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"Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk memperoleh strain khamir penghasil mikosin yang dapat membunuh isolat-isolat khamir kontaminan santan dan produk nata de coco. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Departemen Biologi, FMIPA-UI, Depok dari Desember 2006 - Mei 2007.Khamir-khamir yang digunakan adalah 18 strain khamir UICC dan 11 isolat khamir kontaminan santan dan produk nata de coco. Penapisan aktivitas mikosin menggunakan metode gores pada Killer Medium Agar (KMA) dengan pH 4,4 dan mengandung metilen biru. Hasil penapisan menunjukkan bahwa 18 strain khamir positif menghasilkan mikosin terhadap 11 isolat khamir kontaminan santan dan produk nata de coco. Pengujian aktivitas mikosin secara semi kuantitatif menggunakan metode sumur dan jumlah sel khamir penghasil mikosin yang digunakan adalah 1,2x108 sel/ml sedangkan jumlah sel khamir kontaminan adalah 3x107 sel/ml.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 14 strain khamir positif menghasilkan mikosin terhadap tiga isolat khamir kontaminan dari santan. Dua belas strain memiliki aktivitas mikosin dengan spektrum luas sedangkan dua strain memiliki aktivitas mikosin dengan spektrum sempit. Candida rancensis C. Ramirez & A.E. Gonzales UICC Y-326 dan Rhodotorula sp. F.C. Harrison UICC Y-332 menghasilkan mikosin yang paling banyak membunuh isolat-isolat khamir kontaminan dari santan dibandingkan dengan 12 strain khamir mikosinogenik lainnya."

"Informasi tentang kemampuan mikosin dari 18 strain khamir asal Kebun Raya Cibodas terhadap 10 isolat khamir kontaminan pada yogurt belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Departemen Biologi, FMIPA UI, Depok, dari bulan Desember 2006--Mei 2007. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh khamir penghasil mikosin asal Kebun Raya Cibodas, yang dapat membunuh khamir kontaminan pada yogurt. Penapisan aktivitas mikosin menggunakan metode gores pada Killer Medium Agar dengan pH 4,4 dan mengandung metilen biru menunjukkan bahwa 17 strain khamir menghasilkan mikosin terhadap 9 isolat khamir kontaminan. Pengujian aktivitas mikosin menggunakan metode sumur menunjukkan bahwa 18 strain khamir penghasil mikosin dapat membunuh 10 isolat khamir kontaminan. Sebanyak 16 strain khamir asal Kebun Raya Cibodas dari kelompok Basidiomycetes memiliki aktivitas mikosin dengan spektrum luas karena dapat membunuh khamir kontaminan dari kelompok Ascomycetes. Sebanyak 2 strain khamir asal Kebun Raya Cibodas dari kelompok Ascomycetes memiliki aktivitas mikosin dengan spektrum sempit karena dapat membunuh khamir kontaminan dari kelompok Ascomycetes. Jumlah sel khamir penghasil mikosin yang digunakan sebanyak 1,38 x 108 sel/ml dan khamir kontaminan sebanyak 3,45 x 107 sel/ml. Khamir mikosinogenik Rhodotorula sp. F. C. Harrison UICC Y-318 dan Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-325 paling banyak membunuh khamir kontaminan pada yogurt (9 isolat)."

"ABSTRAKTen species of wild begonias, from java and sumatera were cultivated in cibodas botanic garden. The begonias, with an attractive leaves and flowers were potentianally for ornamental plant. morphological description, their distribution and other information were described in this paper."

"Microbial communities usually have mixed populations, only in uniqueenvironmental situations do microorganisms live entirely alone. Thus many types of interactions are possible among the members of an ecosystem?s community. In general, the constant association of different organisms in an ecosystem is referred to as symbiosis, with the associates being called symbionts. One type of a symbiosis is antagonism. Antagonism is a symbiotic relationship in whichone population of microorganisms has a harmful effect on the growth of another microbial population (Batzing 2002: 696). A number of microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, fungi) which effectivelycontrol postharvest pathogens have been identified as antagonists (Mari and Guizzardi 1998:60). A variety of microbial antagonists were reported to control several different pathogens on various fruits. The organism that suppresses the pest or pathogen is referred to as the biological control agent (BCA) (Pal & Mcspadden Gardener 2006: 1). Biological control may in simple terms be defined as the use of one living organism to control another (Druvefors 2004: 4).Often antagonists are isolated on the surface of plants; this natural presence makes them more likely to succeed because of their colonization ability and environmental adaptation (Mari and Guizzardi 1998:60). The use of yeasts as antagonists appears to be quite promising, although the mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Some antagonist yeasts have been reported as biocontrol agent of fungal pathogen on fruits. Zhao et al. (2008: 115--116) reported that tomato fruit treated with Pichia guillermondii had an infection rate of 25% which was caused by Rhizopus nigricans, which wassignificantly lower than the control (41.67%). Kalogiannis et al. (2006: 72) reported that Rhodotorula glutinis Y-44 significantly reduced disease incidence caused by Botrytis cinerea on tomato by 52%, compared to the untreated control. Zhang et al. (2004: 84) reported that the application of Cryptococcus laurentii resulted in low average decay incidence caused by B. cinerea in fruit by 7.1%, compared with 40% in the water-treated control fruit. University of Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC) collected epiphytic yeasts from plant samples of Cibodas Botanical Garden, and moulds from decayed tomatoes and infected plants. The ability of the epiphytic yeasts as biocontrol agents against tomato spoilage-causing moulds has not beenreported. This study consists of two parts. Part 1 is The Antagonistic Ability of Epiphytic Yeasts of Cibodas Botanical Garden on Tomato Plant Infected-Causing Moulds. Part 2 is The Potential of Candida sp. UICC Y-328 as a Biocontrol Agent of Aspergillus ochraceus on Postharvest Tomatoes.The purposes of this study were to investigate the ability of six species of epiphytic yeasts in inhibiting the growth of tomato plant infected-causing moulds, and the potential of Candida sp. UICC Y-328 as a biocontrol agent in reducing postharvest tomato spoilage caused by Asp. ochraceus. The media used for growing the yeasts was Yeast Malt Agar (YMA), and maintenance for fungi was Potato Dextose Agar (PDA). The media used for antagonistic test were PDA and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). Antagonistic test by strip method was carried out by using the concentrations of yeast cells at (0.7--4.45) x 108 CFU/ml, and Asp. ochraceus at (7.0--8.1) x 107 CFU/ml, Asp. terreus Thom at (7.7--8.6) x 107 CFU/ml andDrechslera sp. at (0.45--3.5) x 105 CFU/ml. The yeast cells were inoculated 4 hours earlier before inoculation of mould spores on PDA in Petri dishes. Results showed that Candida sp. UICC Y-328 has highest percentage of colony reduction of Asp. ochraceus (56.45%), followed by Metschnikowia reukaufii UICC Y-351 on reducing colonies of Asp. terreus and Drechslera sp. (25.42% and 51.28%, respectively) during 6-day incubation. Antagonistic test by co-culture method was carried out by using the concentrations of yeast cells at (0.7--4.45) x 108 CFU/ml, and Asp. ochraceus at (6.0--8.6) x 107 CFU/ml, Asp. terreus at (4.6--9.5) x 107 CFU/ml. The yeast cells were inoculated 8 hours earlier before inoculation of mould spores on PDB. Results showed that Candida sp. UICC Y-328 reduced the size of conidial heads(5.52%) and hyphae (8.29%) of Asp. ochraceus, at 3-day incubation.Cryptococcus laurentii UICC Y-379 reduced the size of conidial heads and hyphae of Asp. ochraceus (15.07% and 11.60% respectively) and Asp.terreus (12.35% and 24.47% respectively) at 3-day incubation. Antagonistic test by slide culture method showed that the yeast cells of four strains (Candida rancensis UICC Y-326, Cr. laurentii UICC Y-319, Cr. laurentii UICC Y-379,and M. reukaufii UICC Y-351) attached to hyphae of Drechslera sp. after 3- and 4-day incubation.Cells of Candida sp. UICC Y-328 attached to hyphae of Drechslera sp. after 4-day incubation. Cells of Cr. laurentii UICC Y-385 was not able to attach to hyphae of Drechslera sp. Candida sp. UICC Y-328 was potential in reducing the growth of Asp. ochraceus, and was investigated further for its potential as a biocontrol agent. Wounds on postharvest tomatoes were inoculated with 25 µl of yeast cellsuspension and 25 µl of mould spore suspension. The yeast cells wereinoculated 24 hours earlier before inoculation of mould spores on wounds of tomatoes. Biocontrol study showed that incidence of spoilage in postharvest tomatoes which were wounded and inoculated with Candida sp. UICC Y-328 and Asp. ochraceus, were reduced by 20% after 15-day incubation at room temperature. All postharvest tomatoes which were wounded and inoculated with Asp. ochraceus as control, were spoiled (100%). Synthetic fungicide Dithane M-45 at a concentration of 0.08% reduced spoilage incidence by 70%. Candida sp.UICC Y-328 was not effective as biofungicide in reducing spoilage incidence."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman jenis lumut sejati (Musci) di Kebun Raya Cibodas, Jawa Barat. Lokasi penelitian dibagi atas tiga habitat yang mewakili, yaitu kebun koleksi tumbuhan, sekitar air terjun Cibogo, dan hutan kebun raya. Selama penelitian dari bulan September 2004 hingga Maret 2005, berhasil dikoleksi 58 jenis lumut sejati yang terdiri dari 41 marga dan 19 suku. Dua puluh sembilan jenis diantaranya memiliki tipe pertumbuhan akrokarpus dan 29 lainnya memiliki tipe pertumbuhan pleurokarpus. Berdasarkan habitat, diperoleh 51 jenis lumut sejati di kebun koleksi, 12 jenis di hutan kebun raya, dan 5 jenis di sekitar air terjun Cibogo. Berdasarkan substratnya, diperoleh 21 jenis lumut sejati yang tumbuh pada batu, 15 jenis di tanah, 10 jenis di akar pohon, 36 jenis di batang pohon, 10 jenis di cabang pohon, dan 5 jenis di kayu mati. Berdasarkan Indeks Similaritas Jackard dan dendrogram, komunitas lumut sejati yang paling mirip terdapat pada habitat kebun koleksi dan hutan kebun raya (ISJ=0,145), serta pada substrat batu dan batang pohon (ISJ=0,305). Sedangkan komunitas lumut sejati yang paling berbeda terdapat pada habitat hutan kebun raya dan air terjun (ISJ=0) serta pada substrat tanah dan kayu mati (ISJ=0,053). Kunci identifikasi sederhana dibuat untuk mengenali jenis-jenis lumut sejati yang ada."