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"Tesis ini membahas mengenai pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar terhadap pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian, khususnya pengenaan bea keluar terhadap PT Freeport Indonesia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis membahas mengenai fungsi pengenaan bea dalam kegiatan ekspor impor di Indonesia, bea keluar sebagai instrumen hilirisasi tambang mineral khususnya pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian berdasarkan kebijakan fiskal dan asas kepastian hukum, serta penulis menganalisa dampak pengenaan bea keluar terhadap progres pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian PT Freeport Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa fungsi bea masuk dan bea kaluar merupakan fungsi regulerend diantaranya pemerintah berusaha melindungi industri dalam negeri dan sumber daya alam dalam negeri. Bea keluar merupakan disinsentif fiskal yang saat ini dapat menjadi insentif bagi pengusaha yang membangun fasilitas pemurnian, serta ketentuan terkait bea keluar telah sesuai dengan asas kepastian hukum. Kebijakan bea keluar tidak berpengaruh besar terhadap pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian. Sebaiknya dalam mewujudkan hilirisasi mineral pemerintah memberikan lebih banyak dukungan baik dalam hal insentif perpajakan maupun penyediaan fasilitas serta menyiapkan industri hilir dengan diimbangi dengan terus tegas dalam melaksanakan kebijakan dan sanksi yang telah ditetapkan berdasarkan ketentuan perundang-undangan.

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This thesis discussed the effect of the export duty policy on the smelter establishment, specifically the imposition of export duties on PT Freeport Indonesia. Based on this, the author examined the purpose of imposing duties on exportation and importation in Indonesia, examined the export duty as an instrument of downstreaming the mineral industry based on fiscal policy and the principle of legal certainty, especially of the establishment of smelters, and analyzed the impact of imposing export duties on the development of PT Freeport Indonesia's smelter. This research used a normative juridical approach. The results of the study stated that the function of import duty and export duty is a regulatory function, as well as the government’s attempts in protecting domestic industries and natural resources. Export duty, which were originally a fiscal disincentive, can now become an incentive for entrepreneurs who build smelters, and the laws on export duty are ascertained to be in accordance with the principle of legal certainty. The export duty policy does not have a major impact on the establishment of PT Freeport Indonesia's smelters. In establishing the downstreaming of mineral industry, the government should give more support, by providing both tax incentives and supporting facilities, prepare the downstream industry, and at the same time firmly implement policies and sanctions that had been established under the provisions of law."

"Export Credit represent one of alternative financings used for procuring goods/service in around Dephan/TNI. Basically, export credit loan represent a loan prepared by exporter states to the concerned state export and also for fulfilling good needs for importer state. Said loan represents the credit granted to importer state for settling good procurement bought from the exporter company of the concerned credit provider state and therefore it cannot be used feely. The requirements of export credit during this time refer to the rules issued by states joined in OECD called OECD guidelines. In said rules it is mentioned that export credit loan is not purposed for military and agriculture needs. But factually export credit loan is still one of the important financings for goods/service procurement in around Dephan/TNI. In this thesis, it was conducted legal analysis on export credit agreement in line with the existence of standard requirements stipulated in OECD Guidelines and legal analysis of goods/service procurement export credit agreement in around Dephan/TNI."

"Penggunaan kebijakan non-tarif atau non-tariff measures (NTMs) sangat beragam, salah satunya adalah technical barriers to trade (TBT) yang penggunaannya semakin intensif di banyak komoditas atau produk yang diperdagangkan. Salah satu penerapan technical barriers to trade ada pada ekspor tekstil dan produk tekstil, yang notabene merupakan salah satu penyumbang ekspor terbesar di Indonesia. Penelitian ini ingin menganalisis pengaruh dari penerapan kebijakan technical barriers to trade secara keseluruhan terhadap kinerja ekspor tekstil dan produk tekstil Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan unit observasi komoditas tekstil dan produk tekstil ke 10 negara tujuan utama ekspor dengan kode Harmonized System (HS) 4 digit pada tahun 2018 dan pengaplikasian metode estimasi menggunakan Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML). Penghitungan intensitas penggunaan TBT akan melalui pendekatan inventoris, yaitu dengan pengukuran menggunakan Coverage Ratio dan Frequency Index, sehingga dapat terlihat dampak intensitas penggunaan TBT terhadap ekspor tekstil dan produk tekstil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, penggunaan TBT yang diterapkan negara partner terhadap ekspor tekstil dan produk tekstil Indonesia justru memiliki efek mendorong perdagangan. Sehingga diekspektasikan bahwa penerapan TBT terhadap komoditas tekstil dan produk tekstil memiliki efek peningkatan permintaan.

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The use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) is very diverse, one of which is technical barriers to trade (TBT) whose use is increasingly intensive in many commodities or products being traded. One of the implementations of technical barriers to trade is in the export of textiles and textile products, which incidentally is one of the biggest contributors to exports in Indonesia. This study wants to analyse the effect of the implementation of the overall technical barriers to trade policy on the export performance of Indonesian textiles and textile products. This study uses the observation unit for textile commodities and textile products to the 10 main export destination countries with the 4-digit Harmonized System (HS) code in 2018 and the application of the estimation method using the PoissonPseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML). The calculation of the intensity of use of TBT will be through an inventory approach, namely by measuring using the Coverage Ratio and Frequency Index, so that the impact of the intensity of use of TBT on exports of textiles and textile products can be seen. The results of the study show that overall, the use of TBT by partner countries for exports of Indonesian textiles and textile products has the effect of encouraging trade. So, it is expected that the application of TBT to textile commodities and textile products will have a demand-enhancing effect."

"Persaingan usaha di Indonesia, yang pada pokoknya diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 mengenai Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, secara garis besar dibuat untuk memberikan kejelasan hukum dan perlindungan yang sama rata kepada seluruh pelaku usaha dalam menjalankan usaha dengan membatasi terjadinya monopoli dan/atau persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Salah satu bentuk praktik usaha yang dilarang dalam UU tersebut adalah penyalahgunaan posisi dominan dan melakukan perjanjian tertutup, dimana perwujudan dari adanya perjanjian tertutup dapat berupa perjanjian mengikat (Tying Agreement). Dalam skripsi ini, penulis akan membahas mengenai dugaan pelanggaran UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 ketentuan pasal 15 ayat 2 mengenai tying agreement yang dilakukan oleh PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur Tbk (Terlapor) terkait dengan pelaksanaan penyaluran pupuk bersubsidi dan pemasaran pupuk non-subsidi. Dugaan tersebut didasari dengan ditemukannya Perjanjian Jual Beli Pupuk Bersubsidi yang memuat klausul tambahan dimana distributor diharuskan membeli produk lain (pupuk non-subsidi) dari pihak Terlapor. Pokok permasalahan dalam skripsi ini adalah untuk membahas apakah perjanjian yang dilakukan oleh PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur Tbk dapat dikatakan sebagai praktek tying agreement menurut hukum persaingan usaha, dan apa langkah yang kemudian dapat dilakukan oleh pihak Terlapor atas kasus tersebut. Hasil penulisan skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur Tbk terbukti memenuhi unsur pelanggaran tying agreement dan  melanggar UU No. 5 Tahun 1999.

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Business competition in Indonesia, regulated under Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, was created to give legal clarity and equal protection to all business actors in conducting business by limiting the establishment of monopolies and/or unfair business competition. One condition of an unfair business practice prohibited by the law is the abuse of the dominant position and entering into closed agreements, where the embodiment of closed agreements can be in the form of tying agreements. In this thesis, the author will discuss the alleged violation of Law Number 5 Year 1999 provisions of article 15 paragraph 2 regarding the tying agreement by PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur Tbk (Reported Party) related to the distribution of subsidized fertilizers and the marketing of non-subsidized fertilizers. This alleged violation was based on the discovery of the Sale and Purchase Agreement of Subsidized Fertilizer, which contained an additional clause in which the distributor was required to purchase another product (non-subsidized fertilizer) from the Reported Party. The issues addressed in this thesis are whether or not the PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur Tbk agreement is classified as a tying agreement according to business competition law and what actions can be taken by the Reported Party according to this case. The results of writing this thesis show that PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur Tbk has fulfilled all of the tying agreement elements, thus violating Law no. 5 Year 1999."

"Capital market as the finance house that affeect the economic growth of one nation. The economic development can be seen from the amount of the transaction in the capital market. The more and more transaction in the capital market then the capital or money passing through are ampler. The consequences of the increasingly amount of capital in the capital market yield to summon excessively amount of non-good faith people to make use of the capital market to perpetrate crime in order to procure advantage. The crime that can be executed was money laundering."