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"ABSTRAKThe quality of housing constitutes the physical condition of housing as well as the perception and actions of the occupants. Assessment of housing quality tends to be based on the physical indicators of the housing environment with less attention to the occupants? understanding of housing quality. This study explores the housing quality from the point of view of the occupants especially in relation to the concept of ?healthy housing?. A structured interview wasconducted with a number of occupants living in high-density urban housing in order to reveal their understanding of the?healthy housing? concept. The study found the existence of a gap between the occupant?s perception of the healthyhousing quality and the factual physical condition of their housing. The occupants tend to evaluate their housing as having good quality, despite the facts found from the observation that some physical requirements of ?healthy housing? have not been satisfied yet in most houses. This understanding of ?healthy housing? is primarily related to the aspect ofcleanliness, while other aspects of healthiness do not seem to get enough attention. These findings become the basis ofthe discussion on the extent to which the perspective of the occupants should be incorporated in developing programmes for urban housing quality improvement. "

"The quality of housing constitutes the physical condition of housing as well as the perception and actions of the occupants. Assessment of housing quality tends to be based on the physical indicators of the housing environment with less attention to the occupants? understanding of housing quality. This study explores the housing quality from the point of view of the occupants especially in relation to the concept of ?healthy housing?. A structured interview was conducted with a number of occupants living in high-density urban housing in order to reveal their understanding of the 'healthy housing' concept.The study found the existence of a gap between the occupant?s perception of the healthy housing quality and the factual physical condition of their housing. The occupants tend to evaluate their housing as having good quality, despite the facts found from the observation that some physical requirements of 'healthy housing' have not been satisfied yet in most houses. This understanding of 'healthy housing' is primarily related to the aspect of cleanliness, while other aspects of healthiness do not seem to get enough attention. These findings become the basis of the discussion on the extent to which the perspective of the occupants should be incorporated in developing programmes for urban housing quality improvement."

"Permukiman padat penduduk atau kampung seringkali dilihat dan dinilai dengan sensoric judgement, baik itu dari penataan hunian maupun kegiatan yang terjadi di dalamnya. Namun sebenarnya, ada faktor yang mendasari bagaimana ruang spasial suatu permukiman padat penduduk itu terbentuk sebagaimana adanya, yaitu salah satunya adalah faktor kebutuhan dasar. Air bersih dan sanitasi adalah kebutuhan dasar yang sangat diperhatikan dalam terbentuknya suatu permukiman padat penduduk. Adanya isu bahwa saluran air dari Perusahaan Air Minum atau PAM tidak terdistribusi ke wilayah tersebut mengakibatkan munculnya sistem perolehan dan persebaran air bersih dalam berbagai bentuk yang unik di sebuah permukiman, serta berdampak pada terbentuknya ruang spasial di permukiman tersebut. Dengan adanya sistem tersebut yang memenuhi pentingnya kebutuhan dasar dalam keseharian penduduk, maka praktik sensoric judgement terhadap suatu kampung dapat dikritisi.High-density housing or kampung often seen and assessed through what is called sensoric judgement, be it the arrangement of houses as well as the many objects and activities happening within. Nonetheless, there is an underlying factor creating that high-density housing the way it is, in which one of the most important is human basic needs. Clean water and sanitation are keenly observed as the basic needs that may affect how a high-density housing is formed. The existence of an issue in which Water Supply Company (PAM) is disconnected to the area evokes a unique system of clean water acquisition and a formation of space within the housing. With the occurrence of a system that fulfills the basic everyday needs of the people, the practice of sensoric judgement towards a kampung can be criticized."

"High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) dapat digunakan sebagai geogrid pada konstruksi sipil yaitu untuk dinding penahan tanah dan penahan tebing jembatan supaya tidak longsor. Mengingat penggunaannya ini maka sifat yang diperlukan untuk geogrid adalah kuat tarik yang tinggi dalam waktu yang diperlukan dan regangan yang masih dapat diterima. Sifat-sifat fisis HDPE yaitu melt flow index, densitas, berat molekul dan distribusinya, serta derajat kristalinitas sangat berpengaruh pads sifat kuat tarik produk geogrid. Kuat tarik material HDPE ini dapat ditingkatkan melalui proses penarikan (orientasi) yang dikenal sebagai 'cold drawing'. Proses ini dilakukan pada waktu pembuatan geogrid. Variasi proses penarikan meliputi temperatur yang terkontrol dan laju penarikan sedangkan rasio penarikan (draw ratio) dianggap konstan sesuai dimensi geogrid komersial yang dipilih.Penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa dengan bertambahnya suhu penarikan maka kuat tarik semakin meningkat, namun sebaliknya dengan bertambahnya laju penarikan justru kuat tarik menjadi turun. Kondisi optimum yang menghasilkan strength antara 61 - 67 kN/m dan regangan (strain) antara 9,49 - 10,28% dicapai pada suhu 110°C dan laju penarikan 160mm/menit. Bila suhu dan laju penarikan ditingkatkan maka spesimen akan putus. Kuat tarik produk yang diuji ini masih lebih rendah dibandingkan terhadap geogrid komersial, dimana kuat tarik geogrid komersial antara 76 - 78 kN/m pada uji strain rate yang sama yakni 5Omm/menit."

"One of the main reasons for continuing interest in shock focusing is its ability to concentrate energy in a small volume and produce extreme temperatures and pressures in fluids in a controlled laboratory environment. The phenomenon of shock wave focusing leading to extreme conditions in fluids during micro- and nanosecond time intervals is a spectacular example of mechanics at small length and time scales revealing the major properties of shock dynamics including high-temperature gas phenomena. Production of high-energy concentrations in gases and fluids with star-like temperatures and extreme pressures by means of a stable imploding shock is of great interest not only in its own right but also because of the connection to a multitude of phenomena in nature, technology and medicine."