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"Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism addresses major questions in distributive politics. Why is it acceptable for parties to try to win elections by promising to make certain groups of people better off, but unacceptable - and illegal - to pay people for their votes? Why do parties often lavish benefits on loyal voters, whose support they can count on anyway, rather than on responsive swing voters? Why is vote buying and machine politics common in today's developing democracies but a thing of the past in most of today's advanced democracies? This book develops a theory of broker-mediated distribution to answer these questions, testing the theory with research from four developing democracies, and reviews a rich secondary literature on countries in all world regions. The authors deploy normative theory to evaluate whether clientelism, pork-barrel politics, and other non-programmatic distributive strategies can be justified on the grounds that they promote efficiency, redistribution, or voter participation."

"Party identification has a crucial influence on individual political attitudes and behavior. Although many past studies have identified the factors affecting individual party identification, little scholarly attention has been paid to the relationships between dispositional factors and party identification. Therefore, this study aims to examine how personality traits influence individual partisanship, that is, whether the traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience would make individuals become partisans or independents. By using two original survey datasets, this study finds that the Big Five personality traits have no direct effects on Taiwanese people’s partisanship, but they could exert indirect effects on partisanship through political interest and strength of individual position on the independence-unification issue. Specifically, agreeableness and conscientiousness could respectively have a negative or positive indirect effect on partisanship via political interest. Besides, agreeableness and openness to experience could respectively have a negative or positive indirect effect on partisanship via individual position on the independence-unification issue. Consequently, although this study reveals no direct relationships between personality traits and partisanship, it does not necessarily mean that personality traits have nothing to do with partisanship. In fact, personality traits could indirectly influence Taiwanese people’s partisanship through the mediation of political attitudes. To sum up, this study confirms that dispositional factors could have a certain influence on Taiwanese people’s partisanship and provides a new theoretical perspective to explain Taiwanese people’s party identification. However, due to data limitations, this study only provides an exploratory analysis, and calls for future research to identify more complete relationships between personality traits and Taiwanese people’s party identification."