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"Penelitian analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan telah dilakukan menggunakan metode penginderaan jauh (inderaja) dan sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Identifikasi peta perubahan penggunaan lahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses tumpang susun peta penggunaan lahan tahun 1990 (hasil digitasi skala 1:50.000) dan peta penggunaan lahan tahun 1997 hasil interpretasi citra Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) tahun 1997 dengan koordinat UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator). Perbaikan kontras citra melalui perataan histogram dilakukan dengan teknik klasifikasi terawasi yang terbagi menjadi 7 (tujuh) klas (sawah, perkampungan, tegalan, industri, tambak, lapangan olah raga dan semak). Analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan dan tingkat pencemaran air sungai BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) dan TSS (Total Suspended Solid) dilakukan dalam sistim informasi geografis hingga diperoleh database dengan format link spasial dan tabular. Perubahan penggunaan lahan dianalisis berdasarkan pembagian segmen mengacu arah kontur sepanjang Kali Surabaya. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan perubahan penggunaan lahan pada tahun 1990-1997 yakni sawah berkurang 5,72 %, perkampungan bertambah 15,16 %, tegalan bertambah 0,54 %, tambak berkurang 9,67 %, industri bertambah 36,67 % dan semak berkurang 26,67 %. Hasil analisis tingkat pencemaran air dengan regresi linier berganda menunjukkan BOD (koefisien determinan 56 %) dan TSS (koefisien determinan 65 %) masih dipengaruhi oleh perubahan penggunaan lahan, tidak demikian halnya dengan COD (koefisien determinan 24 %).

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Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Methods for Land Using Difference. Land using difference analysis has been done using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. Identification of land using difference was conducted using map overlaying process of 1990s (digitized scalling 1:50.000) and 1997s land using map (interpreted from Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) Image 1997) with UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinate. Image enhancement was done through histogram equalization with supervised classification devided into 7 classes: rice field, settlement, dry field, industry, pond, sport field and bush. Land using difference and river pollution BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) analysis were done through GIS to get database in spasial link and tabular format. Land using difference was done based on division segment of Kali Surabaya contour as reference. The result shows that there were changes on land using from 1990 until 1997 that rice field reduced by 5.72 %; settlement increased by 15,16 %; dry field increased by 0.54 %; industry increased by 36.67 % and bush reduced by 26.67 %. Water pollution analysis results which was done using multiple linier regression show both BOD (determinant coefficient 56 %) and TSS (determinant coefficient 65 %) are affected by difference in land using, but COD (determinant coefficient 24 %) is not affected."

"ABSTRACT

The Dissertation problem is concerning about implementation of land adjudication project (LAP) for poor people in slum area at jakarta City. Realization of the project faced fact that the socio economic conditions of the people are heterogenic, and have been defended to through application of various social institutions and culture, including by poor people. People anticipate that project with that variation. After adjudication, existence of land certificate do not always in line with clauses and mechanism of other development projects, hence poor people even also perforce to anticipate that condition with some ability and many ways.

For the purpose of law and economics development for the poor people, this dissertation sees that target of adjudication influenced by a number of factors. So, the problem of this dissertation included an absolute poorness form, ownership doubting of land right, or the limited opportunity of poor people to access legal things. Not to mention existence of other resistance which faced by poor people after project of land adjudication done.

Land adjudication in fact is only one of the small shares or step of a big and wide development process. Adjudication is only a step early to follow that big current. But if poor people only base on land adjudication is not yet adequate. The poor needed many other formal prerequisites if they want to be successful. And, adjudication also is not ending result. Adjudication of course yields formal evidence, namely land certificate, but certificate remains to have to be related to other formal things so that can useful for them.

Thereby, development in fact affects less both for the poor. Development is not merely a planned process which isn't it become a set activity for whosoever, but require selected things, especially productive capital which can continue to develop. As a result, development become to side at owner of capital.

Field data indicated regarding importantly of give adequate attention to heterogeneity that happened, especially in slum area. Existing heterogeneity exactly can equip various concept and theory, for example hitting ?culture of poverty' nor macro social and micro social concepts of Southall (1973) less giving of attention at variant that happened and barbed with people dynamics in answering to all sort of matter which intervening their social group, Heterogeneity also indication of is existence of culture knowledge which vary at people which remain to slum area. Culture knowledge which vary that will be used them to answer to various development intervention. If we mentioned more pay attention, hence will be able to assist us to analyze the essence relation between society and development."

"Untuk mengundang investor asing menanamkan modalnya di sebuah negara, negara tersebut pada umumnya memberikan insentif kepada investor asing tersebut yang salah satunya berbentuk hak atas tanah. Tanah sebagai salah satu faktor produksi utama dalam kegiatan produksi menjadi salah satu alasan mengapa investor asing ingin menanamkan modalnya di sebuah negara. kepemilikan tanah oleh pihak asing dengan skala yang besar dapat menciptakan fenomena land grabbing. Land grabbing sendiri memiliki berbagai dampak buruk seperti munculnya pengungsi internal dan rusaknya lingkungan. Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki tanah luas dan kaya akan sumber daya alam saat ini sudah merasakan dampak dari land grabbing. Adapun pembahasan di skripsi ini akan mencakup mekanisme yang saat ini diterapkan di negara Republik Demokrasi Kongo dan Australia untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi land grabbing dan bagaimana mekanisme tersebut dapat diterapkan di Indonesia agar dampak dari land grabbing sendiri dapat diminimalisir.

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To invite foreign investors to invest in a country, the country generally provides incentives to foreign investors, one of which is land rights. Land as one of the main production factors in production is one reasons why investors want to invest in a country. Land ownership by foreign parties on a large scale can create the phenomenon of land grabbing. Land grabbing itself has various bad impacts such as the emergence of internal refugees and environmental damage. Indonesia, as a country with vast land and rich in natural resources, is currently feeling the impact of land grabbing. The discussion in this thesis will cover the mechanisms currently applied in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Australia to prevent and combat land grabbing and how these mechanisms can be applied in Indonesia so that the impact of land grabbing itself can be minimized."

"Suatu perjanjian pinjam pakai tidak diperlukan suatu peralihan hak karena pemilik mutlak dari objek yang diperjanjian adalah pemberi pinjaman. Kemudian sebagaimana perjanjian pada umumnya, perjanjian pinjam pakai haruslah memenuhi syarat sah suatu perjanjian sebagaimana dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Suatu perjanjian yang dibuat dihadapan Notaris dimaksudkan untuk kepentingan pembuktian di Pengadilan dan untuk meminimalisir sengketa dikemudian hari. Namun, Notaris dalam membuat suatu akta sering kali terdapat klausula yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga berakibat akta tersebut batal demi hukum. Permasalahan dalam tesis ini adalah akibat hukum dan tanggung jawab Notaris dengan adanya akta perjanjian kerjasama yang memuat klausula pinjam pakai sertifikat untuk dijaminkan dan peralihan hak atas objek tersebut. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder belaka, sifat penelitian ini penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan menggambarkan secara tepat sifat suatu individu. Hasil analisa adalah akibat dari suatu akta kerjasama yang mengandung klausula yang bertentangan dengan undang-undang adalah batal demi hukum dan tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap akta tersebut yaitu Notaris dapat dikenakan sanksi berupa sanksi administrasi, sanksi perdata maupun dapan dikenakan sanksi pidana. Seharusnya Notaris sebagai orang kepercayaan masyarakat menjaga kepentingan dengan segala kewajiban serta dapat menentukan konstruksi hukum yang tepat dalam pembuatan akta.

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A loan for use does not require a land right transitional because the absolute owner of the object in agreement is the lender. Then as a general agreement, A loan for use must be qualifying with the legal conditions of agreement as referred in Article 1320 The Book of Civil Code. An agreement considered made in front of Notary, intended for the importance of evidence in court or to minimize disputes at a later time. However, Notary in making authentic deed often have clauses that are not accordance with the laws and regulations and that the deed is null and void. Issues in this thesis are the legal consequences and responsibility of notary with the existence of a cooperatioan deed containing a loan for using certificates for gurantee and right transfer to the object. To answer these problems, legal research is carried out with a normative juridical approach by examining mere literature or secondary data, the nature of this research is descriptive research aimed at describing the exact nature of an individual. The results of the analysis are the legal consequences from a deed containing a clause that is against the law is null and void and the responsibility of notary with A loan for use deed that is notary may be subject to sanctions can be administrative sanctions, civil sanctions, and criminal sanctions. Notary as a peson public trust must safeguard the interests with all obligations and be able to determine the appropriate legal construction in making the deed."

"Secara yuridis, terdapat permasalahan hukum dimana Situ Kayu Antap yangberlokasi di kota Tangerang Selatan memiliki ketidaksesuaian pada pemanfaatanruangnya yaitu terjadi penerbitan hak atas tanah tanpa disertai hasil analisis ataukajian atas data fisik dan data yuridis yang relevan, sehingga perlu dilakukanpengendalian terhadap pemanfaatan ruang pada kawasan situ di wilayah kotaTangerang Selatan tersebut dalam perspektif hukum tanah nasional. Jenis penelitiandalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yaitu penelitian terhadapasas hukum, teori hukum, konsep hukum serta peraturan perundang-undangan yangberhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Teori, asas dan konsep hukum tersebutdigunakan untuk menentukan bahwa lokasi Situ Kayu Antap merupakan sumber airpedalaman di wilayah kota Tangerang Selatan yang ditetapkan sebagai salah satuKawasan Strategis Nasional dan merupakan kawasan lindung yang harusdilestarikan keberadaannya demi kesejahteraan rakyat. Oleh sebab itu penataanruang dan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang terhadap Situ Kayu Antap harusdiperhatikan agar mampu dikembalikan pada fungsi yang sebenarnya. Adapunsalah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menerapkan ketentuanpenataan ruang dan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang kawasan lindung situ sesuaiketentuan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Berdasarkan penelitian penulis, PT.Hana Kreasi Persada yang saat ini memiliki Hak Guna Bangunan atas kawasan SituKayu Antap dapat dicabut hak atas tanahnya atas dasar kepentingan umum dandapat diberikan ganti rugi oleh pemerintah kota Tangerang Selatan berdasarkanketentuan peraturan perundangan-undangan yang berlaku

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Juridically, there is a legal problem in the Situ Kayu Antap, located in the South

Tangerang City, that has a mismatch within the use of its space. These kind of

mismatch has supported by the establishment of the land right without the result of

analysis or review of relevant physical and juridical data. So it is necessary to

controlling the use of the Situ Area in the South Tangerang City and to examining

its method by using the perspective of national land law. The type of the juridical

research method used by the author is normative legal research. This juridical

research uses the legal principle, legal theory, legal concept and statutory

regulations related to this research. These legal theories, principle and concept are

used to determine that the Situ Kayu Antap’s location is the one of water resources

in the interior of South Tangerang City which is designated as one of the National

Strategic Areas wherein its existence must be preserved for the people welfare.

Therefore, spatial planning and the control of spatial utilization of Situ Kayu Antap

must be enforced and considered so that it can be returned to its actual function and

its normal condition. The one of the ways to do such action is to implements the

spatial planning provisions and controls the utilization of Situ Area in accordance

with the applicable laws and regulations. Based on the author’s research, PT. Hana

Kreasi Persada that currently has a Building Rights Title over the Situ Kayu Antap

area, can have its land rights revoked by the government based on the public interest

and can be compensated by the South Tangerang City government if its meets the

requirements based on the applicable laws and regulations"

"Tanah ulayat kaum merupakan harta milik bersama suatu kaum dan diwarisi secara turun-temurun. Dalam praktik pendaftaran sertipikat hak atas tanah harta pusaka tinggi di Minangkabau, banyak terjadi pensertipikatan atas nama perorangan tanpa sepengetahuan dan persetujuan anggota kaum atau disertipikatkan pertama kali oleh orang yang tidak berhak atas Harta Pusaka Tinggi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akibat hukum sertipikat hak milik atas tanah harta pusaka tinggi kaum yang dinyatakan lumpuh dan tidak berharga karena perbuatan melawan hukum, serta mengungkap peran Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dalam peralihan hak atas tanah harta pusaka tinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Doktrinal, yang mengacu kepada norma hukum sebagai sasaran penelitian. Akibat sertipikat hak milik atas tanah harta pusaka tinggi kaum yang dinyatakan lumpuh dan tidak berharga adalah tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum sertipikat hak atas tanah serta segala dokumen yang dilahirkan sebelum ataupun setelah diterbitkan sertipikat, perbuatan hukum yang dilakukan setelah diterbitkannya sertipikat lumpuh dan tidak berharga, kembali ke keadaan semula, pemilik yang sebenarnya dapat mengajukan permohonan pembatalan sertipikat dan ganti kerugian. PPAT dalam melakukan tindakan hukum harus senantiasa menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian. Berkaitan dengan peralihan hak atas tanah pusaka tinggi, peranan PPAT antara lain memastikan bahwa penghadap benar sebagai pemilik tanah, melakukan checking terhadap sertipikat, melakukan pengecekan terhadap warkah, melakukan konfirmasi faktual mengenai Harta Pusaka Tinggi tersebut ke nagari tempat objek tersebut berada, melakukan pengecekan SKPT, meminta dokumen lain seperti Ranji, Sporadik, Surat Penyataan Kepemilikan Tanah, Surat Kesepakatan atau Persetujuan Kaum, Surat Keterangan Wali Nagari atau Lurah setempat, Bukti bayar PBB serta KTP dan KK penghadap serta mengerti tentang hukum adat daerah di mana PPAT berkedudukan.

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The customary land of the people is a joint property of a people and is inherited from generation to generation. In the practice of certifying high inheritance land rights in Minangkabau, there are many certificates in the name of individuals who do not get approval from members of other customary clans or are certified for the first time by individuals who are not entitled to the land which causes disputes over inherited land in the future. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of ownership certificates on the High Inheritance’s land of people who are declared paralyzed and worthless due to acts against the law and to reveal the role of the Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT) in the transfer of rights to High Inheritance’s Land. The research method used is Doctrinal, which refers to legal norms as research targets. This study uses primary and secondary data with qualitative analysis methods. Legal consequences of land ownership certificates of high inheritance that has been declared paralyzed and worthless due to unlawful acts is certificates of land rights do not have the force of law, and all documents issued before or after the issuance of the certificate and legal actions taken after the issuance of the certificate are paralyzed and worthless, returning to their original state, the actual owner can apply for cancellation of the certificate and compensation. In carrying out legal actions, PPAT must always apply the precautionary principle. Concerning the transfer of rights to heritage high land, the role of the PPAT includes ensuring that the claimant is genuinely the owner of the land, checking the certificate, checking the Warkah, making factual confirmation regarding the inheritance to the Nagari where the object is located, checking the SKPT, ask for other documents such as Ranji, Sporadic, Declaration of Land Ownership, Letter of Agreement or Clan Agreement, Certificate of Wali Nagari or local Lurah, Proof of PBB payment and KTP and KK of the party and understand the customary law of the area where the PPAT is domiciled, thus can minimize disputes over high inheritance land within the scope of PPAT."

"Tulisan ini menganalisis mengenai bagaimanakan status tanah yang telah diberikan hak konsesi dan legalitas dari kepemilikan grondkaart oleh PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) khususnya dalam daerah eks swapraja Kesultanan Deli sesuai Putusan Nomor 808/PD.T/2019/PN.Mdn. Tulisan ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal. Konsesi merupakan perjanjian yang dibuat pemerintah atau kepala daerah bersama dengan pihak swasta dan atau masyarakat adat, yang sifatnya khusus berisikan izin serta pemberian wewenang secara terbatas oleh pemerintah setempat. Grondkaart merupakan peta tanah yang dikuasai oleh perusahaan kereta api pada masa kolonial dan sesuai fungsinya merupakan pedoman dalam penguasaan tanah salah satunya adalah dalam pemberian konsesi. Pada praktiknya tanah setelah diberikan hak konsesi pada daerah Kesultanan Deli tidak tertampung pengaturan kepemilikannya pada Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, sebab daerah swapraja sendiri telah dihapus keberadaannya pada Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Mengakibatkan terdapat kesulitan dalam pemulihan hak kepemilikan masyarakat Kesultanan Deli saat ini terhadap lahan yang mereka miliki, terlebih sebelumnya terdapat nasionalisasi yang mengalihkan kepemilikan mereka menjadi aset perusahaan yang sebelumnya perusahaan Belanda termasuk perusahaan kereta api. Dalam praktiknya pada saat ini oleh perusahaan kereta api Indonesia setelah nasionalisasi dan kemerdekaan, grondkaart digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam penertiban aset PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) akan tetapi kesulitan terjadi ketika terdapat sengketa akibat tidak dilakukan pengecekan atas perolehan tanah yang berada dalam grondkaart tersebut.

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This paper analyzes the status of land that has been granted concession rights and the legality of grondkaart ownership by PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), especially in the former Sultanate of Deli swapraja area according to Decision Number 808/PD.T/2019/PN.Mdn. This paper is prepared using doctrinal research methods. Concession is an agreement made by the government or head of the region together with private parties and or indigenous peoples, which specifically contains permission and limited authority by the local government. Grondkaart is a land map controlled by the railroad company during the colonial period and according to its function is a guideline in land tenure, one of which is in granting concessions. In practice, land after being granted concession rights in the Deli Sultanate area is not accommodated in the ownership arrangements in the Basic Agrarian Law, because the swapraja area itself has been abolished in the Basic Agrarian Law. As a result, there are difficulties in restoring the ownership rights of the Deli Sultanate community at this time for land that they own. Especially before there was nationalization which transferred their ownership to company assets that were previously Dutch companies including railroad companies. In practice at this time by the Indonesian railway company after nationalization and independence, grondkaart is used as a guideline in controlling the assets of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) but difficulties occur when there is a dispute due to not checking the acquisition of the land in the grondkaart."