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"Human trafficking is widely considered to be the fastest growing branch of trafficking, having moved rapidly up the agenda of states and international organisations since the early 1990s, as its implications for security and human rights have become clearer. Provides original research findings on human trafficking, with particular reference to Europe, South East Asia and Australia, and advocates radical new approaches"

"Perdagangan manusia (trafficking in persons) dan penyelundupan manusia (people smuggling) merupakan suatu bentuk perpindahan (migrasi) penduduk secara ilegal. Meskipun terdapat kesamaan dalam hal perpindahan ilegal, perdagangan dan penyelundupan manusia sesungguhnya merupakan dua hal yang berbeda. Untuk itulah dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan masalah bagaimana instrumen hukum internasional maupun nasional dalam mengkaji perdagangan dan penyelundupan manusia serta apa yang menjadi unsur utama dalam membedakan perdagangan dan penyelundupan manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan analisa kualitatif. Yang menjadi kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah perdagangan dan penyelundupan manusia yang dikaji dalam instrument hukum internasional dan nasional merupakan dua bentuk kejahatan yang berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya. Yang menjadi unsur pembeda dalam dua bentuk kejahatan tersebut adalah persetujuan, tujuan dan jangkauan wilayah.

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Trafficking in persons and people smuggling is a form of displacement (migration) of illegal residents. Although there are similarities in terms of illegal migration, trafficking and people smuggling are actually two different things. For that reason in this study formulated the problem of how international and national legal instruments in assessing of human trafficking and smuggling, and also what is the key element in distinguishing trafficking and people smuggling. This study is a descriptive study with qualitative analysis.

The conclusions in this study, the international and national legal instruments are examined in that trafficking in persons and people smuggling are the two forms of crime, are different from one another. The distinctive elements in the two forms of crime are the agreement, the purpose and coverage area."

"This book analyzes, first part describes the soft threats to human rights, derived from the devaluation of the politics and the productive economy with regard to the finance. It entails the concealment of the reality in the shape of exploitation as the tax havens and in the shape of marginalization of the persons with different abilities. The second part include a study of hard threats to human rights and examines two cases of failed states, Afghanistan and Somalia, in which the violence has supplanted the politics and the economy. In view of these situations it is necessary to rethink the force of classic ius gentium and the humanitarian right. The third part presents the European Union as a legal and political space in which conditions of a worthy life are better defended by means of the primacy of practical reason and social state of law, and by the requirement of peace as the main rule of international relations. "

"Perdagangan orang merupakan masalah yang telah menjadi perhatian internasional sejak dahulu kala. Tindakan perdagangan orang kerap memakan korban yang identik dengan keadaan rentan karena lebih memudahkan dalam prakteknya. Salah satu keadaan rentan yang dimanfaatkan oleh pelaku perdagangan orang adalah kondisi rentan dari seorang pengungsi. Skripsi ini menganalisis kasus-kasus mengenai pengungsi yang menjadi korban perdagangan orang, dan dikaitkan dengan dua instrumen hukum internasional. Seseorang dapat dikatakan tergolong dalam kategori serorang pengungsi jika sudah memenuhi unsur-unsur yang terkandung di dalam Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children adalah instrumen hukum internasional yang mengatur mengenai tindakan perdagangan orang, yang merupakan protokol tambahan dari Convention on Transnational Organized Crime 2000. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan analisis pendekatan yuridis normatif. Analisis ini mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat berbagai alasan yang mendasari para pengungsi untuk meninggalkan negaranya, dan bahwa keadaan rentan mereka sebagai pengungsi kerap dimanfaatkan oleh para pelaku perdagangan orang melalui berbagai cara yang merupakan unsur-unsur dari perbuatan perdagangan orang yang melanggar TOC Convention 2000 Protocol.

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Human trafficking has been a concerning international problem since a long time ago. Traffickers are often targeting vulnerable group of people because it is easier to commit human trafficking towards vulnerable group of people, such as refugees. Vulnerable condition of a refugee is an advantage to traffickers. This thesis analyzes cases about refugees who are victims of human trafficking, and being related to two international law instruments. A person can be categorized as a refugees if the elements of a refugee based on Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 has been fulfilled. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children is an international law instrument that regulates the act of human trafficking, which also an additional protocol of Convention on Transnational Organized Crime 2000. This thesis uses normative legal method of research as well as juridical normative analysis in addressing the issue. This analysis concludes that there are several reasons for refugees to leave their country, and that their vulnerable condition as a refugee are often being misused by traffickers through ways which are the elements of human trafficking action against TOC Convention 2000 Protocol."

"A critical discussion of EU and ECHR migration and refugee law, this book analyses the law on asylum and immigration of third country-nationals. It focuses on how the EU norms interact with ECHR human rights case law on migration, and the pitfalls of European human rights pluralism."

"Salah satu kejahatan transnasional yang sering terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia adalah kejahatan perdagangan orang. Pelaku dalam kejahatan perdagangan orang tidak selalu berkaitan dengan organisasi kejahatan. Konsep criminal network dipakai untuk menganalisis tulisan ini. Criminal network dalam tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa didalam suatu kejahatan perdagangan orang terdapat peran individual yang terbagi menjadi directed network dan transaction network, yang menjadikan kejahatan tersebut sebagai kejahatan terorganisir.

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One of the most common transnational crimes in Indonesian society is the crime of trafficking in persons. The perpetrators are not always related to criminal organizations nor group. In this paper, I examine the event of human trafficking by borrowing the concept of Criminal Network. I argue that in a trafficking in persons, there is an individual role that is divided into directed network and transaction network, which makes the crime as organized crime."

"Migration, trafficking and smuggling are different issues butinter-related. Migration may take place through regular or irregularchannels and could be freely chosen or forced upon the migrant as a meansof survival. international migration is one of the responses to the changesof socio-economic conditions between countries as people attempt toimprove their standard of living. Social conflicts arising front the collapseof political systems are mostly behind the movement of people, economictensions originating front rebuilding global capitalism are alsocontributing forced labor mobility in world scale. Transnational mobility inSoutheast Asia has been made used by syndicates involved in dragtrafficking and also hunan trafficking especially women and children. Thispaper attempts to elaborate interlinks between migration, the phenomena ofundocumented labor, trafficking and politics in Southeast Asia."