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"Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah kajian bandingan tipologis atas bahasa-bahasa Flores. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengelompokkan bahasa-bahasa Flores berdasarkan pola urutan katabahasa-bahasa tersebut. Penelitian difokuskan pada 14 bahasa yang digunakan di lima kabupaten di pulau Flores dan pulau-pulau kecil sekitarnya. Data untuk penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan daftar tanyaan yang terdiri atas 161 frase dan 103 kalimat. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan parameter-parameter Greenberg (1966), sambil menerapkan hasil penelitian Sudaryanto (1933) mengenai konstruksi dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. Bahasa-bahasa Flores termasuk bahasa bertipe VO-Pr-NG-NA, dan modifier mendahului V. Selain keselerasan pola urutan kata VO-Pr-NG-NA dan modifier yang mendahului V, terdapat lima konstruksi bahasa Flores yang selaras dengan pola urutan kata VO-Pr-NG-NA dan modifier yang mendahului V tersebut, yaitu konstruksi nominal substantif, nominal lokatif, nominal lokatif-partitif, dan pradikatif berpendesak desideratif Di samping kelima konstruksi tersebut, pola urutan kata konstruksi predikatif berpendesak negatif, konstruksi komparatif kelebihan dan kepalingan, dan pola urutan kata konstruksi nominal temporal secara dominan selaras dengan pola urutan kata VO-Pr NG-NA di atas. Dilihat dari pola urutan katanya, bahasa Flores terbagi atas dua kelompok besar, yaitu kelompok bahasa Flores Timur dan kelompok bahasa Flores Barat. Kelompok bahasa Flores Barat terbagi atas dua subkelompok, yaitu subkelompok bahasa Flores Barat (mencakup bahasa Komodo, Manggarai, dan Rembong) dan subkelompok bahasa Flores Tengah (yang mencakup bahasaNgada, Lio, Fade, Palue, Sikh., dan Muhang . Dan kelompok bahasa Flores Timur terdiri atas bahasa Lamaholot, Atadei, Horinara, Ili ape, dan Kedang. Ciri pola urutan kata subkelompok Flores Barat secara dominan mewarnai pola urutan kata subkelompok bahasa Flores Tengah dan kelompok bahasa Flores Timur. Namur, selain ciri subkelompok Flores Barat, dalam kelompok bahasa Flores Timur terdapat cukup banyak pola urutan kata `dari Timur' (istilah Keraf, 1978: 223). Tipe urutan kata Timuritu cukup banyak ditemukan di dalam subkelompok Flores Tengah, dan sangat sedikit pada subkelompok bahasa Flores Barat: Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa pola urutan asli bahasa Flores adalah pola urutan subkelompok Flores Barat.

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Word Order Typology of Languages in FloresThis research is a study of word order typology of languages in Flores. The airw .of this research is to establish grouping of languages in Flores according to word order typology of these languages. The object of this research are 14 languages which are spoken in five regencies in the island of Flores and in some small island surrounding it. The data for this research is collected by a questionarry consisting of 161 phrases and 103 sentences. The data is analyzed using Greenberg's parameters (1966) and Sudaryanto's proposals (1993) on constructions of Indonesian.

The result of this research are as follows. All languages in Flores belong to VO-Pr-NGNA type and the modifier is placed before V. There is a harmony among parts of this type. Besides the harmony between VO-Pr-NG-NA order and the modifier before V VO-Pr-NG-NA order also has harmony with nominal substantive construction nominal locative construction nominal locative-partite construction and predicative construction. There are two other constructions where VO-Pr-NG-NA word order type is dominantly in harmony with i.c. comparative constructions and nominal temporal construction. Viewed from the word order type languages in Flores are divided into two groups namely West Flores group and East Flores group. The west Flores group is again divided into two subgroups, i.e. West Flores subgroup (comprising Komodo, Manggarai, and Rembong languages) and Central Flores subgroup (comprising Ngada, Lio, Endo, Palue, Sikka, and Muhang languages). The East Flores group includes Lamaholot, Atadei, Horinara, Iliape, and Kedang languages.

The West Flores word order type dominates both Central Flores subgroup and East Flores group's word order type. In East Flores group there are also some word order types originated from Farther East, outside of Flores (Keraf 1978: 223). These word order type from the East are also found in West Flores subgroup languages. It could be concluded that the original word order in the languages in Flores is that of the West Flores."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian awal untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai situasi kebahasaan di Sumatra Barat; khususnya Kepulauan Mentawai khususnya mengenai jalin­ menjalinnya bahasa daerah di sana satu sama lain di satu pihak dan jalinannya dengan bahasa Indonesia di pihak lain. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui pengamatan setempat, wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada para responden,yang dipilih dengan mempertimbangkan berbagaifaktor sosial seperti jenis kelamin usia,pekerjaan dan daerah asal mereka. Data sekunder diperoleh berdasarkan hasil Sensus Penduduk 1980. Kedua jenis data diramu menjadi seru dan dibahas bersama-sama.Dari penelitian awal ini diperoleh gambaran bahwa di Kepulauan Mentawai terdapat lima bahasa daerah setempat yang berbeda, dengan alokasi fungsinya masing-masing yang jelas sekali.Di samping itu sebagai perbandingan dibahas juga hubungan antara bahasa Indonesia dalam hubungannya dengan bahasa daerah umumnya."

"Isu kematian bahasa di dunia semakin mengemuka akhir-akhir ini, tidak terkecuali dengan bahasa Sunda. Hal ini berhubungan dengan fenomena yang terjadi di pusat-pusat kota di Jawa Barat, terutama Bandung, yang diduga kini masyarakatnya, terutama generasi muda, enggan menggunakan lagi bahasa Sunda dalam pergaulan sehari-harinya. Gejala ini menarik untuk dikaji dari sudut pandang kematian bahasa (language death). Oleh karena itu, perlu upayaupaya strategis yang komprehensif untuk mempertahankan bahasa Sunda dari kepunahan.

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The death of a language becomes very popular issue recently all over the world and it is included Sundanese language. This has something to do with the phenomenon which was happened in West Java, especially Bandung, where most of the people, especially young generation are assumed becoming reluctant to use Sundanese language in their daily conversation. This tendency is interesting to be analyzed from the language death point of view. Because of that reason, we need comphrehensive strategic efforts to maintain Sundanese language from extinction."

"ABSTRACT

The focus of this sociolinguistic study is the relationship between social economic status (socionomic status) and the linguistic code, especially the sentence complexity. The purposes of the study are (1) to measure sentence patterns' among groups of speaker socionomic lower-low, upper-low, lower-middle, and upper-middle; (2) to measure the index of sentence complexity based of the average sentence length (ASL), the index of sentence complexity based on average block length (ABL), and the index of sentence based of the average clause depth (ACD) of four socionomic status groups; (3) to measure the variety of sentence complexity among four socionomic status groups; (4) to measure the effect of socionomic status on the sentence complexity; (5) to measure the contributions of each subvariable of socionomic status to the sentence complexity, and; (6) to measure the close relationship between socionomic status and sentence complexity.

This study used two approaches, namely lingustic and sociological approaches. The relationship between socionomic status and sentence complexity was analyzed in terms deficit theory. The subjects of this study were the native speakers of the Minangkabau language in Municipality of Padang. The data were sentences spoken by informants and individual reports about the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the informants. The data were collected by using recording and questionnaire. The data in the form of sentence were analyzed by using the technique of sentence patterns measurement and sentence complexity according to Cook (1979). Data that were collected by using questionnaire were analyzed by using Hollingshead and Redlich's (1958) and Labov's techniques (1966) to measure the socionomic status of the speakers. Sentence complexity variation among the four socionomic status groups was measured by using one-way variant analysis. The effect of socionomic to the sentence complexity and the contributions of each socionomic's subvariables to sentence complexity were measured by using double regresion analysis technique.

The findings of this study include the following.

There is no significant different between sentence patterns and the index of sentence complexity of oral Minangkabau language spoken by lower-low, upper-low, lower-middle, and upper-middle socionomic status speaker. The sentence patterns and sentence complexity do not indicate the socionomic status of its speakers. There is no difference of linguistic codes in sentence complexity among the four socionomic status groups.

There is no significant effect between socionomic and ASL. On other side, socionomic status gives significant effect to ABL and ACD. All socionomic's subvariables (Job, education, and income) do not give significant contribution to ASL. Among the three subvariables of socionomic, it is only the income that gives significant contribution to ABL and ACD. Although the effect of socionomic to ASL is minimal, it indicates positive correlation between the socionomic status and ASL, ABL, and ACD."