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"Personal income tax represents personal tax in a way that its imposition is as possible strives to be harmonized with the circumstance of taxpayer. This is generally realized in the form of personal exemptions, which in Indonesia is known as PTKP. Therefore, this thesis will study the method in determining PTKP to reach justice in personal income tax.The thesis aims to look for and explain the reasons and basis that form the background of PTKP adjustment, relationship between Minimum Live Requirement or KHM and amount of PTKP for personal taxpayer, and implication of policy that adjusts the amount of PTKP to Income Tax section 21 accounted by government. Finally, the thesis will also analyze whether the policy of PTKP adjustment may bring justice in tax imposition.Based on experts' theory, a person's income during a period of time is subject to tax. This view has become standard for the ability to pay tax after deducting all expenses incurred to earn, bill, and maintain that person's income. In order to impose fair tax collection, the tax regulations must be enforced to all people without exception. In practice, the tax burden should be tuned to individual's ability to pay. Variety in family burdens may induce variety in the capacity to assume the burdens. As far as personal income taxpayer; there is part of income that should be excluded from tax, especially for the poor. This exclusion should be given out as part of an effort to earn income or to fulfill the minimum live requirement. If some of the minimum live requirement is not available, then the taxpayer may not be able to earn income that would subsequently be subject to tax. The exception is recognized as PTKP, whereas its amount is constantly adapted with the growth of economy, monetary, and price of basic needs annually.Research in this thesis uses descriptive analysis method with qualitative approach on the study of policy. Technique on data collection is in the form of book and field study done through interviews with related parties.The research results in a summary, which implies that the government is not in accordance with the income tax laws that require adjustment of PTKP following any changes in the economy and monetary as well as the price fluctuations of basic needs each year. The government obligation to adjust PTKP accordingly has been replaced by Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government. The policy is passed only to taxpayer who earns income from work. Thus, the policy has caused injustice in the system of personal income tax. PTKP for taxpayer in the amount of Rp 1.000.000; (one million rupiah) monthly has been in accordance with current KHM. However, additional PTKP for married couple and their burdens is not suitable with recent situation of economy and monetary as well as price of basic needs. With the existence of policy to adjust PTKP in 2005, Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government does not affect the calculation of Income Tax Section 21 for those who owe. So far, PTKP policy has not served justice in tax imposition. Moreover, the policy still needs much attention to be harmonized with the principality of justice.Preferably, adjustment on PTKP is conducted each year so that PTKP policy is not left behind by any changes in basic needs and economical and monetary growth. Also, in determining PTKP, the government should specify more appropriate amount of PTKP to be in accordance with economy, monetary, and taxpayer KHM. Additional PTKP for married couple and their burdens should be around 50% of PTKP instead of 10%. Furthermore, Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government should be abolished to provide rule of law and justice for personal taxpayer. In drafting future PTKP policy, effort should be maximized to reach justice in aspects such as: paying more attention to PTKP for daily and weekly paid workers as well as other irregular workers, giving additional PTKP for the burdens and not only in the beginning of tax year, and lastly to allow additional PTKP for siblings of taxpayer in consideration of certain circumstances."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh tarif pajak progresif terhadap perilaku penggelapan pajak penghasilan orang pribadi di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan merupakan data hasil audit pajak Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di seluruh Indonesia untuk Tahun Pajak 2001 hingga 2012. Hasil analisis regresi Model Tobit dengan pooled data menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem tarif progresif cenderung mendorong perilaku penggelapan pajak di Indonesia. Demikian pula perubahan kebijakan tarif pajak dan braket lapisan penghasilan kena pajak yang ditetapkan melalui Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 turut serta berkontribusi terhadap tingkat penggelapan pajak. Oleh karena itu, besaran Marginal Tax Rates maupun rentang braket penghasilan kena pajak menjadi hal yang krusial dalam menekan penggelapan pajak.

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The aim of this research was finding out how the progressive personal income tax had impact on the tax evasion behavior in Indonesia. The research sample used was the tax audit result data of personal taxpayer in the whole Indonesia for tax year 2001 to 2012. The result of Tobit Model regression analysis with pooled data showed that the progressive tariff system was inclined to drive tax evasion behavior in Indonesia. Likewise, the change of tax rates and taxable income bracket enforced through the Law of Income Tax No. 36 of 2008 also contributed on the level of tax evasion in Indonesia. Therefore, the magnitude of Marginal Tax Rates as well as the range of taxable income bracket are being crucial on suppressing tax evasion."

"This article aims to examine the challenges of designing individual?s income tax systems in general and particularly to observe taxpayers? behaviour in developing countries. This study used case study approach to gain in depth understanding type of taxpayers? attitude towards personal income tax systems. Based on the analyses, tax behaviour, which comprises the perception of fairness and motivation to comply, attracts urgent challenges in designing effective tax on personal income in every country and mainly underdeveloped countries. Every human being in each country has their social pattern towards tax policy. When the individual perception of fairness is significant, it will harmonise the ?client and service approach? between taxpayers and governments. This condition would influence tax morale of individuals to comply with the policy and achieve high compliance rate. Therefore, it has argued that personal view of fairness and their motivation to comply with tax systems are becoming vital challenges in designing the tax policy on individual income. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi dalam merancang sistem perpajakan untuk wajib pajak orang pribadi dan secara khusus menganalisa perilaku wajib pajak di negara-negara berkembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur untuk mendapatkan secara mendalam jenis perilaku wajib pajak penghasilan orang pribadi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terkait perilaku pajak, yang terdiri dari persepsi keadilan dan motivasi untuk mematuhi memberikan tantangan tersendiri dalam merancang pajak yang berlaku atas penghasilan pribadi di setiap negara dan terutama negara-negara berkembang. Setiap individu memiliki pola yang berbeda ketika berinteraksi terhadap kebijakan pajak. Ketika persepsi individu terhadap keadilan adalah signifikan, hal itu akan menyelaraskan pendekatan ?client and service? antara pembayar pajak dan pemerintah. Kondisi ini akan memengaruhi semangat individu untuk mematuhi kebijakan dan mencapai tingkat kepatuhan yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, asumsi bahwa pandangan individu terhadap keadilan dan motivasi untuk mematuhi sistem pajak menjadi tantangan penting dalam merancang kebijakan terhadap wajib pajak orang pribadi."

"Pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) Tahunan Pajak Penghasilan khususnya bagi wajib pajak orang pribadi sebagai kewajiban yang harus dijalankan dan ketentuannya telah diatur sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Pelaporan SPT selama ini menimbulkan banyak permasalahan khususnya bagi wajib pajak orang pribadi yang telah berkeluarga (menikah) karena status pernikahan akan menentukan di dalam pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi (SPT PPh OP). Sesuai dengan perubahan format yang baru melalui dikeluarkannya Peraturan Direkur Jenderal Pajak PER-19/PJ/2014 yang mewajibkan pengisian status kewajiban perpajakan bagi wajib pajak orang pribadi khusunya yang telah menikah maka hal tersbut akan menimbulkan implikasi perpajakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi perubahan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi literature dan wawancara mendalam. Implikasi yang timbul adalah kurang bayar maupun lebih bayar dalam pelaporan SPT PPh OP.

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Reporting tax return for individual tax payers as an obligation that must be carried out which provisions have been set in accordance with the provisions of the existing legislation. Reporting SPT, has brought many problems, especially for individual taxpayers who have a family (married) because of marital status will determine in reporting personal income tax (SPT individual income tax). In accordance with the new format changes through the enactment of the DGT (Directorate General of Taxation) Regulation PER-19/PJ/2014 which requires the charging status of tax obligations for an individual taxpayer who has been married especially then it will lead to some tax implications. This study aims to analyze the implications of changes in the tax return for individual tax payers. This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques done with literature studies and in-depth interviews. The implication that arises is underpayment or overpayment of the reporting individual income tax returns."

"Pada periode tahun 2013-2017 telah ditetapkan 3 kali kenaikan Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak (PTKP) untuk pajak penghasilan pribadi, namun belum ada studi yang menguji kebijakan tersebut dalam konteks efektivitas dalam meningkatkan pendapatan wajib pajak. Peneliti menguji dampak kenaikan PTKP menggunakan data pendapatan bersih dari Sakernas dan menggunakan metode Pooled OLS untuk mengestimasi pengaruh kenaikan PTKP terhadap pendapatan. Estimasi statistik menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan PTKP berpengaruh positif terhadap pendapatan bersih di kelompok pendapatan bawah dalam 3 kali periode kebijakan. Sedangkan untuk kelompok pendapatan di atasnya hanya signifikan berpengaruh di dua periode pertama. Studi ini memberikan bukti empiris efektivitas dari kebijakan kenaikan PTKP.

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In the period of 2013-2017 the government has carried out three times Personal Income Tax (PIT) Exemption expansions, but there are no studies that examine the policy in the context of effectiveness in increasing taxpayer income. We tested the impact of PTKP increases using net income data from Sakernas and used the Pooled OLS method to estimate the effect of PIT exemption increases on income. Statistical estimates show that the increase in PIT exemption has a positive effect on net income in the lower income group in 3 policy periods. Whereas the higher income group is only significantly affected the income in the first two periods. This study provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of PIT exemption expansion policy.

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"Banyaknya jumlah UMKM di Kota Depok tidak sebanding dengan angka penerimaan pajak dari para pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok. Maka dari itu, petugas pajak di Kota Depok perlu melakukan sosialisasi pajak agar pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok diharapkan mendapatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan kecakapan agar dapat melaksanakan kewajiban perpajakannya secara mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat literasi pajak pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok terkait dengan Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi (PPh OP) dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sosialisasi pajak terhadap tingkat literasi PPh OP pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui metode kuantitatif yaitu dengan melakukan survei. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden yang merupakan pelaku orang pribadi pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok memiliki tingkat literasi PPh OP yang tinggi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara sosialisasi pajak terhadap tingkat literasi PPh OP pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok dengan nilai pengaruh sebesar 52,5% yaitu cukup kuat.

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This purpose of this research is to measure the level of tax literacy of MSME actors in Kota Depok retaled to personal income tax and to determine the effect of tax socialization on personal income tax literacy of MSME actors in Kota Depok. The large number of MSME in Kota Depok is not proportional to the number of tax revenues from MSME sector in Kota Depok. Therefore, tax officers in Kota Depok need to conduct tax socialization so that MSME actors in Kota Depok are excepected to gain knowledge, understanding and skills in order to carry out their tax obligations independently. This research uses a quantitative approach. The technique of collecting data is through quantitative methods, namely by conducting surveys. Respondents in this research amounted to 100 respondents who are MSME in Kota Depok. The results of this research indicate that MSME actors in Kota Depok have a high level of personal income tax literacy. In addition, this research also shows that there is a positive effect between tax socialization on the level of personal income tax literacy of individual MSME in Kota Depok with an effect value of 52.5%.

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