan karena ia selalu diiringi dengan tanggung jawab yang berat padahal tidak pernah ada kepastian akan hasil yang nantinya didapat. Hal itulah yang membuat manusia mengalami rasa cemas. Rasa cemas ini kemudian membawa manusia melihat konsekuensi-konsekuensi yang mungkin dari pilihan yang ada bagi si subjek. Disinilah kemudian rasa takut mempengaruhi subjek dalam mengambil pilihan eksistensialisnya. Apakah subjek akan memilih pilihan yang aman baginya, ataukah ia berani melawan ketakutannya dan bertransendenis menjadi diri yang baru.

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The focus of this study is to prove the effect of fear for the existence of the subject, which is not well explained in Sartre’s existensialism. As a matter of fact, fear is one of human basic feeling, it is an undeniable structure as a human. Feareffected subjects act even in pra-reflective conciousness stage. Nausea will bring subject to realizing, that in fact, he has a freedom and he can choose freely, what kind of existence that he want to create for his own self. At that stage, prareflective conciousness will change into reflective conciousnes and subject could realize their freedom. But freedom it self is a curse because there's a great responsibility adheres our acts whereas there’s never been any certainity about the consequnces. This condition trap human in anxiety feeling. Anxiety will bring subject to see the consequences that probably will appear from all the choice that they can take. At this stage, fear will effecting subject in taking his existential choice. Will the subject going to choose the savest choiceor fight his fear and doing transcended and becoming a new self."