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"ABSTRAKThe retirement of land from agricultural production as a means of reducing the volume of sub-surface drainage generated in the Western San Joaquin Valley, Calif., is under consideration. Reticence among local farmers and water managers renders only willing-seller land retirement feasible. There is an interest to acquire land that will generate the maximum possible drainage reduction relative to a "no retirement" baseline. An investigation was conducted to determine the drainage reduction potential of the retirement of (1) parcels that span land underlain by tile drains and land free of drainage infrastructure; (2) a "downgradient" parcel plagued by shallow ground water and equipped with subsurface tile drains; and (3) an "upgradient" parcel overlying well-aerated soil requiring no drainage. Long-term modeling with a deforming finite-element model suggests that the contiguous retirement yields the greatest drainage reduction. For single parcels, the 31% drainage reduction potential of downgradient retirement appears more attractive than the 16% drainage reduction associated with upgradient retirement."

"This article attempts to identify factors affecting participation in payment of irrigation service fees. There are fivevariables comprising demographic and economic of land variables were tested to find the variables that influenced theparticipation significantly. The five variables tested consisted of age and formal education as demographic variables;land productivity, land size, and land tenure as the economic of land variables. The results showed that formal education(demographic variable) had positive relationship and land size (economic of land variable) had negative relationshipwith the participation. Positive relationship between formal education and participation in payment of irrigation servicefees meant that the participation increased as farmers’ education increased. Meanwhile, negative relationship betweenland size and the participation in payment of irrigation service fees showed that the farmers’ participation wouldincrease as the land size owned by farmers decreased. In other words, participation in payment of irrigation service feeswas higher among farmers with small lands rather than that among farmers with large lands."