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"Persepsi mengenai keparahan dan keadilan hukuman fisik yang diberikan dalam rangka penerapan disiplin oleh orang tua merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap terhadap penggunaan hukuman fisik. Mengingat bahwa pemberi hukuman adalah orang tua, maka persepsi terhadap hukuman fisik juga dipengaruhi oleh attachment anak dengan orang tua. Terhadap 222 partisipan dewasa muda diukur sikap terhadap hukuman fisik dengan Discipline Questionnaire DQ, persepsi keparahan dan keadilan dengan Physical Punishment Questionnaire PPQ dan attacment dengan orang tua menggunakan Experience in Close Relationship-Relationship Structure ECR-RS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap terhadap penggunaan hukuman fisik. berkorelasi denganpersepsi keadilan r = 0,287.

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Childrens perception of harshness and justness of corporal punishment administered by their parents as a way to uphold discipline are factors that predict attitude towards corporal punishment. Considering that corporal pusnishment are administered by parents, then perception of children to corporal punishment might be affected by their attachment with parents. Participants of 222 people were asked to report their attitude towards corporal punishment with Discipline Questionnaire DQ, perceived harshness and pereived justness with Physical Punishment Scale PPQ and parental attachment with Experience in Close Relationship Relationship Struture ECR RS. Result found that perceived justness r = 0,287."

"There are visible signs that the 'get-tough' era of punishment is finally winding down. A 'get-smart' agenda has emerged that aims to reduce costs and crime by reducing the incarceration of non-violent drug offenders, expanding use of community-based corrections, revising sentencing structures, and supporting offender re-entry into the community. This change in policy affords an opportunity to re-examine and challenge certain other conventions in the study and practice of punishment. Each chapter of [this book] examines a convention and posits arguments that challenge that convention and expand the conversation. These arguments are based on the prior literature, existing and original data, and historical documents. These conventions and arguments for rethinking punishment are framed accordingly: justifying penal policy; defining the attributes of punishment; measuring the scope and severity of punishment; and evaluating effectiveness in punishment. Finally, the author provides specific recommendations for research and policy based on these original arguments"

"[Penelitian ini akan melihat sejauh mana pengaruh keterikatan kontrol sosialterhadap tingkat intensitas perialaku delinkuensi. Serta penelitian ini jugamenggunakan corporal punishment sebagai moderatornya. Dengan menggunakanteori social bonding oleh Hirschi (1969) penelitian ini menemukan bahwasemakin terikatnya anak dengan agen sosialnya maka perilaku delinkuensinyacenderung rendah. Namun, pada keterikatan dengan teman justru memunculkanhubungan yang positif. Dimana anak yang semkain terikat dengan temannyajustru membuat anak semakin berperilaku delinkuen. Dengan menggunakanmotode kuantitatif dan dengan melakukan analisa univariat, bivariat, ujikorelasional, uji residual dan uji regresi ditemukan bahwa corporal punishmentmemiliki pengaruh terhadap hubungan antara keterikatan sosial dengan perilakudelinkuensi. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya corporal punishmentdi rumah membuat hubungan orang tua dengan anak menjadi lemah sehinggaanak menjadi berperilaku delinkuen. Lemahnya hubungan anak dengan orang tuamembuat anak lebih memiliki ikatan dengan temannya yang berperilakudelinkuen.;This research will explain the effect of the level of social control bonds to level ofchildren delinquency intensity level with corporal punishment as a variable ofmoderator. By using the social cohesion theory or social bonding by Hirschi(1969), this research explain the correlation between children and social agentstowards delinquency behaviors. Where the relationship is negative, where thechildren are bound to the social agents, will lower the delinquency behaviours.This research also seeks the strength of the relationship of both social agents andchildren if involving corporal punishment as a moderator. This research whichinvolved 469 respondents is using quantitative approach with questionnare as ainstrument of research. By using cross tabulation, relational tests, and regretiontest as well as with residual test, this research indicates that negative relationshipbetween social control bonds (parents and teachers) towards delinquencybehaviours. However, this research also shows that a positive relationshipbetween peer bonds towards delinquency behaviour of children. Meanwhile, thecorrelation between social control bonds with the intensity of children‟sdelinquency behaviour even more powerful if corporal punishment is involved asa moderator. The conclusion of this research is that children who have a corporalpunishment experience by both of his or her parents at home tend to makechildren will become more delinquent than before. This happens because corporalpunishment weakens the relationship between parents and children so thatchildren tends to create a bond with his or her friends who commit delinquentbehaviors, This research will explain the effect of the level of social control bonds to level ofchildren delinquency intensity level with corporal punishment as a variable ofmoderator. By using the social cohesion theory or social bonding by Hirschi(1969), this research explain the correlation between children and social agentstowards delinquency behaviors. Where the relationship is negative, where thechildren are bound to the social agents, will lower the delinquency behaviours.This research also seeks the strength of the relationship of both social agents andchildren if involving corporal punishment as a moderator. This research whichinvolved 469 respondents is using quantitative approach with questionnare as ainstrument of research. By using cross tabulation, relational tests, and regretiontest as well as with residual test, this research indicates that negative relationshipbetween social control bonds (parents and teachers) towards delinquencybehaviours. However, this research also shows that a positive relationshipbetween peer bonds towards delinquency behaviour of children. Meanwhile, thecorrelation between social control bonds with the intensity of children‟sdelinquency behaviour even more powerful if corporal punishment is involved asa moderator. The conclusion of this research is that children who have a corporalpunishment experience by both of his or her parents at home tend to makechildren will become more delinquent than before. This happens because corporalpunishment weakens the relationship between parents and children so thatchildren tends to create a bond with his or her friends who commit delinquentbehaviors]"

"Health and Education in Early Childhood presents conceptual issues, research findings, and program and policy implications in promoting well-being in health and education in the first five years "