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"Both the act of investment and limited corporation have motivated foreign modern retailer not only to open its outlet every where in Indonesia but also have promoted the foreign retailer seizing domestic retailer aggressity...."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai dugaan kartel dan penetapan harga yang dilakukan oleh pengelola terminal di sejumlah pelabuhan di Indonesia dalam menetapkan Terminal Handling Charge (THC). KPPU menduga ada permainan tidak sehat di antara perusahaan-perusahaan pengelola THC sehingga biaya THC terlampau mahal. Biaya THC di Indonesia termasuk yang tertinggi di Asia setelah Hongkong. Bahkan jika dibanding dengan Singapura, Taiwan, dan Korea, yang upah buruh dan sewa lahannya lebih tinggi, THC di pelabuhan di Indonesia masih lebih tinggi. KPPU sudah membentuk tim khusus untuk menyelidiki ada atau tidak pelanggaran yang dilakukan perusahaan-perusahaan pengelola THC. KPPU menduga adanya persekongkolan di perusahaan yang mengelola THC. KPPU sendiri sudah mendapatkan indikasi awal adanya perjanjian antar perusahaan pengelola THC dalam menentukan tarif THC di sejumlah pelabuhan. Dugaan KPPU, perjanjian itulah yang menyebabkan biaya THC tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Penulis, sebenarnya yang melakukan penentuan tarif THC di Indonesia adalah perusahaan-perusahaan pelayaran asing yang memiliki anak perusahaan di Indonesia yang mana merupakan biaya surcharge atau biaya tambahan yang pengenaannya tanpa ada pembicaraan dengan pemilik barang terlebih dahulu. Tindakan semacam itu bisa dinamakan kartel konsorsium pelayaran internasional. Perjanjian penetapan harga tersebut dilarang oleh undang-undang karena akan menguntungkan pelaku usaha yang tidak mampu bersaing dalam menawarkan harga yang rendah, hal itulah yang dapat menyebabkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat antara pelaku usaha, selain itu juga merugikan konsemen, seperti yang diungkapkan oleh narasumber, bahwa harga bahan pokok mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan dikarenakan tarif THC naik.

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This thesis explore about the alleged of cartel and price fixing whom commited by terminal managers in a number of Indonesia ports in fixing Terminal Handling Charge (THC). KPPU suspect that there are not healthy plays between THC magnagement companies, so that will increase the charge of terminal. The cost of THC in Indonesia is the highest in Asia after Hongkong. Even if compared with Singapura, Taiwan, and Korea which the wage labour and land rent are, THC in Indonesia is still more expensive. KPPU has formed special team to investigate existing or not violations of the THC management. KPPU surmicing a conspiracy in the management of THC. KPPU got early indications that there is an agreement about price fixing. So that agreement which can make the high cost of THC.

Based on the riset, actually who performs price fixing of THC are foreign shipping companies which have subsidiary companies in Indonesia. They fix the cost oh THC without discussing with the terminal consumers. These actions is called "international cartel consortium". Price fixing agreement is banned because will be profitable the companies that are not capable to competing in offer the low price, and also can make unfair competition."

"This research is related to the Role of Forestry industry on Local Economical Structure Development at West Kalimantan.From existing problems, the following are formulated for research objective:(1) To describe and analyze economical structure of West Kalimantan for last three years (2000 - 2002). (2) To decide the role of forestry manufacturing industry on labor for last three years and to estimate it for 2004 ? 2008. (3) To analyze and estimate local dynamic condition at West Kalimantan for 2004 - 2008. Means of dynamic condition here is all living aspects which cover economic, politics, social, culture and defense aspectsUsed method is analysis-descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative data. Used data is secondary data, where there is hesitancy on secondary data or there is no secondary data which has been done with structured interview or questionnaire with involved officials.For research objective on point (1), observed varible is agriculture, manufacturing industrial and trade sectors. And in order to answer research objective on point (2), observed variable is large and medium-scale industries, labor force, amount of employed population with junior high school graduated. And to answer point (3), observed varibie is politics, economical, social, culture and security.The following is results of the research :1. Economical structure on West Kalimantan which reflected from GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is still supported by agriculture, manufacturing industry, trade sectors and hotel and restaurants, and contribute 26.03% for agriculture sector, 23.27% for manufacturing and trade sector, and then hotel and restaurant contribute 20.97%. Totally those three sectors contribute to 70.27% for Gross Domestic Product which is a reflection of economical structure at West Kalimantan.2. Total labor force in manufacturing sector on 2001 was around 43,153 which include timber manufacturing was around 34,957 or 79.52%, and food and beverage processing industry was around 3,729 or 6.64%, and rubber processing industry was around 2,215 or 5.13%. Totally those three industries can absorb around 40,901 or 94,7% of total labor force in large and middle-scale manufacturing industry.3. Local dynamic condition which is seen from political aspect showed two majority races (Malay and Dayaks) as the cornerstone of population at West Kalimantan which even has different religious, however, they have higher political awareness as citizen under NKRI (The integrated Nation of the Republic of Indonesia). And from interaction at social culture aspects showed that in West Kalimantan is similar to other Indonesian regions which can be said as a harmonious living (Malay, Dayaks, Chinese, and outsiders) as long as under a certain boundary, the outsiders can adjust their living pattern (they can get along together)."