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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai kondisi dan tantangan dalam penanaman modal asing di bidang usaha dan jasa pertambangan batubara, pasca diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara beserta peraturan pelaksana dari undang-undang tersebut yang terkait. Kegiatan usaha dan jasa pertambangan di Indonesia saat ini memasuki babak baru dimana terdapat ketentuan-ketentuan terbaru terhadap kegiatan usaha maupun kegiatan jasa di pertambangan mineral dan batubara di Indonesia, seperti kewajiban divestasi bagi saham asing dan kewajiban mengusahakan wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan/Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus (IUP/IUPK) atau apabila tidak mampu mengusahakannya, wajib menggunakan pelaku jasa pertambangan lokal dan/atau nasional.

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This thesis is focusing about the conditions and challenges on foreign investment in the field of business and services of coal mining in Indonesia after the enactment of Law Number 4 Year 2009 Concerning Mineral and Coal Mining and its implementing regulations that related. The mining business and mining services in Indonesia is currently entering a new phase where there are new provisions into the activities, either of mineral and coal mining business and mineral and coal mining services in Indonesia, such as the divestment obligation of the foreign share holders and the obligation to operate the mining region which has been obtained Mining Business Permit / Special Mining Business Permit (IUP/IUPK), or if not able to afford it, are obliged to use local and/or national mining contractors services and / or national."

"Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2010 tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara mengatur mengenai kewajiban divestasi saham pemegang izin usaha pertambangan asing, namun pada kenyataannya peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut masih memiliki ketidaklengkapan dan ketidakjelasan pengaturan, diantaranya mengenai mekanisme dan tata cara divestasi saham; prosedur penawaran; pilihan tata cara, kriteria penilaian, dan penetapan harga saham. Selain itu masih terdapat masalah, antara lain potensi sengketa dan renegosiasi KK/PKP2B sebagai akibat pengenaan kewajiban divestasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis secara kritis dan preskriptif mengenai: (1) peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta analisis mengenai pembentukan dan penerapan peraturan perundang-undangan divestasi di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara; (2) tujuan pelaksanaan kewajiban divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta hambatan yang timbul dalam pencapaian tujuan divestasi saham; (3) persoalan hukum yang terjadi dan yang mungkin akan terjadi dalam pelaksanaan kewajiban divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta penyelesaian persoalannya dalam rangka pelaksanaan penanaman modal asing. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian yuridis-normatif. Pendekatan dalam penelitian hukum ini bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaturan divestasi saham telah dimulai sejak Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 1967 sampai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 serta peraturan pelaksanaannya. Pengaturan yang telah ada dan masih berlaku tersebut, belum dapat diterapkan secara implementatif karena proses dan hasil pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Selanjutnya penelitian juga menunjukan hasil bahwa divestasi saham berperan antara lain dalam rangka memastikan kepatuhan perusahaan dalam pembayaran pajak, royalti, dan kewajiban tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan; serta membangun tata kelola dan pengawasan yang lebih baik. Sedangkan hambatan pelaksanaan divestasi saham antara lain hambatan modal, realisasi divestasi pemegang saham asing rendah, dan kemauan politik Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa masih banyak persoalan divestasi saham yang ada, diantaranya mengenai potensi sengketa divestasi dan pilihan mekanisme divestasi. Penyelesaian persoalan divestasi saham tersebut dapat dilakukan antara lain melalui pembentukan dan penguatan sovereign wealth funds sebagai unit pengelola divestasi saham; pembentukan holding BUMN di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara; pembentukan perusahaan konsorsium; serta renegosiasi KK dan PKP2B.

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Act Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining and Government Regulation Number 24 of 2012 on Revision of Government Regulation Number 23 of 2010 on Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activity regulate share divestment of foreign mining business permit holder, however, in reality the said legislative regulations are still incomplete and vague in regulatory aspect, among others, on mechanism and procedure of share divestment; procedure of offer; choice of procedure, criteria of selection, and stipulation of share price. Moreover, there remains problems, among others are potential of dispute and KK and PKP2B renegotiation as a result of imposition of divestment obligation.

Based on the above, this research is to analyze critically and prescriptively on: (1) legislative regulations which regulate share divestment in mineral and coal mining area and analysis on making and application of legislative regulations in mineral and coal mining area; (2) goal of share divestment obligation in mineral and coal mining area and obstacle that might occur in reaching the goal of share divestment; (3) legal problem that happens and that might happen in implementation of share divestment obligation in mineral and coal mining area, together with settlement of the problem in the frame of foreign investment implementation. The research method being used is normative-juridical method, and the approach in this legal research is qualitative in nature.

The result of research shows that arrangement of share divestment has begun since Act Number 11 of 1967 until Act Number 4 of 2009 and their implementing regulations. The regulations that have existed and are still valid, cannot be applied because the process and result of making such legislative regulations have some weaknesses. In addition the research also shows the result that share divestment has important role among others, to make certain compliance of the company in payment of tax, royalty, and corporate social responsibility; and develop better governance and supervision. While the obstacles of share divestment, among others are capital, low realization of foreign shareholders divestment, and political will of Government and local government. Furthermore, the result of this research also shows there are still many problems of existing share divestment, among others are potential of divestment dispute and choice of divestment mechanism. Settlement for share divestment problem can be conducted, among others, through creation and reinforcement of sovereign wealth funds as share divestment management unit; creation of SOE holding in mineral and coal mining area; creation of consortium company; and renegotiation of KK and PKP2B."

"Sepanjang periode 1967 ? 1988, Indonesia telah menghasilkan tujuh generasi Kontrak Kerja dalam investasi modal asing untuk bidang pertambangan umum non batubara, diikuti oleh tiga generasi Kontrak Batubara. Analisis terhadap rincian Kontrak Kerja tersebut memperlihatkan perubahan persyaratan kontrak dari waktu ke waktu. Pada fase pertama, Kontrak Kerja menawarkan fasilitas bebas pajak (tax holiday). Hal ini tidak berlaku lagi pada Kontrak Kerja selanjutnya, sebagaimana dikeluhkan perusahaan-perusahaan tambang. Riset ini merekomendasikan pentingnya regulasi untuk mengelola pendapatan Indonesia yang bisa diperoleh dari keuntungan tambahan (windfall profit) akibat kenaikan harga minyak"

"The aim of this paper is to describe the spread of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and domestic investment according to its location, sector; and labour absorption. Analysis is based on secondary data published by Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM). There are three main findings in this study: First, this study found that in the period 2002-2008, the largest past of FDI and domestic investment concentrated Java and Sumatra Island. Meanwhile, the provinces in the east of Indonesia received a small part of either FDI or domestic investment. This uneven investment concentration occurred because in the eye of investors, Java and Sumatra is more attractive than other Island in Indonesia in term of better infrastructure, wider potential market and higher quality of human resources. Second, the majority of foreign and domestic investor selected secondary sector (manufacturing) for their investment. Interestingly, there was a trend that those investments shifted from secondary sector to tertiary sector. Third, labour absorption both FDI and domestic investment, particularly invested in the secondary sector tend to increase. However, there is a tendency that investment in secondary and tertiary sectors moved to less labour intensive industries."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai ketentuan kewajiban divestasi saham bagi perusahaan asing di bidang pertambangan mineral menurut UU No. 4 Tahun 2009 dan peraturan pelaksananya serta sinkronisasinya dengan hasil renegosiasi kontrak karya PT. Freeport Indonesia. Setelah melewati proses renegosiasi, pada akhirnya tercapai kesepakatan antara Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dan PT. Freeport Indonesia yang menentukan bahwa kewajiban divestasi saham PT. Freeport Indonesia adalah sebesar 30%. Dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil renegosiasi kontrak karya PT. Freeport tidak sinkron dengan peraturan yang berlaku pada saat itu yaitu PP No. 24 Tahun 2012, yang mengatur perusahaan asing di bidang pertambangan mineral untuk mendivestasikan sahamnya paling sedikit sebesar 51%. Setelah PP No. 24 Tahun 2012 diubah dengan PP No. 77 Tahun 2014, maka ketentuan kewajiban divestasi saham hasil renegosiasi kontrak karya PT. Freeport Indonesia dengan peraturan perundang-undangan telah sinkron.

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This thesis examines the provisions regarding share divestment obligation for foreign mineral mining company according to Law No. 4 of 2009 and its implementing regulations, and the synchronisation with the result of contract of work renegotiation of PT. Freeport Indonesia. After going through the process of renegotiation, the Government of Republic of Indonesia and PT. Freeport Indonesia eventually reached an understanding that PT. Freeport Indonesia is obliged to divest 30% of its share.

By using normative juridical research, this study shows that the result of contract of work renegotiation of PT. Freeport Indonesia is not in sync with the applicabe regulation i.e. Government Regulation No. 24 of 2012 which requires foreign mineral mining company to divest at least 51% of its share. After Government Regulation No. 24 of 2012 is amended by Governement Regulation No. 77 of 2014, the provisions regarding share divestment obligation between the result of contract of work renegotiation of PT. Freeport Indonesia and Law No. 4 of 2009 and its implementing regulations has synchronised."

"Kewajiban divestasi saham asing kepada peserta Indonesia telah dimuat dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Namun demikian, untuk sektor pertambangan mineral dan Batubara, pengaturan terkait kewajiban divestasi saham penanaman modal asing kepada peserta Indonesia dimuat secara lebih detail diantaranya melalui diterbitkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 96 Tahun 2021 yang masing-masing telah mengamandemen peraturan sebelumnya, terdapat perbedaan pengaturan kewajiban divestasi saham bagi pihak asing baik dari segi persentase saham yang wajib dialihkan maupun tenggat waktu implementasi kewajiban dimaksud. Penulisan ini menitikberatkan pada 2 (dua) pembahasan yakni: (1) mengkaji berbagai instrumen pengaturan nasional dan implementasi kewajiban divestasi saham asing di bidang pertambangan mineral dan Batubara dan (2) menganalisa implementasi dan permasalahan dalam Pelaksanaan Kewajiban Divestasi Saham Asing di Bidang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Permasalahan implementasi divestasi saham asing diantaranya terkait peraturan perundang-undangan nasional yang terus mengalami perubahan dalam tempo singkat sehingga mengakibatkan ketidakpastian investasi dalam 1 dekade terakhir, pertimbangan politis dalam penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai divestasi saham asing, serta perhitungan keekonomian untuk komoditas non mineral logam dan Batubara yang ditawarkan dalam kerangka divestasi saham asing. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah perlu memastikan adanya konsistensi regulasi dan kebijakan terkait kewajiban divestasi saham asing diantaranya dengan mempertahankan kebijakan penghitungan menggunakan metode discounted cash flow.

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The obligation for foreign share divestment to Indonesian participants has been stipulated in the legal regulations. However, for the mineral and coal mining sector, the regulations concerning the obligation of foreign investment share divestment to Indonesian participants are detailed further through the issuance of Law No. 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining and Government Regulation No. 96 of 2021, which have each amended previous regulations. There are differences in the regulations regarding the obligation of share divestment for foreign parties, both in terms of the percentage of shares that must be transferred and the deadlines for implementing these obligations. This writing focuses on two main discussions: (1) examining various national regulatory instruments and the implementation of the foreign share divestment obligation in the mineral and coal mining sector, and (2) analyzing the implementation and issues related to the Foreign Share Divestment Obligation in the mineral and coal mining sector. Issues related to the implementation of foreign share divestment include the frequent changes in national legislation, which have led to investment uncertainty over the past decade, political considerations in the formulation of legislation on foreign share divestment, and the economic calculations for non-metallic mineral commodities and coal offered under the foreign share divestment framework. Therefore, the government needs to ensure regulatory and policy consistency regarding the foreign share divestment obligation, including maintaining the calculation policy using the discounted cash flow method."