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"Dalam tahun 2002, perkembangan Reksa Dana (mutual funds) sebagal salah satu instrumen investasi di Pasar Modal Indonesia cukup menggembirakan. Hal tersebut terlihat dari perkembangan jumlah Reksa Dana, jumlah pemodal, dan nilai aktiva bersih. Sampai Desember 2002 total Reksa Dana adalah 131 Reksa Dana, dengan dana yang dikelola sebesar Rp 46,613 triliun dan jumlah pemodal 125.820 pemodal.Pesatnya perkembangan industri Reksa Dana tersebut tidak terlepas dan adanya insentif di bidang perpajakan terhadap industri ini berupa dikecualikannya bunga obligasi yang diperoleh atau diterima perusahaan Reksa Dana selama 5 tahun pertama sejak pendirian perusahaan atau pemberian ijin usaha. Pembenan insentif ini mengingat Reksa Dana merupakan salah satu altematif investasi bagi masyarakat pemodal, khususnya pemodal kecil atau pemodal yang tidak ingin menanggung risiko tinggi.Dan hasil penelusuran yang penulis lakukan, yang menjadi perumusan masalah di sini adalah apakah penerapan babas pajak atas pendapatan bunga obligasi (bond interest income) yang diperoleh atau diterima Reksa Dana masih dapat dianggap relevan, dan bagaimana implikasi jika masih diterapkan aturan yang ada dan sebaliknya terhadap industri Reksa Dana.Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut, data yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber akan dianalisis dengan mengambil sampel praktek perpajakan Reksa Dana di berbagai Negara dan di Indonesia. Data yang dikumpulkan akan diklasifikasi sesuai pokok bahasan, kemudian dilakukan pembandingan. Dari analisis pembandingan dilakukan evaluasi kemungkinan penerapan pajak penghasilan untuk Reksa Dana.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan bebas pajak (tax free) alas bunga obligasi yang diperoleh atau diterima Reksa Dana dapat dianggap tidak relevan, karena sebagian besar investor yang melakukan investasi pada Reksa Dana adalah para pemodal besar, bukan pemodal kecil sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam memori penjelasan Pasal 4 ayat (3) huruf j UU Nomor 17 tahun 2000. Hal lni dibuktikan, dari Rp 46,613 triliun total dana kelolaan Reksa Dana sampai akhir tahun 2002 sebesar Rp 37,357 triliun (80,15%) merupakan Reksa Dana Pendapatan Tetap yang portofolio investasinya ke Obligasi. Di samping itu, batasan umur Reksa Dana yang dikenakan pajak merupakan 'loophole' para Manajer Investasi dengan cara menutup Reksa Dana yang telah berumur lebih dari 5 tahun dan menggantinya dengan Reksa Dana baru.Dari pengkajian, analisis dan pembahasan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa : (1) pemberian fasilitas bebas pajak untuk reksa dana dapat dianggap sudah tidak relevan lagi, (2) apabila masih diterapkan, diperlukan aturan baru sebagai batasan atau rambu-rambu yang mengatur arah penerapan kepemilikan Reksa Dana yaitu untuk kesejahteraan bangsa.Berdasarkan basil kajian, penulis memberikan saran: (1) agar peraturan di bidang perpajakan yang mengatur Reksa Dana ditinjau kembali atau diganti dengan aturan pengenaan pajak penghasilan atas Reksa Dana yang lebih bersifat netral, (2) apabila diterapkan pajak perlu aturan yang tegas dan jelas batasan investor kecil sehingga insentif pajak yang diberikan tepat sasaran, dan (3) untuk lebih menyakinkan diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut."

"This study is about woman as part of family. Indonesian tax imposition system considers family as one economic unit Since women population is relatively same compared to men population (year 1971 up to 2000 Population Census Data), it means that women take a significant role in tax revenue. Additional data from Manpower and Transmigration Department shows that job vacancies are provided for women more than for men. Hence, taxation policy for woman is an important object to study.The first matter to study is whether any discriminatory taxation treatment for woman. If it is so, then it is analyzed whether discrimination emerges due to the concept of family as one economic unit. The next thing to find out is discrimination causes other than above concept. Is it discriminative because of government takes affirmative action against women? The following study is to elaborate taxes implication if taxation regulation connected to another regulation such as The Law of Marriage. As a comparator, it brings up a glance of implementation in Singapore, Malaysia and Philippines.In connection with PTKP (Untaxed Income) as one of reflections of family as one economic unit concept, study is carried out on a 2003 regulation concerning Government-Borne income Tax on Workers' Employment Income. Government bears income tax on income received by workers up to Rpl.000.000. This amount is bigger than tax exemption. The analysis is needed to find out whether women get advantage from this regulation.This study is based on The Four Maxims of Adam Smith. Government shall apply 4 concepts for tax imposition (equality, certainty, convenience and economy). For the objective study, it has been used some methods of interpretation. The study is analytical descriptive and carried out by policy research approach in qualitative way. Data collected by library research then observed by using census method. The Data are taxes regulations which were issued during January 3, 1994 up to March 29, 2004. Those data sorted by using key word: "wanita", "ibu", "perempuan", "karyawati", "janda", isteri", dan ?istri" (woman, mother, female employee, widow, divorcee, and wife)The analysis result conclusion that, in general, Indonesian taxation policy uphold Adam Smith's concept of equality which is in this study means equal treatment between woman and man; non discriminative. It is equal in all fields of taxation i. e. General Provisions and Taxation Procedures, Income Tax, Value Added Tax on Goods and Services and Sales Tax on Luxury Goods, Land and Buildings Tax, Fees for Acquisition of Title to Land and Buildings, Tax Collection by Warrant and Tax Court.There are 14 discriminative regulations among 6.544 data, i.e. field of General Provisions and Taxation Procedures, Income Tax, and Tax Collection by Warrant. 6 of those discriminations due to Indonesian tax imposition system considers a family as one economic unit.Decree of Finance Minister number 2941KMK.0312003 concerning Procedures for Entrusting Tax Guarantor Who is Taken into Custody in the Course of Tax Collection by Warrant, provide special treatment upon woman as Tax Guarantor who is taken hostage. This is an affirmative action for protecting, respecting and upholding women's special rights. However there is uncertainty in interpretation of 7 regulations because of inconsistency in drafting. In order to avoid misunderstanding on a regulation, it would be better if the regulation use neutral language (non gender base) where an indefinite gender is intended.If taxation policy for women is connected to another regulation other than taxation, such as The Law of Marriage, then there are some difference subjects, i.e_:1. starting date of manage 1 child status change;2. starting date/ending date of marriage agreement regarding income and assets separation;3. polygamy phenomenon:4. non legal child;5. marriage which is held abroad.Married women as workers who earn in money up to Rp2.000.000 get the most advantage due to implementing Decree of the Minister of Finance No. 4861KMK 0312003 concerning Government-Borne Income Tax on Workers' Employment Income."