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"Latar BelakangTuberkulosis merupakan penyakit yang umumnya menyerang sistem pernapasan manusia yang diakibatkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia merupakan peringkat kedua dengan kasus TB tertinggi dan terjadi peningkatan kasus juga di Kota Depok. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang meningkatkan risiko terjangkit TB mulai dari merokok, konsumsi alkohol, status gizi, riwayat penyakit penyerta, hingga kondisi tempat tinggal yang memengaruhi risiko TB pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbandingan gejala Tuberkulosis pada mahasiswa berdasarkan tempat tinggalnya.MetodeDesain penelitian ini menggunakan Cross-Sectional dengan data primer yang berasal dari Kuesioner Penelitian Survey elektronik gejala tuberkulosis terhadap mahasiswa UI yang tinggal di asrama mahasiswa atau sewa (kost) dibandingkan yang tinggal bersama keluarga. Pengambilan data selama periode Agustus–September kepada kurang lebih 600 Sivitas Akademika UI dan 720 penghuni asrama UI lalu didapatkan 417 responden. Setelah melewati pembersihan, penyaringan, dan perapihan data terdapat total 351 responden untuk dianalisis. Analisis univariat mendeskripsikan karakteristik demografi, sedangkan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square atau Fisher Exact Test untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara perilaku merokok, konsumsi alkohol, status gizi, riwayat penyakit penyerta, ventilasi, dan kepadatan tempat tinggal dengan gejala TB, serta hubungan antara merokok dengan gejala batuk. Hasil yang signifikan dapat ditentukan jika P < 0.05 dan 95% CI tidak melewati angka 1.HasilKarakterisitik demografi mahasiswa UI berdasarkan usia memiliki penyebaran normalitas yang normal dengan Mean (SD) 20.40 (1.13), jenis kelamin dominan perempuan (67%), sebagian besar berasal dari fakultas kedokteran (65.53), tempat tinggal terbanyak di kamar sewa (kost) atau semacamnya (46.7%), sebagian besar kepadatan tempat tinggal rendah (58.1%), hampir keseluruhan memiliki ventilasi jendela (98.3%), hanya sebagian kecil yang merokok (23.4%) dan konsumsi alkohol (17.7%), status gizi paling banyak ditemukan status normal (45%), hampir semua tidak memiliki riwayat penyakit penyerta (97.4%), ditemukan 100 orang yang memiliki gejala TB dengan gejala terbanyak berupa batuk (49 orang) dan badan lemas atau lesu (54 orang). Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara perilaku merokok (p=0.001) yang dapat meningkatkan peluang terjadinya kejadian gejala TB sebesar 2.5 kali lipat (OR (95%CI): 2.507 (1.492–4.211)) dan tempat tinggal (p=0.009) berupa asrama memiliki peluang menurunkan kejadian gejala TB sebesar 70% ((OR (95%CI): 0.379 (0.199– 0.723)). Konsumsi alkohol, status gizi, riwayat penyakit penyerta, kepadatan tempat tinggal, dan ventilasi tempat tinggal dengan mahasiswa UI bergejala TB, serta antara mahasiswa merokok dengan gejala batuk tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan.KesimpulanPerilaku merokok pada mahasiswa UI dapat meningkatkan peluang memiliki gejala TB sebanyak 2.5 kali lipat. Sementara itu, Tempat tinggal ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan dengan penurunan risiko gejala TB sebesar 70% pada mahasiswa yang tinggal di asrama.

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Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease primarily affecting the respiratory system and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia ranks second globally in TB cases, with an increasing incidence observed in the city of Depok. Several risk factors contribute to an elevated risk of contracting TB, including smoking, alcohol consumption, nutritional status, comorbidities, and residential factors, such as ventilation and housing density, particularly in students vulnerable to TB. This study aims to compare TB symptoms in students based on their living arrangements.

Method

This cross-sectional study utilized primary data from an electronic survey targeting Universitas Indonesia (UI) students residing in dormitories, rented rooms, or with families. Data collection occurred between August and September 2024, involving approximately 600 UI academic community and 720 UI dormitory residents, resulting in 417 respondents. After data cleaning, 351 respondents were analyzed. Univariate analysis described demographic characteristics, while bivariate analysis (Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact Test) identified associations between smoking, alcohol consumption, nutritional status, comorbidities, ventilation, housing density, and TB symptoms. Relationships between smoking and coughing symptoms were also evaluated. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The mean age of respondents was 20.40 years (SD = 1.13), with 67% being female and 65.53% from the Faculty of Medicine. The majority lived in rented rooms (46.7%), had low housing density (58.1%), and adequate ventilation (98.3%). Smoking (23.4%) and alcohol consumption (17.7%) were uncommon. Most had normal nutritional status (45%) and no comorbidities (97.4%). TB symptoms were observed in 100 students, primarily coughing (49%) and fatigue (54%). Smoking was significantly associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of TB symptoms (p=0.001; OR [95% CI]: 2.507 [1.492–4.211]), while dormitory living was linked to a 70% reduced risk (p=0.009; OR [95% CI]: 0.379 [0.199–0.723]). Other factors, including alcohol consumption, nutritional status, housing density, ventilation, and comorbidities, showed no significant associations with TB symptoms.

Conclusion

Smoking significantly increases the likelihood of TB symptoms among UI students by 2.5 times, whereas dormitory living has a protective effect, reducing the risk by 70%. This underscores the importance of smoking cessation and supportive living conditions in TB prevention strategies."

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