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"In the last 500 years or so, the English language has undergone remarkable geographical expansion, bringing it into contact with other languages in new locations. This also caused different regional dialects of the language to come into contact with each other in colonial situations. This book is made up of a number of fascinating tales of historical- sociolinguistic detection. These are stories of origins, of a particular variety of English or linguistic feature, which together tell a compelling general story. In each case, Trudgill presents an intriguing puzzle, locates and examines the evidence, detects clues that unravel the mystery, and fi nally proposes a solution. The solutions are all original, often surprising, sometimes highly controversial. Providing a unique insight into how language contact shapes varieties of English, this entertaining yet rigorous account will be welcomed by students and researchers in linguistics, sociolinguistics and historical linguistics."

"This book explores corpus linguistics in language learning and research."

"This accessible, hands-on introduction to historical linguistics - the study of language change - does not just talk about topics. With abundant examples and exercises, it helps students learn for themselves how to do historical linguistics. Distinctive to the book is its integration of the standard traditional topics with others now considered vital to historical linguistics: explanation of 'why' languages change; sociolinguistic aspects of linguistic change; syntactic change and grammaticalization; distant genetic relationships (how to show that languages are related); areal linguistics; and.Contents"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air mata dan perubahan densitas sel goblet dengan penggunaan lensa kontak silikon hidrogel lotrafilcon B pada penggunaan daily wear dan extended wear 6 malam berturut-turut. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis intervensi randomisasi tersamar tunggal. Sebanyak lima puluh enam subyek yang telah di randomisasi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok n = 28 di masing-masing kelompok. Kedua kelompok memakai lensa kontak hidrogel silikon Lotrafilcon B secara daily wear vs extended wear. Parameter klinis Non-Invasif Break Up Time NIBUT, densitas sel goblet PAS, Interblink Interval IBI dan Ocular Protection Index OPI. Terdapat perbedaan NIBUT dan densitas sel goblet bermakna pada minggu ke 4 antara dua kelompok p 0,015 dan p.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate tear film quality and goblet cell density changes with the use of soft contact lenses of silicone hydrogel lotrafilcon B on daily wear and extended wear in 1 month. This is single blind randomized clinical trial. A total of fifty six subjects who had been consecutively randomized were divided into two groups n 28 in each. Both groups were wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses Lotrafilcon B, the first group used daily wear and the second group used extended wear 6 consecutive nights. The clininal evaluation of the eyes in each group were performed on pre fitting, 1st week and 4th week after contact lens fitting. The clinical parameter were Non Invasive Break Up Time NIBUT using Tearscope PlusTM, goblet cell density using conjunctival impression cytologies CIC with Periodic Acid Schiff PAS Staining, Interblink Interval IBI and Ocular Protection Index OPI. In this study obtained more female sex subjects than men with a ratio of 3.6 1. There was a significant mean NIBUT difference at week 4 between two groups p 0,015. There was a decrease in goblet cell density in both groups with significant differences p."

"ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini digunakan reaktor Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis dengan sistem batch untuk pengolahan limbah air yang mengandung amonia dengan menggunakan limbah sintetis ammonium sulfat dan larutan KOH. Volume reaktor yang dirancang sebesar 500 ml, dengan cooling jacket memiliki kapasitas maksimum 400 ml dangan laju pendinginan 11.1 ml/s. Anoda yang digunakan terbuat dari bahan tungsten berbentuk silinder dengan panjang 17.5 cm dan diameter sebesar 0.31 cm. Sedangkan katoda terbuat dari stainless steel berbentuk silinder dengan panjang 15 cm dan diameter 0.69 cm. Tegangan yang diberikan yaitu tegangan DC dengan kapasitas maksimum 1000 volt. Dari reaktor yang telah dibuat, dilakukan beberapa uji kinerja meliputi variasi tegangan, temperatur, kedalaman anoda serta pengukuran produktivitas radikal OH melalui pengukuran konsentrasi Hidrogen Peroksida selama proses CGDE berlangsung. Dari hasil penelitian didapat kondisi yang optimum yaitu pada tegangan dengan voltase 700 volt, temperatur 50-60 0C dan dengan kedalaman anoda 5 mm dan persentasi degradasi amonia yang dihasilkan mencapai 89.3 % dengan konsumsi energi untuk mendegradasi amonia mencapai 673,053 kilojoule/mol amonia terdegradasi dan konsentrasi hidrogen peroksida sebesar 0.90 mmol.

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ABSTRACTIn this research, there was making Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis reactor using batch system for ammonia contained waste water treatment using syntetic waste water made from ammoniuum sulfat and KOH. Reactor?s volume is 500 ml with coling jacket that has 400 ml volume and cooling water flow rate 11 ml/s. Cylinder anoda was used and made from tungsten with 17,5 cm length and 0,31 cm diameter. While the cylinder cathode was made from stainless steel with 15 cm length and diameter 0,69 cm. The voltation was direct current with maximum capacity of 1000 volt. From the builded reactor, some working parameter was measured like voltation, temperatur, and anode deepness variation. The other parameter was hydoxyl radical productivity by measuring hydrogen peroxide while CDGE process was running. This research indicates optimum condition by using 700 volt voltation with 50-60 0C temperatur and anode deepness 5 mm where ammonia degradation presentation reach 89,3 % while consumes energy as much as 673,053 kilojoule/mol degradated ammonia and generated hydrogen peroxide degradation reach 0,90 mmol."