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"Limited case study of biorefinery implementation in paper industry has been done through the investigation of fibers component separation from hydropulper reject for papermaking. Pulper rejects was cleaned from metal contaminant, crushing, screening sequentially through the screen 6, 2, and 1size, and drying. Reject fibers (R) then mixed with Old Corrugated Container or OCC (O) in the ratio of R:O as 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100. The handsheets then made at the basis weight of 70, 125, and 150 g/m2 or GSM, followed by testing and evaluating. The results showed that the furnish of reject and OCC mixing is feasible for papermaking, and still have some opportunities to develope further mechanically, chemically, and or fiber reinforcement. Based on the evaluation of handsheets quality, itis recommended that improved 70 GSM paper suitable for wrapping paper, while improved 125 and 150 GSM papers supposed to be a lainer board and fluting medium."

"Oil palm biomass derived from oil palm processing plant has a very abundant availability or nearly equal to the yield of crude palm oil. This paper provides a review of the chemical and fibers characteristics from the empty fruit bunches of oil palm tree associated with the properties of pulp and papermaking. Potential use of fibers from oil palm tree, which is included in the group of nonwood, as raw material for pulp and paper is large enough for wood substitution. Opportunities to use oil palm tree fibers as raw material for pulp and paper in industrial scale is very prospective. "

"Industri pulp dan kertas menghasilkan limbah lumpur dengan volume mencapai 1,0 m3/ ton produk yang dapat diolah dengan metode digestasi anaerobik. Proses tersebut dapat menghasilkan biogas dan residu digestat yang memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan kembali sebagai bahan baku kompos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kualitas dan potensi pemanfaatan digestat sebagai bahan baku kompos. Percobaan ini menggunakan reaktor anaerobik 15 liter berisi lumpur kertas serta dengan penambahan kotoran sapi untuk meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi dan mengoptimalkan nilai rasio C/N. Digestat reaktor 1 dianalisis kualitasnya setelah hari ke-30, sedangkan digestat reaktor 2 dianalisis pada hari ke-45. Digestat utuh reaktor 2 memililiki kandungan nutrisi yang lebih tinggi dan paling mendekati persyaratan bahan baku kompos dan pupuk organik, kecuali kandungan fosfor dan kadar airnya, dengan nilai rasio C/N 27,26, fosfor (P) 0,0069%, kalium (K) 2,74%, Pb 0,97 mg/l, Zn 12,51 mg/l dan kadar air 91,14%. Digestat padatan dapat dikeringkan untuk mencapai persyaratan kadar air dan dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik serta bahan baku kompos dengan penambahan bahan organik berupa sekam padi, sedangkan digestat cairan tidak bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk cair karena nilai karbon yang rendah.

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Paper sludge is generated in large quantity, reaching up to 1 m3 of wastewater/ton paper produced and can be treated by anaerobic digestion method. This process produced biogas and residual digestate which has potential to be used as feedstock of composting. The aims of this study were to investigate the quality and potential of the digestate generated from anaerobic digestion process as a feedstock of composting. This experiment used 15 L anaerobic batch reactors contained only paper sludge and with the mixture of cow manure to reach high nutrient content and adjust the C/N ratio optimum. Residual digestate generated from reactor 1 was measured after 30 days, while digestate from reactor 2 was measured in day 45 of anaerobic digestion process. The whole digestate from reactor 2 contained higher nutrient and met the requirements for composting and fertilizer, except the phosphorus and moisture content, with the C/N ratio 27,26, phosphorus (P) 0,0069%, potassium (K) 2,74%, Pb 0,97 mg/l, Zn 12,51 mg/l and moisture content 91,14%. Solid digestate can be dried to meet the moisture content requirements and can be used as biofertilizer and feedstock of composting mixed with organic materials, such as rice hulls, while the liquid digestate can't be used as a fertilizer due to the low carbon content."

"Kebutuhan energi listrik dan ketergantungan sumber energi batubara, sedangkan proses pembakaran batubara tidak terbakar habis sehingga menghasilkan limbah berupa fly ash. Kegiatan pemanfaatan limbah fly ash di industri semen dapat berpotensi menimbulkan dampak lingkungan berupa pencemaran udara. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan konsep keberlanjutan pemanfaatan limbah fly ash sebagai alternatif bahan baku di industri semen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis potensi dampak lingkungan pada pemanfaatan limbah fly ash menjadi semen, menganalisis manfaat finansial bagi industri semen, dan menentukan alternatif keberlanjutan pemanfaatan limbah fly ash berdasarkan konsep produksi bersih. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan metode AHP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi partikulat pada kegiatan pemanfaatan limbah fly ash di tidak melebihi baku mutu namun berpotensi menimbulkan dampak lingkungan dengan sebaran periode 24 jam sebesar 219 µg/m3, sedangkan periode tahunan tertinggi sebesar 67,2 µg/m3. Pemanfaatan limbah fly ash dapat mengurangi penggunaan bahan baku gypsum dan trass hingga 3,2 %. Manfaat finansial yang diterima industri semen adalah efisiensi biaya material sebesar Rp6.052.872.369,02 pada tahun 2018 dan Rp32.730.142.087,09 pada tahun 2022. Konsep produksi bersih sebagai alternatif keberlanjutan pemanfaatan limbah fly ash di industri semen PT ABC adalah dengan menerapkan recycle partikulat yang ditangkap oleh DC dan EP.

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The demand for electrical energy and dependence on coal energy sources, while the coal combustion process does not burn out, resulting in waste in the form of fly ash. The utilization of fly ash waste in the cement industry can potentially cause environmental impacts in the form of air pollution. Therefore, the concept of sustainability of fly ash waste utilization as an alternative raw material in the cement industry is needed. The objectives of this study are to analyze the potential environmental impacts on the utilization of fly ash waste into cement, analyze the financial benefits for the cement industry, and determine alternative sustainability of fly ash waste utilization based on the concept of clean production. The research method used is quantitative method with AHP method. The results showed that particulate concentrations in fly ash waste utilization activities did not exceed quality standards but had the potential to cause environmental impacts with a 24-hour period distribution of 219 µg/m3, while the highest annual period was 67.2 µg/m3. Utilization of fly ash waste can reduce the use of gypsum and trass raw materials by up to 3.2%. The financial benefits received by the cement industry are material cost efficiency of Rp6,052,872,369.02 in 2018 and Rp32,730,142,087.09 in 2022. The concept of clean production as an alternative to the sustainability of fly ash waste utilization in the cement industry of PT ABC is to implement the recycle of particulates captured by DC and EP."