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"Tesis ini membahas mengenai alasan China mengajukan AS ke WTO terkait sengketa perdagangan antara Amerika Serikat (AS) dan China di WTO mengenai kenaikan tarif impor ban produksi China yang dilakukan oleh AS tahun 2009-2010. Jumlah ekspor ban produksi China meningkat drastis dan berdampak pada industri domestik AS. Pemerintah AS kemudian memutuskan melakukan mekanisme safeguard yang diatur dalam Section 421 of Trade Act 1974 terhadap produk China. Pemerintah China tidak menerima keputusan AS tersebut dan melaporkan ke Dispute Settlement Body WTO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan China mengajukan AS ke WTO karena keputusan AS telah mengganggu kepentingan nasional China di sektor ekonomi dan perdagangan.

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The focus of this study is China’s motive for initiating a WTO trade dispute resolution case againts the United States regarding the U.S decision to impose additional tariffs on certain Chinese tires for three years. China's tire export increased dramatically and gave negative impact to U.S domestic plants. The U.S. government then decided to launch safeguard measure provided in Section 421 of Trade Act 1974 againts China's tires. The result of this study showed that the motive was because the U.S. decision had disrupted China's national interests in economic and trade sectors."

"Twenty-first-century trade agreements increasingly are a source of international law on investment and competition. With chapters contributed by leading practitioners and academics, this volume draws upon investor-state arbitration and competition/​antitrust disputes to focus on the application of economics to international trade law and specifically WTO law. Written in an accessible language suitable for a broad readership while providing concrete insights designed for the specialist, this book will be of use to those active or interested in the related fields of trade disputes, competition law, and investor-state arbitration"--"Global markets have become increasingly integrated both in terms of the size of trade and investment flows and in terms of the number of players involved. Global trade and investment flows are governed by a set of national, regional and global legal frameworks that interact at different levels. Increasingly the question arises how those frameworks fit together and how they can be made more coherent."

"Perdagangan internasional merupakan salah satu system kejasama antar Negara dalam aspek ekonomi. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk terciptanya perdagangan internasional yang efisien dan dapat menguntungkan bagi setiap Negara yang tergabung dalam kegiatan kerjasama antar Negara ini. Salah satunya yaitu dengan membuat sebuah forum internasional sebagai satu-satunya institusi resmi yang menangani semua yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas perdagangan dunia. Skripsi ini menjelaskan penelitian mengenai cara penyelesaian sengketa dalam perdagangan internasional dibawah organisasi perdagangan dunia dengan mengangkat kasus rokok kretek yang terjadi pada tahun 2010 antara Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Penelitian skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif untuk mengelaborasi dan menganalisis dalam hal langkah-langkah dalam proses penyelesaian sengekta rokok kretek yang melalui serangkaian tahap beracara yang sudah diatur didalam Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO. Hasil analisis membawa pada penyelesaian akhir yaitu dengan dikeluarkannya Memorandum of Understanding yang telah disepakati oleh kedua Negara.

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International trade is one system of cooperation between countries in economic aspects. Various efforts have been made by the government to create the efficient of international trade and can be beneficial for any State incorporated in such activities. One of which is to create an international forum as the only official institution that can handles in world trade activity aspects. This research elaborate on how to resolve disputes in international trade under the world trade organization by took clove cigarette case that occurred in 2010 between Indonesia and the United States as the example. This research uses normative approach to elaborate and analyze in terms of steps in the process of clove cigarette resolution through a series of stages that have been arranged in Dispute Settlement Understanding WTO. The results of the analysis lead to the final resolution, the issuance of a Memorandum of Understanding agreed upon by both parties countries."

"This edited volume aims at examining China's role in the field of international governance and the rule of law under the Belt and Road Initiative from a holistic manner. It seeks alternative analytical frameworks that not only take into account legal ideologies and legal ideals, but also local demand and socio-political circumstances, to explain and understand China's legal interactions with countries along the Road, so that more useful insights can be produced in predicting and analysing China's as well as other emerging Asian countries' legal future. Authors from Germany, Korea, Singapore, Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong have contributed to this edited volume, which produces academic dialogues and conducts intellectual exchanges in specific sub-themes."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi seberapa besar elastisitas Produk Domestik Bruto terhadap penerimaan bea masuk dan bagaimana pengaruh iiberalisasi perdagangan terhadap penerimaan bca masuk di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Produk Domestik Bruto berpengaruh terhadap variabel penerimaan bea masuk dan mempunyai elastisitas yang positili. Penerimaan bea masuk (persentase dari PDB) dipengaruhi oleh variabel nilai impor {persentase dan PDB), nilai tukar, dan variabel tazif bea masuk rata-rata, serta variabel dumng; liberalisasi perdagangan. Variabel dummy liberalisasi perdagangan berkoeiisien positif yang berarti liberalisasi perdagangan mempunyai pengaruh yang positif terhadap penerirnaan bea masuk. Jika kebiiakan pemerintah terhadap penerimaan bea masuk masih diandalkan untuk penerimaan nasional, maka kebijakan liberalisasi perdagangan dengan memfokuskan langkah-langkah kcbijakan harmonisasi tarit.

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This research is intended to access the elasticity of Gross Domestic Products towards customs revenue in regards with to analyze the impacts of trade liberalization to customs revenue in Indonesia. The results show that the variable of Gross Domestic Products influences the variable of customs revenue with positive elasticity. Customs revenue (percentage of GDP) is sensitive to the variable of import value (percentage of GDP), exchange rate and average customs tariff; as well as dummy variable of trade liberalization The last variable bears positive coeHieient, that is means trade liberalization positively influences customs revenue. In condition where the government is dependent on customs revenue, the policy of trade liberalization must focus on measures related to tariif harmonization."

"We analye a dynamic Bertrand game model of trade between foreign and home in which the foreign firms export is shipped to home in containers carried by ships."

"Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui hubungan antara liberalisasi perdagangan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data panel 26 propinsi wilayah kota-desa selama kurun waktu 1996-2005, Setelah melakukan pengujian dan analisa hubungan antara hDeralisasi perdagangan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia dapat disimpulkan bahwa liberalisasi perdagangan memberikan pengaruh negatif secara langsung terhadap kemiskinan, dimana liberalisasi perdagangan dapat menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan. Sementara secara tidak langsung, liberalisasi perdagangan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan tingkat kemiskinan. Meskipun liberalisasi perdagangan terbukti marnpu meningkatkan pertumbuhan pendapatan perkapita, namun pendapatan perkapita sendiri tidak signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat kemiskinan. Demikian pula dengan ketidakmerataan, liberalisasi perdagangan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan ketidaktuerataan di Indonesia, meskipun ketidaktmerataan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemiskinan.

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This study aims to investigate the relationship between trade liberalization and poverty in Indonesia This study focuses an 26 provincial level data over the period 1996-2005. Simultaneous equation estimation is applied to investigate the trade poverty helps to reduce poverty directly. Meanwhile, it's indirectly impact is not clear. Trade liberalization shows no significant impact on poverty indirectly neither through trade--growth-poverty linkage, nor trough trade-inequality-poverty linkage. Although thatrade liberalization helps to promote income growth in Indonesia, but the poverty equation estimation has confirmed the insignificant role of growth in reducing urban poverty. The estimation for the inequality equation shows that although a positive impact of inequality on poverty is found in the regression, there is no apparent interaction effect exist between trade and inequality in Indonesia."

"Perjanjian perdagangan regional telah mencakup lebih dari setengah dariperdagangan internasional di seluruh dunia sejak di awal 1990-an. ASEAN FreeTrade Area (AFTA) didirikan untuk meningkatkan daya saing ekonomi regional. Peningkatan ekspor telah menjadi salah satu prioritas utama dalam timbulnya perdagangan internasional sebagai kekuatan pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi.Sebagai akibat dari krisis keuangan global adalah hal yang penting bagi negaranegaraanggota untuk meningkatkan hubungan perdagangan internasional melalui perjanjian perdagangan bebas untuk meningkatkan sistem produksi regional. Perjanjian perdagangan bebas meningkatkan perdagangan barang secara efisien bersumber antara negara-negara anggota dan menyebabkan terciptanya transaksi perdagangan yang meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Untuk menganalisis dampak AFTA pada kinerja ekspor negara-negara anggota, penelitian ini mengembangkan model gravitasi dasar untuk melakukan analisis data cross sectional yang melibatkan enam puluh negara, baik anggota dan non-anggota AFTA, untuk periode tahun 1991,2001, dan 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah AFTA mulai berlaku, terdapat efek positif pada kinerja ekspor negara-negara anggota.

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Regional trade agreements have covered more than half of international trade throughout the world since in the beginning 1990?s. The ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) was established to improve regional economic competitiveness. Encouraging export has been one of the main priorities within the opening-up to international trade as the driving force for economic growth. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, it is important for the member countries to enhance international trade relations through free trade agreements to improve regional production systems. Free trade agreements enhance the trade of goods efficiently sourced between member countries and lead to trade creation that improves welfare. In order to analyze the impact of AFTA on member countries? export performance, this paper develops a basic gravity model to perform cross sectional data analysis involving sixty countries, both members and non-members of AFTA, for the periods of 1991, 2001, and 2012. The main finding of this study is that after AFTA came into force, there was a positive effect on the member countries? export performance."