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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pasukan Inggris yang bertugas untuk menjalankan tugas pasca Perang Dunia II, yaitu AFNEI. Di Sumatera, pasukan ini difokuskan di kota-kota penting di Sumatera yaitu Medan, Padang, Bukittinggi, dan Palembang. Selama di Sumatera, AFNEI berhasil melucuti dan mengevakuasi Pasukan Jepang, serta menghimpun penjahat perang; dan mengevakuasi APWI. Namun, pasukan ini juga dihadapkan pada konflik antara pihak Indonesia dengan NICA dan juga Jepang yang kemudian menyeret AFNEI ke dalam konflik tersebut ketika AFNEI melakukan tindakan yang menurut pihak Indonesia adalah bentuk kerja sama dengan NICA atau Jepang.

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This thesis discusses the British troops who were doing their post-World War II duties namely AFNEI. In Sumatera, this troops were concentrated in some important cities such as Medan, Padang, Bukittinggi, and Palembang. In Sumatera, AFNEI was succeeded in taking away the Japanese weapons, evacuating them, gathering battlefield criminals, and evacuating APWI. On the other hand, this alliance also faced conflicts among Indonesians, NICA, and the Japanese colonials. AFNEI was also involved in that conflict as Indonesians suspected them to do something considered as cooperation among AFNEI, NICA, and the Japanese Colonials."

"Jurnal ini membahas lukisan Isaac lazarus Israëls, pelukis Belanda di tahun 1880-an. Di Belanda ia mendapat nama sebagai pelukis impresionistik. Ia pernah datang ke Hindia-Belanda pada tahun 1920-an dan melukis mengenai Hindia-Belanda. Penulis ingin melihat bagaimana kacamata Belanda melihat Hindia-Belanda yang dipresentasikan melalui karyanya. Beberapa karya dianalisis melalui unsur-unsur pembangun lukisan. Dari analisis tenyata pandangan Isaac Israëls berbeda ketika ia melihat Belanda dan Hindia-Belanda. Hal itu terjadi karena kedekatan emosional Isaac Israëls terhadap subjek yang dilukisnya. Meskipun dalam melukis keduanya, ia tetap setia pada aliran impresionisme.

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This journal discusses about paintings made by Isaac Lazarus Israëls, an impressionistic painter from the Netherlands in the 1880s. He came to the Netherlands East Indies in the 1920s and made some paintings there. The author aim is to look how people of the Netherlands see the Netherlands East Indies which reflected from his paintings. Some of his works will be analyzed through the painting elements. The result shows that there are some differences on how he see the Netherlands and the Netherlands East Indies. This is happening because of Isaac?s closeness toward the subject that he painted. However, the impressionism style still visible in both of his paintings."

"In the spring of 1851, Austrian traveller and writer Ida Laura Pfeiffer (1797-1858) embarked on her second trip around the world. Her overseas travels also took her to the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia): to Borneo (now Kalimantan), Java, Sumatra, and Celenbes (now Sulawesi). She described her experiences in her book Mijne tweede reis rondom de wereld (1856b), the Dutch translation of her German book Meine zweite Weltreise (1856a, ‘My second world tour’). In the last decades, much has been written about the perspective of female travel authors. On the one hand, nineteenth-century Western women travellers were curtailed because of their womanhood, yet they also played a role in the colonial system. While this might have been “different” compared to that of men, they judged the non-white “Other” in equal measure. This article focuses on how Pfeiffer positions herself in her travel texts. Although she adopts elements of the masculine hero narrative, her book also harbours aspects characteristic of her feminine view."

"Although previous research shows that the introduction of bicycles drove recreational travel in Western Europe, North America, and Australia, to this day, little is known about tourist cycling in other parts of the world. Nevertheless, a broader geographical context is desirable: the study of the early days of tourist cycling in former European colonies in Southeast Asia can enhance our understanding of the strong political dimensions of tourist travel in a colonial context, as it is interconnected with the project of imperialism, technological change, and modernity. This article examines the early days of tourist cycling in the former Netherlands East Indies from 1884 to 1900. The central questions are: What were the communicated experiences of cycling tourists in the Netherlands East Indies in the late nineteenth century? And what were the ideological foundations underlying their experiences? The research corpus consists of the issues of De Kampioen – the magazine of the Dutch bicycle association ANWB – from this period. It indicates that tourist cycling emerged in various forms in the Netherlands East Indies at the end of the nineteenth century. Whereas most of the Dutch cyclists’ texts that have been examined, strongly emphasize an aesthetic experience, the Australians Burston and Stokes, as the epitome of imperial self-assurance, describe their journey in their travel text more emphatically as dangerous and thereby as a form of adventure tourism. Although the ANWB had some Asian and female members before 1900, episodes of De Kampioen from the nineteenth century extol the physical achievements of Western men. In doing so, these androcentric accounts also underscore the European patriarchal system and the racial hierarchy that supported Dutch colonialism in Southeast Asia."