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"Di era perdagangan elektronik yang berkembang pesat, mengoptimalkan infrastruktur untuk skalabilitas dan efisiensi menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ini, sebuah sistem yang disebut Kubernetes diperkenalkan dan menjadi standar de facto untuk manajemen dan penskalaan aplikasi yang efisien karena dapat memfasilitasi orkestrasi aplikasi terkontainerisasi dengan baik. Termotivasi oleh faktor-faktor ini, serta diciptakannya model arsitektur baru — Virtual Cluster (VC) — penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis efeknya dengan membandingkannya dengan model namespace-based (NS) untuk mengimplementasikan multi-tenancy di Kubernetes. Secara khusus, penelitian ini berfokus pada perbandingan kedua model tersebut untuk menentukan mana yang lebih tepat digunakan dalam konteks aplikasi e-commerce. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa model NS yang diterapkan pada Google Compute Engine (GCE) melalui K3s memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model VC, yang juga diterapkan pada GCE, dan model NS yang diterapkan pada Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa pada tenant yang diuji coba dengan load reguler, terdapat tren penurunan throughput seiring meningkatnya jumlah pengguna pada tenant yang memonopoli resources, yang diamati bersamaan dengan penurunan response time. Oleh karena itu, disarankan bagi penyedia layanan e-commerce yang ingin mengimplementasikan aplikasi single cluster multi-tenant untuk menggunakan model NS di GCE. Temuan dan hasil yang dipaparkan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai panduan dalam mengimplementasikan arsitektur multi-tenant Kubernetes untuk aplikasi e-commerce.

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In an era where electronic commerce is rapidly growing, optimizing infrastructure for scalability and efficiency has become paramount. To meet this need, a system called Kubernetes was introduced and has become the de facto standard for efficient management and scaling of applications as it facilitates seamless orchestration of containerized applications. Motivated by these factors, combined with the introduction of a new architectural model — the Virtual Cluster (VC) model — this study intends to explore and analyze its effects by comparing it with another model to implement multi-tenancy in Kubernetes: the namespace-based (NS) model. Specifically, this research focuses on comparing both models to determine which is more appropriate in the context of e-commerce. This study found that the NS architecture deployed on Google Compute Engine (GCE) using K3s performed better than the VC architecture, also deployed on GCE, and the NS architecture deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). However, as for the perceivable impacts on its partnering tenant, this study found that there is a decreasing trend in throughput as the peak number of concurrent users in the monopolizing tenant increases, which is observed alongside a decrease in response time. Therefore, it is recommended for e-commerce providers looking to implement a single cluster multi-tenant application to use the NS architecture in GCE. The findings and results presented in this study are expected to be used as guidelines in implementing Kubernetes multi-tenant architectures for e-commerce applications."

"This book offers a short, in-depth introduction to the field of e-commerce, focusing on important concepts and using real-world examples"

"Informasi mengenai transaksi secara electronic atau on-line sistem atau e-cormmerce membutuhkan adanya perlindungan hukum yang memadai terhadap upaya orang atau pihak-pihak yang berusaha mengakses secara ilegal..."

"ABSTRACTElectronic-commerce (E-Commerce) has become an important channel for conducting business. Researchers as well as market executives are trying to find e-commerce consumer behavior, especially Micro Small Medium Enterprise (MSME) in Bandung. The aim of this paper is to investigate what factors affect the technology acceptance of e-commerce in Bandung, which intended to identify what improvement can be made for the future. The data for this research were collected from 133 respondents MSMEs that never use e-commerce for their business process. The research model is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Results showed that awareness has positive indirect influence to intention use but, perceived usefulness has insignificant affect towards intention to use. In conclusion, from the percentage of influence toward behavioral intention, perceived usefulness has higher total effect value compared to perceived ease of use, that is 56%. Based on previous analyzes also known that can directly affect the perceived usefulness of behavioral intention, in contrast to the perceived ease of use that must pass variables perceived usefulness beforehand. Therefore, the most important for MSMEs is the increasing number of benefits when they use e-commerce."