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"Latar belakang: Perubahan gaya hidup antara lain kebiasaan makan lemak tinggi dapat menyebabkan hiperkolesterolemia yang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler yang dapat mempengaruhi keselamatan penerbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh penerbangan jarak panjang dan kebiasaan sering makan berlemak terhadap risiko hiperkolesterolemia pada pilot sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan disain potong lintang dengan sampling purposif dan analisis regresi Cox. Hiperkolesterolemia jika kadar kolesterol total dalam darah puasa lebih dari 200 mg/dl sesuai kriteria NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program). Pengumpulan data yang lain meliputi karakteristik sosio demografi, pekerjaan, dan kebiasaan dengan wawancara yang menggunakan kuesioner. Penelitian di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Jakarta antara pilot yang sedang melakukan medical check-up tanggal 8 sampai 22 Mei 2013. Hasil: Dari 253 pilot yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian, 140 (55,4%) mengalami hiperkolesterolemia. Faktor yang berhubungan bermakna dengan hiperkolesterolemia ialah: penerbangan jarak panjang dan kebiasaan makan berlemak. Pilot yang biasa melakukan penerbangan jarak panjang mempunyai risiko 30% lebih tinggi terkena hiperkolesterolemia dibandingkan pilot dengan penerbangan jarak pendek [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,30; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 0,99-1,71; p = 0,062]. Pilot yang mempunyai kebiasaan dibandingkan dengan pilot yang tidak mempunyai kebiasaan makan makanan berlemak setiap hari mempunyai risiko 32% lebih tinggi terkena hiperkolesterolemia risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,32; 95% CI =0,95-1,86; p = 0,101. Kesimpulan: Penerbangan jarak panjang dan makan berlemak mempertinggi risiko hiperkolesterolemia pada pilot penerbangan sipil Indonesia.

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Background: Lifestyle changes among civil pilots such as high fat eating habits can cause hypercholesterolemia which is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease might affecting the safety of flight. This study aimed to identify thr influence of long haul flights and eating habits on the risk of hypercholesterolemia in civil pilot in Indonesia.

Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling and Cox regression analysis. Data collection included socio demographic, job and habits characteristics by interview using a questionnaire. The subjects consisted of pilots who attending medical check up at Aviation Medical Center Jakarta. Hypercholesterolemia defined as total cholesterol levels in the blood of fasting 200 mg/dl or more in accordance with the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP).

Results: Among 253 civil pilots who participated this study, 140 (55.3%) had hypercholesterolemia. The dominant factors associated with hypercholesterolemia were long-haul flights and frequent eating fatty foods. Pilot who used than did not use have long haul flights had 30% higher risk of developing hypercholesterolemia [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-1.71; P = 0.062]. Pilots who had than did not often habit of eating fatty foods each day had 32% higher risk to be hypercholesterolemia (RRa) = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.95-1.86; P = 0.101].

Conclusion: Long haul flights and eatimgh fatty food habit everyday increased the risk of hypercholesterolemia among civil pilots in Indonesia."

""The only book you need to raise customer service to a world-class level--from bestselling author and leadership guru Ken Blanchard Written as an entertaining customer-service "parable," I Care--Do You? offers an easy-to-implement model based on the importance of caring for both internal and external customers. Ideal for both managers seeking to raise the level of their employees, as well as self-driven customer service professionals, this powerful guide combines practical advice with the rationale behind it to increase customer loyalty through sincere customer care.Ken Blanchard is Chief Spiritual Officer of The Ken Blanchard Companies, a global management training and consulting firm he cofounded in 1979. Victoria Halsey is Vice President of Applied Learning for The Ken Blanchard Companies. Kathy Cuff is a Senior Consulting Partner for The Ken Blanchard Companies"-"

"Latar Belakang: Penerbang militer berisiko mengalami hipoksia selama melaksanakan tugas terbang oleh karena penurunan tekanan parsial oksigen (O2) yang terjadi seiring pesawat mencapai ketinggian. Tubuh beradaptasi terhadap hipoksia dengan berbagai mekanisme seperti menjaga kestabilan kadar hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) dan merangsang pelepasan heat shock protein (HSP) untuk menjaga kondisi homeostasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons tubuh terhadap kondisi hipoksia hipobarik dikaitkan dengan kadar HIF-1α dan HSP 70 serum pada penerbang militer yang melaksanakan uji latih hipoksia di Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Ruang Angkasa (Lakespra) dr. Saryanto.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest design yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Juli 2023. Subjek penelitian adalah penerbang militer aktif yang terjadwal melaksanakan uji latih hipoksia, memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta bersedia menandatangani informed consent. Oksigenasi diberikan setelah pajanan hipoksia sebagai bagian dari prosedur latihan. Pengambilan darah diambil sebelum dan sesudah uji latih hipoksia selanjutnya diperiksa dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Hasil: Sebanyak 31 orang penerbang militer diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini dengan rincian 13 (41,9 %) penerbang pesawat angkut, 7 (22,6%) penerbang pesawat helikopter, 6 (19,4%) penerbang pesawat tempur dan 5 (16,1%) penerbang pesawat tanpa awak. Analisis dengan uji t berpasangan mengungkapkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,910) antara kadar HSP 70 serum sebelum (5,59 (1,88- 20,17) ng/dl) dan sesudah (5,59 (1,88-20,17) ng/dl) uji latih hipoksia. Analisis dengan uji Wilcoxon mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,008) antara HIF-1α serum sebelum (534,03±261,48 pg/dl) dan sesudah (465,48±209,83 pg/dl) uji latih hipoksia.Kesimpulan: Uji latih hipoksia tidak memengaruhi kadar HSP 70 serum pada penerbang militer. Terdapat penurunan kadar HIF-1α serum yang bermakna pada penerbang militer setelah melaksanakan uji latih hipoksia.

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Background: Military pilots are at risk of experiencing hypoxia during flight duties due to the decrease in oxygen partial pressure that occurs as the aircraft reaches altitude. The body adapts to hypoxia through various mechanisms, such as stabilizing the levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and stimulating heat shock protein (HSP) release to maintain homeostasis. This study aims to determine physiological response to hypobaric hypoxia conditions in relation to serum HIF-1α and HSP 70 levels in military pilots who carry out hypoxia training tests at Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Ruang Angkasa (Lakespra) dr. Saryanto.

Methods: This research is an experimental study with a one group pretest-posttest design conducted from May to July 2023. The research subjects were active military pilots who were scheduled to carry out hypoxia training tests, met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were willing to sign informed consent. Oxygenation is administered after hypoxic exposure as part of the training procedure. Blood samples were taken before and after the hypoxia training test and then examined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Result : A total of 31 military pilots were included in this study, consist of 13 (41.9%) transport aircraft pilots, 7 (22.6%) helicopter pilots, 6 (19.4%) fighter aircraft pilots and 5 (16.1%) unmanned aircraft pilot. Paired t test revealed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.910) between serum HSP 70 levels before (5.59 (1.88-20.17) ng/dl) and after (5.59 (1.88 -20.17) ng/dl) hypoxia training test. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed that there was a significant difference (p = 0.008) between serum HIF-1α before (534.03 ± 261.48 pg/dl) and after (465.48 ± 209.83 pg/dl) hypoxia training test.

Conclusion: Hypoxia training test did not affect serum HSP 70 levels in military pilots. There was a significant decline in serum HIF-1α levels in military pilots after performing hypoxia training test."

"Laporan magang ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi prosedur pengujian pengendalian dan pengujian substantif atas akun kas PT DEF untuk periode 31 Agustus 2022. PT DEF bergerak dalam industri telekomunikasi. Ruang lingkup prosedur audit yang dibahas yaitu pengujian pengendalian dan pengujian substantif. Pengujian pengendalian dilakukan dengan melakukan vouching atas transaksi penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas, sedangkan pengujian substantif dilakukan dengan menyusun lead schedule serta melakukan konfirmasi dan rekonsiliasi bank. Acuan yang digunakan dalam melakukan evaluasi adalah buku teks audit serta standar audit yang relevan. Hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan menjelaskan bahwa KAP ABC telah melakukan prosedur audit sesuai dengan standar audit yang berlaku.

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This internship report aims to evaluate the procedures for tests of controls and substantive tests of PT DEF's cash account for the period of August 31, 2022. PT DEF is engaged in the telecommunications industry. The scope of audit procedures discussed are tests of controls and substantive tests. Tests of controls are carried out by vouching transactions for cash receipts and disbursements, while substantive tests are carried out by compiling lead schedules and conducting bank confirmations and reconciliations. The references used in conducting the evaluation are audit textbooks and relevant auditing standards. The evaluation results that have been carried out explain that KAP ABC has carried out audit procedures in accordance with applicable audit standards."

"Asam risinoleat merupakan asam lemak yang banyak terkandung di dalam minyak jarak. Asam risinoleat terdiri atas 18 karbon, memiliki ikatan rangkap di C9, gugus hidroksil di C12, dan gugus karboksil di terminal. Struktur yang unik dari asam risinoleat dapat dimodifikasi sehingga dapat dihasilkan berbagai macam senyawa derivat yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba dan sifat toksik. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan modifikasi asam risinoleat menggunakan etanolamina membentuk lipoamida melalui reaksi esterifikasi, hidrasi, dan amidasi. Reaksi esterifikasi asam risinoleat menjadi metil risinoleat menggunakan metanol dengan katalis HCl 1% (w/w). Reaksi hidrasi pada ikatan C=C metil risinoleat dilakukan dalam kondisi asam. Sementara reaksi amidasinya dengan etanolamina. Produk dari setiap tahapan reaksi diidentifikasi dengan KLT dan dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR. Hasil FTIR senyawa lipoamida risinoleat terhidrasi – etanolamina menunjukkan adanya pita serapan ulur N-H dan O-H yang overlapping pada bilangan gelombang 3633 – 3043 cm-1. Selain itu, terdapat puncak serapan C=O amida di 1651 cm-1 serta puncak serapan medium C-N dan N-H tekuk masing-masing pada bilangan gelombang 1551 cm-1 dan 1467 cm-1. Produk lipoamida yang diperoleh kemudian diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada konsentrasi 500 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, senyawa lipoamida risinoleat terhidrasi – etanolamina tidak menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan bakteri Escherichia coli. Pada uji toksisitas dengan Daphnia magna selama 24 jam, senyawa lipoamida risinoleat terhidrasi – etanolamina memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 32.23 ppm dan tergolong senyawa dengan toksisitas rendah.

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Ricinoleic acid is a fatty acid found in castor oil. Ricinoleic acid consists of 18 carbons, has a double bond at C9, a hydroxyl group at C12, and a carboxyl group at the terminal. The unique structure of ricinoleic acid can be modified to produce various derivative compounds with antimicrobial activity and toxic properties. This study modified ricinoleic acid using ethanolamine to form lipoamides through esterification, hydration, and amidation reactions. Esterification reaction of ricinoleic acid into methyl ricinoleate using methanol with 1% (w/w) HCl catalyst. The hydration reaction on the C=C bond of methyl ricinoleate was affected under acidic conditions. While the amidation reaction with ethanolamine. The products of each reaction step were identified by TLC and characterized by FTIR. The FTIR results of hydrated ricinoleic lipoamide - ethanolamine showed the presence of overlapping N-H and O-H stretching absorption bands at a wave number of 3633 – 3043 cm-1. In addition, there is an absorption peak of C=O amide at 1651 cm-1 and an absorption peak of C-N and N-H bending medium at wave numbers of 1551 cm-1 and 1467 cm-1, respectively. The lipoamide product obtained was then tested for its antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method at a concentration of 500 ppm. Based on the test results, the hydrated ricinoleic lipoamide – ethanolamine did not show any inhibitory activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. In the toxicity test with Daphnia magna for 24 hours, the hydrated lipoamide ricinoleate – ethanolamine has an LC50 value of 32.23 ppm and is classified as a compound with low toxicity."