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"[Inversi seismik deterministik telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan data PSTM di Lapangan Coki, Cekungan Kutai. Konsentrasi dari studi ini adalah zona Utama dengan kedalaman kurang lebih 3 km yang merupakan zona dengan akumulasi gas terbanyak. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi ekstensidari batupasir di Zona Utama dengan menggunakan metode klasifikasi lithoseismic berdasarkan input dari hasil inversi seismik deterministik mengingat kontribusi seismik untuk pengembangan zona Utama sangat kecil sebelumnya dikarenakanresolusi yang terbatas. Studi kelayakan fisika batuan menunjukkan bahwa untuk Zona Utama, kandungan fluida gas dan air sudah tidak bisa dipisahkan lagi di crossplot P-Impedance vsPoisson’s Ratio.Sedangkan untuk pemisahan litologi batupasir dan batulempung secara umum masih bisa dipisahkan terutama untuk batupasir dengan kualitas bagus. Dengan menggunakan cube P-Impedance dan Poisson’s Ratio hasil seismik inversi sebagai input, klasifikasi lithoseismic dilakukan untuk memisahkanbatupasir dan batulempung. Hasil akhir dari proses ini adalah sand probability cube. Sand probability cube ini selanjutnya diinterpretasi dan digunakan untuk memprediksi ekstensi dari sand di zona Utama. Hasil interpretasi menemukan beberapa target baru di daerah dimana tidak ada kontrol dari sumur dan amplitudoseismic tidak menunjukkan karakteristik khusus. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi ini optimalisasi trayektori dan desain beberapa sumur dilakukan.

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Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs. A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube. Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir.;Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time

migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko

Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to

define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little

contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the

seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs.

A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed

that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are

discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic

classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate

sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube.

Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of

sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets

where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive

characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir.;Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time

migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko

Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to

define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little

contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the

seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs.

A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed

that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are

discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic

classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate

sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube.

Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of

sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets

where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive

characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir.;Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time

migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko

Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to

define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little

contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the

seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs.

A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed

that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are

discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic

classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate

sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube.

Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of

sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets

where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive

characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir., Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time

migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko

Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to

define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little

contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the

seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs.

A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed

that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are

discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic

classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate

sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube.

Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of

sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets

where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive

characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir.]"

"Penelitian ini melihat peristiwa tewasnya Salim Kancil dan konflik terkait pertambangan pasir illegal Golongan C yang terjadi di Desa Selok Awar ndash; Awar, Kecamatan Pasirian, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur sebagai dinamika organized crime. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan ciri organized crime oleh Abadinsky 2012, dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, studi dokumen dan literatur. Hasil studi ini, berdasarkan ciri organized crime oleh Abadinsky 2012, memenuhi unsur hierarchial, has no political goal dan exhibits a willingness to use illegal violence. Namun, meski tidak memenuhi seluruh ciri organized crime oleh Abadinsky 2012, konflik pertambangan pasir illegal Golongan C di Desa Selok Awar ndash; Awar yang menyebabkan tewasnya Salim Kancil dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk organized crime. Sehingga, diperlukan langkah ndash; langkah teknis dan strategis dari stakeholders pertambangan di Lumajang terkait pertambangan pasir illegal.

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Current study seeks to examine the the death of Salim Kancil as a result of conflicts related to Illegal Class C Sand Mining in the village Selok Awar Awar, Pasirian, Lumajang, East Java as the dynamics of organized crime. Current qualitative study, examine characteristics of organized crime as stated by Abadinsky 2012 while utilizing interviews, document and literature research in its data collecting. Result suggest that certain features organized crime by Abadinsky 2012, such as hierarchial, has no political goal dan exhibits a willingness to use illegal violence fulfilled. While other features of organized crime by Abadinsky 2012 not proven, however, conflicts caused by illegal Class C sand mining in the village Selok Awar Awar causing the death of Salim can be understood as a form of organized crime. Thus, certain technical and strategic measures must be taken by mining stakeholders in Lumajang, especially sand mining stakeholders."

"Penambangan pasir di perairan Pulau Tunda telah menimbulkan dampak negatif pada lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak penambangan pasir terhadap jasa ekosistem pesisir dan laut Pulau Tunda. Metode yang digunakan dalam riset ini meliputi: perhitungan jasa ekosistem yang didapat dari perhitungan indeks kesuburan perairan dengan modul ekologi pada MIKE 21, perubahan garis pantai dianalisis menggunakan modul LITLINE pada MIKE 21, dan system dynamics yang digunakan untuk menyusun model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jasa ekosistem di Pulau Tunda masih cukup baik, namun kadar TSS cukup tinggi (60 -80 mg/L). Pemodelan MIKE 21 menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Tunda tidak mengalami perubahan garis pantai. Model yang dibuat menghasilkan rekomendasi untuk pengelolaan penambangan pasir laut secara berkelanjutan. Kesimpulan riset ini adalah perlunya pengembangan pariwisata berbasis ekologi sebagai salah satu bentuk diversifikasi ekonomi.

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Sand mining in the waters of Tunda Island has caused negative impacts on the environment, society, and economy. The objective of this research is to analyze the impacts of sand mining on the coastal and marine ecosystem services of Pulau Tunda. The methods used in this research include calculating ecosystem services based on the water fertility index using the ecological module in MIKE 21,analyzing shoreline changes using the LITLINE module in MIKE 21, and utilizing system dynamics to develop a model. The research findings indicate that the ecosystem services in Tunda Island are still relatively good, although the TSS level is quite high (60-80 mg/L). The MIKE 21 modeling shows that Pulau Tunda has not experienced any significant shoreline changes. The developed model provides recommendations for sustainable management of marine sand mining. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the need for ecotourism development as a form of economic diversification."

"Pemanfaatan tanah pasir memerlukan rekayasa yang aman secara teknis maupun sosial-lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, metode rekayasa secara biologis telah banyak dilakukan dalam rekayasa perkerasan tanah pasir. Rekayasa pencampuran tanah pasir dengan enzim urease dilakukan pada penelitian ini untuk mempercepat proses pembentukan kalsium karbonat pada tanah pasir sehingga tanah pasir mengalami peningkatan parameter koefisien permeabilitas k . Uji permeabilitas dilakukan sesuai standar ASTM D 2434 untuk mendapatkan nilai koefisien permeabilitas k dari tanah pasir. Pada penelitian ini sampel tanah pasir yang telah diinjeksi menjadi batuan pasir terjadi, didapatkan hasil berupa penurunan nilai koefisien permeabilitas k yang menunjukkan ikatan partikel pasir semakin kuat. pada hasil analisis uji permeabilitas dengan metode constant head untuk tanah asli didapatkan nilai koefisien permeabilitas tanah asli, kT = 1,31x10-3 M/detik, dan nilai koefisien permeabilitas terkoreksi suhu untuk tanah asli, k20 = 1,04x10-3M/detik, sedangkan pasir yang tersementasi untuk waktu fermentasi selama 7 hari memiliki nilai koefisien permeabilitas terkoreksi suhu, k20 = 9,5x10-4M/detik, waktu fermentasi selama 14 hari memiliki nilai koefisien permeabilitas terkoreksi suhu, k20 = 8,3x10-4M/detik, dan waktu fermentasi selama 21 hari memiliki nilai koefisien permeabilitas terkoreksi suhu, k20 = 7,3x10-4M/detik.

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Utilization of sand soil requires a secure technical fabrication as well as social environment. Therefore, biologically fabrication method has been widely performed in the fabrication of ground roughness of sand. fabrication soil mixing sand with the enzyme urease is done on this research to accelerate the process of the formation of calcium carbonate in sand soil so that soil sand permeability coefficient increased parameters k . Permeability test carried out according to the standard ASTM D 2434 to get the value of the coefficient of permeability k from the sand soil . Study on the soil samples of sand that has been injected into sandstone occurs, the results obtained in the form of a decline in the value of the coefficient of permeability k which indicates bonding sand particles getting stronger. on the results of the analysis by the method of permeability constant head test for the land of original soil permeability coefficient obtained original soil, kT 1,31x10 3 M s, and the value of the coefficient of permeability of the corrected temperature for original sand, k20 1,04x10 3M s, While sandstone for fermentation for 7 days time has a value of coefficient of permeability of the corrected temperature, k20 9,5x10 4M s, fermentation for 14 days time has a value of coefficient of permeability of the corrected temperature, k20 8,3x10 4M s, and fermentation for 21 days time has a value of coefficient of permeability of the corrected temperature, , k20 7,3x10 4M s."

"ABSTRAKPenyelesaian pekerjaan pengurukan pasir di PT.X pada proyek green field mengalami keterlambatan 40 minggu atau 233% dari jadwal yang telah ditentukan. Keterlambatan pekerjaan ini sangat berpengaruh terhadap penyelesaian pekerjaan-pekerjaan lainnya, baik dari aspek pekerjaan konstruksi maupun jadwal kedatangan alat, yang secara tidak langsung juga meningkatkan biaya penyimpanan material akibat tertundanya jadwal pengiriman.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penerapan metode pekerjaan pengurukan pasir berbasis risiko untuk meningkatkan kinerja waktu pekerjaan tersebut.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey yang terdiri atas wawancara terstruktur dan kuisioner yang kemudian diolah secara statistik dengan SPPS 22 serta analisa risiko sesuai PMBOK 2013.Hasil analisa data menunjukkan terdapat enam (6) faktor risiko yang berkorelasi dan berpengaruh kuat terhadap kinerja waktu pengurukan pasir. Dengan demikian, mengelola faktor - faktor risiko tersebut akan meningkatkan kinerja waktu penyelesaian pekerjaan pengurukan pasir.

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ABSTRACT

The completion of sand filling work has delayed 40 weeks or 233% from baseline schedule at PT X. It has given significant impact to others completion activity which are construction and delivery of equipments where incresing storage fee indirectly due to delivery delay.

This study aims to evaluate implementation of sand filling work methodology based on risks factor to increase time performance of sand filling work.

The research methode of this study are interview, conducting quisionare survey, risk analyst refer to PMBOK 2013 and statistic analyst by using SPSS 22 software.

The result of this research are found that there are six (6) risks factor that has strong correlation and influence to time performance of sand filling work. Therefore, managing this risks factor can be increased time performace of completion sand filling work."

"Kebutuhan pasir baik di Indonesia dan dunia semakin besar. Dalam setahun Indonesia membutuhkan 200 Juta ton pasir. Kebutuhan pasir secara global mencapai 40 – 50 miliar ton per tahun. Dengan besarnya kebutuhan ini, maka diperlukan penelitian mengenai informasi awal estimasi volume geometri pasir untuk tambang pasir. Salah satu metode yang dapat diterapkan ialah metode GPR. Metode GPR memanfaatkan gelombang elektromagnetik untuk mengetahui kondisi di bawah permukaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada salah satu sungai terbesar di Kalimantan Utara dengan menggunakan alat berfrekuensi 90 MHz. Terdapat 7 lintasan pengukuran pada area penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengolah data mentah GPR menjadi sebuah penampang GPR 2D. Proses pengolahan pada data mentah GPR meliputi import data, dewow, background removal, gain, bandpass filter, dan time to depth. Range frekuensi yang digunakan dalam pengolahan data yaitu sebesar 22,5 MHz hingga 157,5 MHz. Hasil dari penampang GPR 2D diinterpretasi dan dianalisis untuk menentukan batas atas dan batas bawah lapisan dari endapan pasir pada area penelitian. Batas atas dan batas bawah lapisan pasir diinterpolasi dan dimodelkan hingga mendapatkan model konseptual penampang GPR, peta Isopach (ketebalan lapisan) area penelitian, dan estimasi volume geometri endapan pasir pada area penelitian. Hasil tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai informasi awal untuk tambang pasir pada area penelitian.

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The need for sand both in Indonesia and the world is getting bigger. In a year Indonesia needs 200 million tons of sand. Global demand for sand reaches 40- 50 billion tons per year. Because of this demand, it is necessary to research on initial information on the estimated volume of sand geometry for sand mining. One of the method that can be applied is the GPR method. The GPR method utilizes electromagnetic waves to determine the conditions below the surface. This research was conducted in one of the largest rivers in North Kalimantan using a 90 MHz frequency instrument. There are 7 measurement trajectories in the research area. The research was conducted by processing the raw GPR data into a 2D GPR cross- section. The processing of raw GPR data includes import data, dewow, background removal, gain, bandpass filter, dan time to depth. The frequency range used in data processing is 22.5 MHz to 157.5 MHz. The results of the 2D GPR cross-section are interpreted and analyzed to determine the upper and lower boundary of the layer from the sand surface in the study area. The upper and lower boundary of the sand layer are interpolated and modeled to obtain a conceptual model of the GPR cross- section, an Isopach map (layer thickness) of the study area, and an estimate of the geometric volume of sand deposits in the study area. These results can be used as initial information for sand mining in the research area."