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"Issues concerning bicameralism of Indonesian legislative body through establishment of Dewan Perwakilan Daerah and its role and position in Indonesian constitutional system; collection of articles."

"The Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (Regional Representatives Council - DPD) and the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (House of Representatives - DPR) are institutions which represent the people in the parliament of the Republic of Indonesia. However, these two institutions do not have equal powers, including the powers related to the control function. The DPD’s function related to control is provided for under Article 22D paragraph (3), Article 23E paragraph (2), and Article 23F paragraph (1) of the Third Amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The DPD can exercise control of the implementation of certain laws related to regional interests, the implementation of the State Budget, taxes, education and religion, reporting on the results of supervision exercised by it to the DPR; it receives the results of state finance audit conducted by the Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (Audit Board - BPK), and provides its consideration to the DPR in electing members of BPK. Based on a comparison among various countries it is evident that although some countries have weaker control authorities compared to those of the DPD, it is the DPD elected directly through the general elections which has the weakest authority among them. Proportionate powers need to be granted to the DPD in order to ensure that that the objective of its establishment in representing the interests of the regions may be achieved."

"Kewenangan Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dalam bidang transportasi merupakan salah satu urusan pemerintahan konkuren yang didapatkan secara atribusi dengan bersumber pada UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Atas dasar hal tersebut, Kewenangan Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dalam bidang Transportasi pada pelaksanaannya dapat dibagi dalam kewenangan perencanaan; kewenangan penyelenggaraan dan kewenangan evaluasi. Dalam perkembangannya, permasalahan transportasi Jakarta yang kompleks dan terhubung dengan daerah sekitarnya membutuhkan penanganan yang terpadu dan komprehensif, sehingga pemerintah pusat membentuk Badan Pengelola Transportasi Jabodetabek (BPTJ) melalui Perpres No. 103 Tahun 2015 tentang Badan Pengelola Transportasi Jabodetabek. BPTJ melaksanakan tugas dengan mengacu pada Rencana Induk Transportasi Jabodetabek (RITJ). Oleh karena kewenangan BPTJ yang lintas daerah dalam wilayah Jabodetabek, maka kewenangan Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dalam bidang transportasi tidak mengalami perubahan secara substansial, melainkan hanya terdapat perubahan terkait koordinasi pelaksanaan kewenangan. Dalam hal ini, Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta tetap berwenang dalam pengelolaan transportasi di lingkup wilayahnya yang didasarkan atas kewenangan atributif dari pembagian urusan pemerintahan di bidang perhubungan dalam UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan jenis eksplanatoris, sehingga akan menghasilkan suatu penelitian yang menggambarkan atau menjelaskan secara mendalam terkait suatu gejala atau permasalahan dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa norma hukum tertulis. Dalam praktik pelaksanaannya masih terdapat potensi tumpang tindih kewenangan antara Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan BPTJ, sehingga diperlukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur secara jelas mengenai hubungan kerja dan pembagian urusan di bidang transportasi antara pemerintah daerah di wilayah Jabodetabek dengan BPTJ yang mengacu pada RITJ.

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Jakarta Provincial Government Authority in the field of transportation is one of the concurrent authority obtained by attribution, referring to The Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government. On that basis, Jakarta Provincial Government Authority in the field of Transport on its implementation can be divided into the planning authority; organizing authority and the authority of the evaluation. In its development, the transportation problems in Jakarta was complex and connected with the surrounding area in need of an integrated and comprehensive treatment, so that the central government established the Transportation Management Agency of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (BPTJ) through Presidential Regulation Number 103 of 2015 concerning Transportation Management Agency of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (BPTJ). BPTJ duties referred to the Transportation Master Plan for Jabodetabek (RITJ). Therefore BPTJ authority which cross the area in Greater Jakarta, the Jakarta Provincial Government authorities in the field of transport did not change substantially, but there are only related to changes in coordinating the implementation of the authority. In this case, Jakarta Provincial Government retains authority in the management of transport in the scope of its area are based on the attributive authority of the division of government affairs in the sector of transportation in The Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government. The method used in this research is normative juridical with the kind of explanatory, so it will produce a study that depicts or describes in depth related to a problem with using secondary data in the form of a written legal norms. In practical implementation, there is still potential overlapping authority between the Government of Jakarta with BPTJ, so that the necessary legislation clearly regulating the relationship and the division of affairs in the field of transport between local authorities in the Greater Jakarta area with BPTJ which refers to RITJ."