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"Text provides information needed to braze materials that will be used in the 21st century. Revised to include lessons learned on tooling, design, materials, atmospheres, processing, and equipment. For brazing technologists and engineers."

"Principles of Brazing is a valuable resource for those working with the brazing process or designing component joints. This book will help solve practical engineering challenges, by building on fundamental metallurgy. Precisely written, and well referenced, containing 200 figures and 56 tables, this book compares joining methods, explains the fundamental parameters of brazes, and surveys the metallurgy of braze alloy systems. The joining atmosphere, fluxes and fluxless brazing are investigated. The constraints that component metal and non-metal materials place on the brazing process are examined. A chapter is devoted to the direct brazing of non-metals. Jewelers will find the chapter on filler metals for gold and silver of interest. The authors received valuable feedback from readers of their first book, Principles of Soldering and Brazing."

"Penerapan penggunaan komponen bimetal pada industri high vacuum, cryogenic, medis, serta nuklir memerlukan adanya proses penyambungan kedua material dengan logam berbeda, salah satunya dengan metode brazing. Brazing adalah proses penyambungan logam dengan menempatkan logam pengisi pada permukaan sambungan kemudian dilelehkan, tanpa melelehkan logam dasar. Pada penelitian ini, bahan AA1100 dan tembaga murni disambung dengan metode brazing dengan variasi celah sambungan 0 mm, 0.075 mm, dan 0.15 mm. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji mikrostruktur, uji tarik, serta uji keras. Hasil penelitian menujukkan hasil sambungan yang didapat berkekuatan rendah, akibat dari tidak terjadi pembasahan dan aksi kapilar yang merupakan syarat utama proses brazing. Nilai kuat tarik sambungan jauh di bawah nilai kuat tarik aluminium AA1100, 20 MPa dibandingkan dengan 110 MPa. Terjadi proses rekristalisasi dan pertumbuhan butir pada area HAZ baik di sisi aluminium AA1100 maupun di sisi tembaga murni.

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The use of bimetallic component in high vacuum industry, cryogenic, and medical area requires a process of joining two different metals, with brazing as one of the selected method. Brazing is a joining process in which the use of logam pengisi metal is melted and flowed into the joint. In this study, AA1100 and Cu is joined using torch brazing method with the variant of joint clearance of 0 mm, 0.075 mm, and 0.15 mm. tests that was carried out including microstructure test, tensile test, and hardness test. Results show that the joints were not strong, due to no wetting and capillary action which are the main requirements for the brazing process. Ultimate tensile strength of the joint is way lower than the ultimate tensile strength of AA1100, with the value compared are 20 MPa to 110 MPa. Recrystallization and grain growth were occurred whether in AA1100 side or pure copper side."

"Lapisan Zinc-Nickel-Cobalt digunakan sebagai lapisan proteksi pelat baja karena memiliki ketahanan korosi yang tinggi. Namun saat terpapar suhu tinggi, karena adanya proses brazing saat penggabungan dua komponen pelat baja dan pipa tembaga, lapisan proteksi ini kehilangan kemampuannya tersebut. Saat pelat baja hasil canai dingin yang telah dilapisi Zn-Ni-Co dengan metode elektro galvanis terpapar panas api brazing dari oxy-acetilene, selama 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; dan 30 detik. Kondisi lapisan proteksi mengalami keretakan mengakibatkan ketahanan korosinya turun dari 288 jam menjadi hanya kurang dari 24 jam saat diuji dengan salt spray. Propertis lainnya seperti komposisi kimia dan berat lapisan cenderung tidak berubah.

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Zinc-Nickel-Cobalt coating is used to protect of steel plate because of high corrosion resistance. However, when exposed to high temperatures, due to the brazing process when uniting the two components of steel plates and copper pipe, protection layer is losing its ability. Steel plate cold rolled with Zn-Ni-Co electrogalvanizing coated exposed to the heat of the oxy-flame brazing acetylene, for 5, 10, 15; 20, 25, and 30 seconds; condition of protection layer became cracking, corrosion resistance decreased from 288 hours to just less than 24 hours when tested with a salt spray. Other properties such as chemical composition and coating weight are stable."

"Pembangunan infrastruktur yang saat ini sedang berlangsung, banyak menggunakan material baja berkekuatan tinggi sebagai material utama dalam membangun infrastruktur-infrastruktur tersebut. Seperti contoh penggunaan baja SM570 untuk struktur jalan tol layang, dimana proses penyambungan antar struktur baja tersebut digunakan proses pengelasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh kandungan nikel dalam kawat las terhadap struktur mikro dan sifat mekanik hasil pengelasan flux-cored arc welding baja SM570. Penelitian ini menggunakan baja SM570-TMC sebagai bahan uji dengan dimensi 370mm (p) x 300mm (l) x 16mm (t). Pengelasan dilakukan menggunakan metode FCAW dengan gas pelindung CO2 (100%), dengan desain sambungan butt joint (V groove), posisi las 1G, dan variabel kandungan nikel kawat las 0,4%, 1%, dan 1,5%. Pengamatan metalografi dilakukan untuk melihat struktur mikro yang terbentuk pada kampuh las, HAZ, dan logam induk. Radiografi untuk melihat ada tidaknya cacat setelah pengelasan. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui sifat mekanis hasil lasan dilakukan pengujian kekerasan untuk melihat distribusi kekerasan pada kampuh las, HAZ, dan logam induk, uji tarik, uji ketangguhan impak Charpy pada variabel suhu 25°C, 0°C dan -20°C dan uji komposisi menggunakan OES, SEM/EDX. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan tertinggi terdapat pada kandungan nikel 1% dengan nilai kekerasan 228 HV, diikuti oleh 1,5% (217 HV) dan 0,4% (193 HV). Kekuatan tarik tertinggi juga terdapat pada kandungan nikel 1% dengan 585 MPa, diikuti oleh 0,4% (578,5 MPa) dan 1,5% (575,5 MPa). Ketangguhan impak tertinggi juga terdapat pada kandungan nikel 1% (25°C = 186 J, 0°C = 171,5 J dan -20°C = 155 J), diikuti oleh 0,4% (178 J; 162,5 J; 127 J) dan 1,5% (108,5 J; 106,3 J; 77,9 J).

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The highway and underway infrastructure development use high strength steel (HSS) as the main material in building these infrastructure. As an example SM570 steel for the structure of elevated toll roads, where the joining process between steel structures is used the welding process. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine how the effects of nickel content on welding wire to microstructure and mechanical properties in flux-cored arc welding SM570-TMC steel.

This study uses SM570 steel as a test material with dimensions of 370mm (p) x 300mm (l) x 16mm (t). Welding is carried out using the FCAW method with CO2 shielding gas (100%), with a butt joint (V groove) connection design, 1G (flat) welding position, and nickel welding wire variable 0,4%, 1% and 1,5%. Metallographic observations were carried out to see the microstructure formed in the weld metal, HAZ, and base metal. Whereas to determine the mechanical properties of welds, a micro hardness test was used to see the hardness distribution on weld metal, HAZ, and base metal. Radiography to see defects after welding process. The others are tensile test, impact toughness test at temperature variable 25°C, 0°C, and -20°C and composition test (using OES, SEM/EDX).

The test results show that the highest value of hardness occurs in the welding wire containing 1% (228 HV), followed by 1,5% (217 HV) and 0,4% (193 HV). Highest value of tensile strength also occurs in the welding wire containing 1% (585 MPa), followed by 0,4% (578,5 MPa) and 1,5% (575,5 MPa). Highest value of impact toughness also occurs in the welding wire containing 1% (25°C = 186 J, 0°C = 171,5 J and -20°C = 155 J), followed by 0,4% (178 J; 162,5 J; 127 J) and 1,5% (108,5 J; 106,3 J; 77,9 J)."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan proses torch brazing dengan mentransmisikan tekanan pada sampel yang akan dilakukan proses brazing. Alat didesain dengan software Inventor 2013 yang kemudian disimulasi dengan software Ansys 14. Simulasi dilakukan dengan metode static-thermal simulation. Percobaan dilakukan dengan memberikan variasi tekanan mekanik pada sampel, dan menganalisis hasil dari sampel. Tekanan mekanik yang diberikan sebesar 0, 0,7, 1,2, dan 1,7 MPa. Stress diperoleh melalui dua metode analisis, yakni perhitungan analitik dan perhitungan numerik. Tegangan termal sebesar 2,1 GPa dengan metode perhitungan analitik, dan 1,57 GPa dengan simulasi numerik. Hasil menunjukan semakin besar tekanan mekanik yang diberikan maka semakin besar pula displacement. Ketika filler meleleh, tekanan mekanik menyebabkan sampel saling dorong dan menyebabkan berkurangnya ketebalan filler. Semakin tinggi tekanan statik yang diberikan maka semakin kecil ketebalan filler. Sehingga apabila dipanaskan akan membuat stainless steel mengalami pemuaian panjang dan mengakibatkan thermal stress. Semakin tipis ketebalan filler akibat tekanan mekanik akan mengakibatkan jarak interaksi semakin kecil, dan dengan muai panjang yang sama akan mengakibatkan thermal stress semakin besar seiring bertambahnya tekanan mekanik. Sehingga displacement akan semakin besar seiring dengan semakin besarnya tekanan mekanik yang diberikan.

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This study is to develop the process of torch brazing to transmit the pressure on the sample to be brazed. The device is designed by Autodesk Inventor 2013 then simulated with ANSYS 14. Simulations performed with a static-thermal stress method. The experiments were performed by providing mechanical pressure variations in the sample, and analyze the results of the sample. Mechanical stress is given by 0, 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7 MPa. Thermal stress obtained through the two methods of analysis, the analytical calculations and numerical calculations. Thermal stress of 2.1 GPa is obtained with analytic calculation method, and 1.57 GPa with numerical simulations. The results showed that the greater the mechanical stress is given, the greater the displacement. When the filler melts, causing mechanical pressure push each sample and cause a reduction in the thickness of the filler. The higher the static pressure given the smaller thickness of the filler. Therefore, when the sample is heated to make stainless steel undergo expansion and resulting thermal stress. The thinner the thickness of the filler due to mechanical pressure will result in the interaction distance is getting smaller, and with the same length expansion will result in greater thermal stress with increasing mechanical pressure. Therefore the displacement will increase along with the amount of mechanical stress is given."

"Torch brazing adalah salah satu metode brazing berdasarkan sumber panas. Metode ini dalam proses penyambungan logam tergolong liquid-solid state thermochemical dan pada umumnya digunakan dalam penyambungan pipa. Proses brazing ini memanaskan logam pengisi hingga mencapai titik leleh tanpa melampaui titik leleh logam dasar yang akan disambung. Logam pengisi akan memberikan sambungan yang kuat pada logam dasar setelah mengalami pendinginan. Pemberian tekanan dan panjang lap joint pada proses brazing akan berpengaruh pada kualitas sambungan.Pada penelitian ini akan diketahui pengaruh tekanan dan panjang lap joint terhadap kekuatan sambungan pipa baja rendah karbon bundy dan tembaga C1100T. Konfigurasi yang paling optimal pada panjang lap joint akan diketahui dari hasil beban tarik. Beban tarik dan jarak antar sambungan adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi kekuatan dari sambungan brazing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tekanan memiliki pengaruh lebih besar daripada panjaang lap joint terhadap logam tak sejenis menggunakan torch brazing.

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Torch brazing is one method of brazing based on the heat source. This method as the process of joining metals in classified as liquid-solid state thermochemical and generally used in the joining pipe. This process heats the brazing filler metal until it reaches the melting point without exceeding the melting point of the base metals to be joined. The filler metal will give strong joining to the base metal after cooling. Giving pressure and length of lap joint in the brazing process will affect the quality of the joining.

This research will investigate the effect of pressure and length of lap joint to joint strength of low carbon steel bundy tube and C1100T copper. The most optimal configuration between length of lap joint will be known from the result of shear load, which are the factors that affect joint strength of brazing. The result shows that the pressure have effect bigger than length of lap joint for dissimilar metal using torch brazing.

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