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"The transaction price of goods, or service fees, are affected by a variety of factors such as types and quality of the goods concerned, competition, consumer demand and general economic condition. In general transaction prices constitute base prices added by the firm's margin. In the business world at a particular time transaction prices do not account for margins, with some perhaps even being found lower than the cost of goods production. However, tax authorities pay attention to related party transactions as their prices may be subject to manipulation. These prices will be set at arm's length if we compare them with those for independent parties. As a further result, the taxable income reported in tax returns of the taxpayers in question are less than what it should be. The main issue and question in the author's research are how to determine that a transaction has been conducted at arm's length and what connection can be found between the corrections made through audit and income tax revenue. The pricing set for transactions between related parties are called as transfer pricing. A related party transaction is deemed to occur when there is a link between the common and controlling shareholders, management of the parties involved, including their horizontal and vertical family relationships. One way to determine if there is an arm's length price is to compare the transfer pricing on related parties and those on unrelated parties. Some of the common approaches applied-are the comparable uncontrol price method, resale price method, cost plus method and comparable profit method.

The author surveyed the results of inspections conducted by the State Revenue Optimization Team (SROT) into related firm transactions.

From the survey, the author has found:

1. In practice it is difficult to arrive at an accurate comparative figure as the period of the audit above has been limited and data and information concerning similar firms to taxpayers are lacking. A new approach which has been employed by tax authorities in several countries for the purpose of reducing the occurrences of problems associated with the determination of transaction prices is called as the Advanced Pricing Arrangement. This method has been set out in Article 18(3a) of Law number 17 of 2000.

2. The corrections through audit into or the potential income tax revenue by SROT from the transactions conducted between taxpayers and their related parties amount to Rp 932,952,280,602. However, only Rp 51,821,609,658, or 5.55% of this amount was accepted by taxpayers. Hence, these taxpayers did want to pay a total of Rp 881,130,670,944, or 94.45%. The taxpayers then request of objection or appeals on the assessments made by the Director General of Taxation. However, the Director General of Taxation rejected these request . In addition, the Tax Court rejected appeals which amounted to Rp 4,696,385,476.

The corrections above were conducted due to the fact that:

- There has been lack of audit guidelines concerning related party transactions.

- Taxpayers are unable to make clear explanations on how they arrived at transfer pricing. In addition, the factors which cause transfer pricing vary from those affecting market prices, or the transaction prices among unrelated parties.

The author recommends as follows:

- Taxpayers should make a pricing policy whereby transaction prices are described and broken down. In addition, they should explain the factors which cause their transfer pricing to differ from market prices, or the transaction prices among unrelated company.

- Tax authorities set a comparative figure or indicator, taken from taxpayers' data bases, as a reference for auditor for the purpose of assessing transaction fairness.

- Consideration should be made to re-evaluate the fines in the form of interest payments, and penalties which are regulated in Law number 16 of 2000. Different sanctions, in the form of, for example, higher percentage or without correspondence adjustments, should be charged on taxpayers who do provide information on their related party transactions.

- Issuance of the implementation guidelines for Article 18(3a) of Law number 17 of 2000 to both taxpayers and the Directorate General of Taxation regarding agreements about the determination of transaction prices."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana implementasi kebijakan audit kepatuhan kepada penyedia barang dan jasa oleh PPATK. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi audit kepatuhan sudah dilakukan sesuai dengan Peraturan Kepala PPATK Nomor PER-10/1.02.2/PPATK/09/12, mulai dari pra audit, pelaksanaan audit, sampai pasca audit. Namun, masih ditemui beberapa hambatan seperti keterbatasan sumber daya manusi, kurangnya data dan informasi yang dimiliki mengenai profil seluruh pihak pelapor, dan ketidaktepatan waktu dalam menyampaikan laporan hasil audit kepatuhan.

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This research aims to understand the implementation of the compliance audit in Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK)/ Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (INTRAC). The researcher used a qualitative approach by doing some in-depth interviews and litereature research. The result showed that the implementation of the compliance audit has been implemented well, starting from pra audit to pasca audit. However, there were some obstacles to implementing the compliance audit such as limited human resources, the lack of data of all the reporting party?s profiles, and the delay of submitting compliance audit report."

"Laporan Magang ini membahas mengenai rangkaian pelaporan audit internal pada PT. BBB dari tahap penilaian hasil audit hingga pembuatan Ringkasan Eksekutif berdasarkan standar dari IIA. Evaluasi dalam penelitian ini meliputi metode penilaian hasil audit, penilaian akhir setelah pihak yang diaudit mengimplementasi rekomendasi audit, serta analisis terhadap data pada CAR (Corrective Action Report) untuk pembuatan Ringkasan Eksekutif. Audit internal PT. BBB telah melaksanakan prosedur auditnya sesuai berdasarkan standar dari IIA.

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This Internship Report discuss about PT. BBB Internal Audit Report series from scoring for audit result to construction of Internal Audit Executive Summary based on IIA standard. The evaluation in this Report covers audit result scoring methods, final scoring after auditee implemented audit recommendation, and analysis of data on CAR

(Corrective Action Report) for constructing Executive Summary. Internal Audit in PT. BBB has carried out the audit procedure according to IIA standard."

"Merger konglomerat saat ini telah menjadi sorotan dari pemasaran dan kebijakan publik di Amerika Serikat karena efeknya yang dapat menimbulkan monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai perbandingan penerapan pengaturan mengenai merger konglomerat di Amerika Serikat dengan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data penelitian berdasarkan pada studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapatnya perbedaan antara penerapan pengaturan merger konglomerat antara Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Amerika Serikat dalam peraturannya telah mengatur mengenai akuisisi aset, sebagaimana ketentuan tersebut belum diatur di Indonesia. Di Amerika Serikat juga telah terdapat pengaturan yang mengatur mengenai merger konglomerat secara khusus dalam pedomannya dengan menggunakan penilaian merger yang mengeliminasi pesaing potensial. Dengan menggunakan penilaian tersebut, Amerika Serikat dapat memperkirakan potensi persaingan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang bahkan sebelum terjadi kerugian aktual terhadap hukum persaingan usaha. Ketentuan seperti ini belum terdapat ketentuannya dalam peraturan di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pembahasan yang lebih dalam mengenai pengaturan akuisisi aset dan juga penilaian merger yang mengeliminasi pesaing potensial dengan merujuk kepada peraturan yang telah diterapkan di Amerika Serikat.

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The conglomerate merger is already under the spotlight of marketing and public policy in the United States because of its effects that can lead to monopoly and unfair business competition. This paper discusses the comparative application of regulation on conglomerate merger in the United States with Indonesia. This research uses normative juridical research method using research data based on literature study. The result of this research is there is differences between applying the regulation of conglomerate merger between Indonesia and United States. The United States in its regulations has regulated the acquisition of assets, as such provisions have not been regulated in Indonesia. In the United States there has also been a regulation that regulated conglomerate mergers specifically in its guidelines by using merger analysis that eliminate potential competitors. By using such analysis, the United States may estimate the potential for future competition even before actual losses to competition law take place. Such provisions do not yet have provisions in Indonesian regulations. Therefore a deeper discussion of asset acquisition arrangements and mergers is required which eliminates potential competitors by referring to the regulations adopted in the United States. "