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"Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana awal mula pemukiman di Situs Kutai Lama, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Penelusuran Ppemukiman tersebut dilihat dari tinggalan arkeologis yang diperoleh dari hasil penggalian yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional pada tahun 2007 dan 2009. Setiap situs pemukiman yang ada pada Situs Kutai Lama kemudian dilihat karakteristik temuan dan karakteristik keletakannya. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah merekonstruksi kebudayaan masa lalu pada Situs Kutai Lama. Penelitian ini membahas pemukiman tingkat makro dan dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sisa-sisa pemukiman yang ada menunjukan perbedaan sosial dan menunjukan situs mana yang ramai didatangi oleh para pedagang dan kemudian tinggal untuk bermukim.

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This article discuss about the beginning of the settlement in the Kutai Lama Site in which the settlement can be seen and observed by the artifacts, obtained from an excavation by the team of National Archaeological Research Center in 2007 and continued in 2009. Each settlement is characterized by its artifacts and locations.

The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the ancient culture in Kutai Lama Site. This settlement, in which from the excavation processes shows the difference of social or state of well-being in each site, is a macro settlement where it shows which part of it was often visited by merchants and then became a settlement."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pertambangan batubara di Kutai, Kalimantan Timur dan dampak yang ditimbulkan dalam aspek sosial dan ekonomi pada tahun 1860 - 1926. Ketika Pemerintah Hindia Belanda datang ke Kutai dan melakukan perjanjian-perjanjian dan konsesi dengan Kesultanan Kutai, maka pada saat itu Pemerintah Hindia Belanda berhak menguasai sebagian wilayah di Kutai. Dengan begitu, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda langsung menginstrusikan para ahli geologinya untuk melakukan pencarian tanah yang memiliki kandungan lapisan batubara, dan ketemulah lapisan batubara di Bukit Pelarang. Pertambangan batubara di Kutai dimulai ketika tahun 1860, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda langsung memulai melakukan eksploitasi batubara dan menghasilkan jumlah produksi batubara yang cukup memuaskan, namun, pada tahun 1872, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda menutup pertambangan tersebut dikarenakan jumlah hasil produksi yang terus menurun dan tentu merugikan. Pada tahun 1888, masuklah Perusahaan modal asing yang bernama Oost Borneo Maatschappij untuk meneruskan pertambangan batubara di Kutai.Hasil yang didapat pun cukup memuaskan dan puncak jumlah produksi terbanyak diraih pada tahun 1926 hal ini dikarenakan OBM melakukan penambahan pekerja kuli di pertambangan. Dengan adanya pertambangan batubara di Kutai, tentu akan menimbulkan dampak sosial dan ekonomi terhadap sekitar. Seperti peningkatan pertumbuhan penduduk, perubahan mata pencaharian masyarakat sekitar, dan pembuatan sarana prasarana dan fasilitas umum, serta dampak untuk Kesultanan Kutai yang mendapat royalti dari pertambangan batubara di Kutai.

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This undergraduate thesis discusses about coal mining in Kutai, East Kalimantan and the impact on social and economic aspects in 1860 - 1926. When the Dutch East Indies government came to Kutai, to negotiate agreements and concessions in Kutai, then at that time the Dutch is entitled to retain some regions in Kutai. By doing so, the Dutch immediately instruct geological experts to conduct a search of land to own the content coal seam, and it was found in Bukit Pelarang. Kutai coal mining began in 1860, the Dutch immediately started to exploit coal and produce a number of production was satisfactory. However, in 1872, the Dutch closed the mine because of the amount of production continues to decline and is certainly detrimental. In 1888, the Company entered the foreign capital called Oost Borneo Maatschappij to continue mining coal in Kutai.The result was quite satisfactory and the peak of the highest production amount achieved in 1926, this is due to the addition of OBM doing porters mining. With the mining of coal in Kutai, would have caused social and economic impact on the surrounding, such as increased population growth, changes in the livelihoods of surrounding communities, the manufacture of infrastructure and public facilities, and the impact of Kutai who received royalties from coal mining in Kutai."

"Mineral lempung merupakan filosilikat aluminium hidrat yang berdasarkan struktur kristalnya dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok utama, yaitu kaolinit, smektit, illit, dan klorit. Masing-masing kelompok mineral ini memiliki properti fisika & kimia tertentu yang berpotensi mempengaruhi kegiatan eksplorasi & eksploitasi minyak & gas bumi, seperti potensi penyempitan lubang bor, pelebaran lubang bor, dan lainnya. Untuk menghindari potensi-potensi tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan pada Lapangan X di Cekungan Kutai dengan memetakan distribusi dari mineral lempung. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah analisis petrofisika dan pemodelan 2D. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa mineral lempung yang ditemukan pada daerah penelitian adalah kaolinit, illit, klorit, & smektit. Dengan mineral kaolinit dan illit ditemukan mendominasi. Kaolinit mendominasi pada kedalaman relatif dangkal (741.5-4032 feet kedalaman vertikal sesungguhnya), sementara illit mendominasi pada kedalaman relatif lebih dalam (4032-6626.3 feet kedalaman vertikal sesungguhnya). Selain itu, ditemukan juga terjadi pengurangan volume kaolinit dan penambahan volume illit seiring bertambahnya kedalaman. Diinterpretasi bahwa keberadaan mineral lempung ini dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan mineral induk, temperatur, air pori, & lingkungan pengendapan. Dan, distribusinya dipengaruhi oleh batas sekuen & sesar-sesar.

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Clay minerals are hydrous alumina phyllosilicates which based on their crystal structure divided into 4 major groups, that is kaolinite, smectite, illite, and chlorite. Each of these mineral groups has certain physical & chemical properties that have the potential to affect oil & gas exploration & exploitation activities, such as the potential of hole closure, hole enlargement, etc. To avoid this potentials, this research was conducted at Field X in the Kutai Basin by mapping the distribution of clay minerals. The methods used to achieve these goals are petrophysical analysis and 2D modeling. From this research it is known that the clay minerals found in the study area are kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and smectite. With the minerals kaolinite and illite found to dominate. Kaolinite dominates at relatively shallow depths (741.5-4032 feet true vertical depth), while illite dominates at relatively deeper depths (4032-6626.3 feet true vertical depth). In addition, it was also found that there was a decrease in the volume of kaolinite and an increase in the volume of illite with increasing depth. It is interpreted that the presence of this clay mineral is influenced by the availability of parent minerals, temperature, pore water, and the depositional environment. And, the distribution of these minerals is influenced by sequence boundary and faults."

"[Lapangan ARA yang terletak di lepas pantai Delta Mahakam modern merupakan lapangan penghasil gas yang berproduksi sejak 2008 hingga sekarang. Sesar Utama yang merupakan sesar normal berorientasi NNE-SSW dengan kemiringan relatif ke arah Timur memisahkan Lapangan ARA menjadi dua panel: Panel Barat dan Panel Tengah. Studi konklusif mengenai sifat sekatan sesar utama inidiperlukan dalam optimisasi pemodelan geologi dan kelanjutan pengembangan lapangan. Studi internal telah menggunakan interpretasi horizon dan sesar dari seismik 3D beserta data log sumur sebagai dasar utama pembuatan model struktur, fasies, dan petrofisik Lapangan ARA. Prediksi SGR (shale gouge ratio), permeabilitas batuan zona sesar (Kf), dan fault-rock capillary pressure (FRPc) adalah parameter-parameter utama yang digunakan dalam analisis sifat sekatan sesar. Parameter-parameter tersebut di kalibrasi menggunakan analisis reservoir statik dan dinamik berdasarkan data pengukuran tekanan reservoir. Analisis sekatan Sesar Utama Lapangan ARA menghasilkan batas nilai parameter sekatan untuk zona sesar bersifat tersekat, yaitu SGR > 0.39, Kf < 0.025 mD, dan FRPc > 3.3 bar / 47.8 psi. Variasi kapasitas sekatan sesar dikontrol lebih dominan oleh faktor penyebaran reservoir juxtaposition dibandingkan faktor penyebaranatribut fault throw. Peningkatan perbedaan tekanan reservoir saling kontak antar panel hingga melebihi kapasitas sekatan sesar akibat produksi intensif, menjadi penyebab kebocoran sesar;ARA Field, which is located in offshore area of modern Mahakam Delta, is producing gas since 2008. Main normal fault in the middle of the field separatesthe field into two panels: West panel and Central Panel. Conclusive study about the sealing behavior of this main fault is needed in order to optimize geology model and future field development. Internal study has used 3D seismic faults and horizons interpretation with its welllogs as main input to made structural, facies, and petrophysic model of ARA Field. Shale gouge ratio prediction, fault-rock permeability (Kf), and fault-rock capillary pressure (FRPc) are main analyzed parameters used in this research. Those parameters are then validated with static and dynamic reservoir analysis based on available reservoir pressure data. ARA Field Main Fault seal analysis results cutoff value for each analyzed parameters: SGR > 0.39, Kf < 0.025 mD, and FRPc > 3.3 bar / 47.8 psi. Fault sealing capacity distribution is controlled more dominantly by the reservoir juxtaposition distribution than fault throw attribute. Increase of across fault differential pressure in juxtaposed reservoirs that exceeds the maximum fault seal threshold capability is interpreted as the main cause of fault leak., ARA Field, which is located in offshore area of modern Mahakam Delta, isproducing gas since 2008. Main normal fault in the middle of the field separatesthe field into two panels: West panel and Central Panel. Conclusive study aboutthe sealing behavior of this main fault is needed in order to optimize geologymodel and future field development.Internal study has used 3D seismic faults and horizons interpretation with its welllogs as main input to made structural, facies, and petrophysic model of ARAField. Shale gouge ratio prediction, fault-rock permeability (Kf), and fault-rockcapillary pressure (FRPc) are main analyzed parameters used in this research.Those parameters are then validated with static and dynamic reservoir analysisbased on available reservoir pressure data.ARA Field Main Fault seal analysis results cutoff value for each analyzedparameters: SGR > 0.39, Kf < 0.025 mD, and FRPc > 3.3 bar / 47.8 psi. Faultsealing capacity distribution is controlled more dominantly by the reservoirjuxtaposition distribution than fault throw attribute. Increase of across faultdifferential pressure in juxtaposed reservoirs that exceeds the maximum fault sealthreshold capability is interpreted as the main cause of fault leak.]"

"Analisis atribut seismik diaplikasikan untuk mengidentifikasi area prospek reservoar hidrokarbon yang sebelumnya tidak teridentifikasi dengan baik melalui pengolahan data seismik konvensional. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan perhitungan atribut amplitudo dan atribut frekuensi yang merupakan parameter dasar untuk karakteristik reservoar hidrokarbon. Area-area prospek tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai anomali amplitudo tinggi dab anomali frekuensi rendah yang merupakan respon keberadaan hidrokarbon. Atribut seismik dihubungkan dengan data log sumur untuk melihat sifat-sifat fisis seperti porositas batuan pada zona disekitar posisi sumur. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam analisis a tribut seismik dinyatakan dalam peta atribut amplitudo rms, peta atribut amplitudo positif maksimum, peta atribut amplitudo sesaat, dan peta sama pada area di bagian barat, timur, dan tenggara. Berdasarkan hubungan dari sumur A dan sumur B (sumur kering) dengan zona anomali amplitudo dan anomali frekuensi, makan penentuan sumur pengeboran baru diusulkan pada area di bagian barat (Zona I, II, III), Timur (Zona IV, VII), dan Tenggara (Zona V, VI) "

"Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara seluas 2326.310 hektar merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, memiliki Kawasan Budidaya Kehutanan lKBK seluas 1.619.238 hektar atau sekitar 59,39 % dari luas kabupaten. Sedangkan Kawasan Budidaya Non Kehutanan (KBNK) di kabupaten tersebut seluas 1.107.072 hektar, yang di dalamnya termasuk hutan rakyat dengan luas 16.710,34 hektar atau sekitar 1,51 % dari luas KBNK.Guna mengembangkan hutan rakyat, Pemerintah Daerah dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara telah menetapkan kebijakan Peraturan Daerah (Perda) Nomor 31 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat/Hutan Milik. Pasal 4 Ayat (1) Perda tersebut menjelaskan bahwa pengelolaan hutan rakyat mencakup kegiatan penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan, pemanfaatan, pengolahan, pemasaran dan pengembangan dengan tata cara pelaksanaannya diatur melalui Keputusan Bupati.Permasalahan kebijakan pengelolaan hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara hingga saat ini adalah sebagai berikut : (1) Kebijakan pengelolaan hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara barn dijabarkan melalui Tata Cara Pemberian Ijin Pemungutan dan Pemanfaatan Kayu (IPPK) Rakyat yang tertuang dalam Keputusan Bupati Kutai Kartanegara Nomor : 180.188IHK-11012002; (2) Kebijakan pengelolaan hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara pada aspek kegiatan penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan, pengolahan, pemasaran dan pengembangannya dilakukan melalui bimbingan teknis kepada petani hutan rakyat namun implementasinya tidak dilakukan secara keseluruhan clad aspek-aspek kegiatan pengelolaan hutan rakyat tersebut di atas.Hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara hingga kini masih menghadapi beberapa masalah teknis, yaitu : (1) Pengelolaan hutan rakyat belum berkembang secara luas karena pengelolaannya masih bersifat parsial; (2) Pemanfaatan hutan rakyat terutama pengembangan tanaman kayu jenis Akasia dan Sengon, setelah masak tebang menghasilkan pendapatan yang sangat kecil karena harga jual yang diperoleh petani tidak sesuai dengan biaya pemeliharaanya, sehingga hampir tidak ada petani yang tertarik untuk melakukan penanaman kembali; (3) Pengelolaan hutan rakyat belum mewujudkan pengelolaan hutan secara lestari.

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Kutai Kartanegara Regency with 2,726,310 hectares is one of regencies in East Kalimantan Province, having Kawasan Budidaya Kehutanan KBK (Forest Preservation Area) as large 1,619,238 hectares or around 59.39% of this regency. And the Non-Forestry Conservation Area (KBNK) in this regency is 1,107,072 hectares which include private forest with 16.710,34 hectares or about 1,51 % of non-forestry conservation area.

In order to develop this private forest, The Regional Government and Local House of Representatif (DPRD) of Kutai Kartanegara Regency has stipulated policies on Regional Regulation (Perda) on Number 31 12000 pertaining to Management on Private Forest. Article 4 point (1) of this regulation explains that management of private forest is include planting, maintaining, harvesting, processing, usage, marketing and developing activities with code of conducts that has been regulated by Head of Regency's decree.

Matters pertaining to private forest management policies in the Regency of Kutai Kartanegara are, thus far, as follows: (1) Management policy is just about spelled ant trough the IPPK harvest and utilization license for private timber set out by decision of the regency No. 180.188IHK-11012002; (2) Private forest management policy at Kutai Kertanegara Regency on the aspects of planting, cultivation, harvesting, utilization, management, marketing and development are implemented by technical guidance to private forest fanner, but it didn't implemented as a whole in terms of such management.

The private forest at the Kutai Kartanegara region up to present day is still facing some technical problems, such as (1) Private forest Management has not yet deve-loped significantly due to to its partial management. (2) Private forest utilization ,especially the development of acacia, and sengon, after ready for logging, does not result in proper revenues to the forester due to its cheap selling price, which does not correspond to its plantation Cost, which almost no foresters interested to replant them. (3) A conserved private forest management is still far from realization.

Such problems indicated that there are gaps between the implementation and management policy, so that it causes private forest in the region is not yet developing as expected. To find ant why it is so happen and how the implantation on the management policy of private forest in Kutai Kertanegara should be made. And then a recommendation to develop the management should be proposed. The Evaluation will be based on Prince analysis approach, taking into account some criterion (Dunn,2000), such as : effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, participation, responsiveness, appropriateness.

Formulation of research is drawn up as follows: (I) How the management policy is implemented? (2) What is the result of implementation? (3) Are there any gap between the implementation and the management policy of private forest? (4) What any factors that shall afflict such gap?

The purpose of this research are: (1) To find out the policy and its implementation at research location; (2) To evaluate the implementation policy of private forest; (3) To inductivity the gap between implementation and management policy of private forest; (4) To identify any factors that cause gap in the implementation and management policy of private forest.

Research is carried out with qualitative-descriptive method. Selection of respondents is made with purposive sample. This technique applies considering limitations of time, energy and money and that one could not take larger and further sample (Arikunto, 2002).

Respondents for this Research include decision makers and social figures that are concerned with the private forest management such as: Bupati ("municipal ruler or regent"), Forestry Officials, Bappeda, DPRD Kutai Kartanegara Regency (Local House of Representatives), specialists or experts in forestry field, NGO-s, forest industrialists, and press whereas the respondent sampling is drawn from the private forest farmers under two-stage cluster sample technique.

The research conclusions are as follows: (1) Management policy for private forest No. 31/2000, until today is just spelled out by regent's decision No. 180.1881HK-110/2002 on the procedure of licensing in 1PPK. Implementation policy of forest management in Kutai Kertanegara regency give more priority to planting, cultivation and farm operations to develop private forest than other aspects; (2) Implementation result of forest management on the planting aspect in the frame work of preserving and developing private forest have a good assessment, but the processing of get bad rating. Whereas timber marketing and utilization by means IPPK realization, replanting post-felling of timber get bad rating; (3) There are a gap between the implementation and management policy of private forest in Kutai Kertanegara Regency, that is in the management, marketing, utilization by means of IPPK realization and replanting post-felling of the result is deficient; (4) Factors affecting the gap between implementation of management policy give more priority to planting, cultivation and development assistance of private forest; lack of technical guidance relating to management and marketing operations; lack of socialization relating to utilization by means of IPPK realization capital shortage for farm operations; lack regulation in log trade; extreme minimum in the result of log sale; and the orientation still rely on the utilization of natural forest in relation to private forest."

"Peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia mutlak diperlukan dalam proses pembangunan sektor pendidikan di era globalisasi. Tujuan pengkajian ini adalah; Untuk mengevaluasi penempatan tenaga pendidikan sesuai dengan kompetensi, Untuk menganalisis standar kualifikasi tenaga pendidikan, Untuk mengetahui standar kualitas pendidikan di Kab. Kutai Kartanegara. Metode Penelitian yang dilakukan secara survey, dengan populasi adalah kepala sekolah dan guru SD, SMP dan SMA, dengan tiga zona, yakni: zona I, II, dan III di Kutai Kartanegara. Hasil Penelitian; Standar Pendidikan yang dimiliki para guru cukup tinggi, dengan spesialisasi tertentu. Kekurangan tenaga pendidik bidang studi tertentu, mengakibatkan sebagian guru mengajar tidak sesuai keahliannnya. Untuk lebih meningkatkan kualitas guru disarankan untuk aktif mengikuti seminar, workshop, dan pelatihan. Strategi pembangunan pendidikan tidak hanya berdasarkan pada input oriented saja, tetapi juga harus lebih memperhatikan faktor proses pendidikan. Peranan pemerintah melalui Dinas Pendidikan diharapkan untuk melakukan analisis kebutuhan guru setiap tahun, perbaikan dan peningkatan sarana prasarana sekolah, sesuai kebutuhan masing-masing."