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"Untuk memperoleh koleksi kekayaan hayati Nostoc Indonesia dilakukan isolasi mikroflora tanah dari beberapa lahan persawahan di wilayah di Jawa, Bali, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Isolat-isolat yang tumbuh cepat diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler mengunakan sekuen parsial dari gen 16S rRNA. Walaupun hubungan kekerabatan antar isolat belum sepenuhnya dapat dijelaskan, pohon filogeni yang dihasilkan dari analisis sekuen mendukung identifikasi secara morfologi bahwa isolat-isolat yang diteliti berbeda jenis. Uji coba 6 strain Nostoc , dalam bentuk inokulum tunggal, sebagai sumber nitrogen untuk padi dilakukan. Sebanyak 2 g biomasa basah dari masing-masing strain Nostoc diinokulasi ke dalam pot-pot yang telah berisi 3 tanaman padi. Percobaan dilakukan di rumah kaca selama 115 hari. Secara statistik (ANOVA;α= 0.05) hanya strain GIA13a yang mempengaruhi panjang akar dan jumlah bulir padi bernas.

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In order to collect Indonesian Nostoc, isolation of soil microflora from several paddy fields in West Java, Bali, and South Celebes was carried out. Fast-growing isolates of Nostoc were selected to describe and perform molecular identification using partial sequences of 16S rRNA. The results showed that partial sequences of 16S rRNA could not resolve the phylogeny of the isolates. However, it supported the morphological studies that recognize isolates as different species of Nostoc. Potential use of Nostoc as a nitrogen source for paddy growth was carried out using six strains as single inoculums. A total biomass of 2 g (fresh weight) for each strain was inoculated, respectively, into the pot planted with three paddy plants. This experiment was conducted in the green house for 115 days. Statistical analyses (ANOVA;α= 0.05) showed that of six strains tested in this study, only strain GIA13a had influence on the augmentation of root length and the total number of filled grains."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode freezing (-4oC) terhadap kadar klorofil dan protein pada 13 strain Nostoc koleksi Laboratorium Taksonomi Tumbuhan, Departemen Biologi FMIPA UI. Protektan DMSO 5% digunakan sebagai medium preservasi pada perlakuan, dan pada kontrol digunakan medium cair BG 11 N-free. Pengaruh metode freezing diketahui dengan membandingkan kadar klorofil dan protein pada sebelum dan sesudah preservasi (hari ke-0, hari ke-1, dan hari ke-7).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar klorofil dan protein pada kelompok perlakuan lebih besar daripada kontrol. Tiga dari tiga belas strain (23,08 %) mengalami penurunan kadar klorofil sebesar 7,32% -- 47,02% setelah preservasi, sedangkan lima dari tiga belas strain (38,46%) mengalami penurunan kadar protein sebesar 7,69%--37,5% setelah freezing.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of freezing method (-4oC) on chlorophyll and protein content of 13 Nostoc strains Culture Collection of Plant Taxonomy Laboratory FMIPA UI. The protectan used DMSO 5%, and liquid BG 11 N-free medium was used as control. The effect of freezing was evaluated by comparing the content of chlorophyll and protein of Nostoc before and after preservation (day-0, day-1, and day-7).

The result showed that the control had lower chlorophyll and protein content than the treatment. The chlorophyll content of three strains (23,08%) decreased about 7,32% -- 47,02% after freezing treatment, while the protein content of five strains (38,46%) decreased about7,69% -- 37,5%."

"Penelitian tentang metode freezing (-4° C) dengan menggunakan freezer lemari pendingin untuk preservasi 13 strain Nostoc [Vaucher 1803] Bornet et Flahault 1886 telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan tumbuh dan respon tumbuh strain Nostoc setelah dipreservasi. Strain Nostoc yang diujikan berumur 15 hari dalam medium BG11 bebas unsur nitrogen (pH 7,2). Preservasi koloni Nostoc menggunakan DMSO 5% selama 1 dan 7 hari. Koloni Nostoc tanpa penambahan DMSO 5% digunakan sebagai kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan dan kontrol dilakukan dalam dua kali ulangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 11 dari 13 strain (84,62%) dapat bertahan dan berhasil tumbuh setelah preservasi. Sebelas strain Nostoc tersebut menunjukkan respon tumbuh yang berbeda-beda. Metode freezing (-4° C) menggunakan freezer lemari pendingin dapat digunakan sebagai metode preservasi strain Nostoc yang sederhana dan mudah.

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The use of freezing method (-4° C) by using freezer refrigerator for preservation thirteen Nostoc [Vaucher 1803] Bornet et Flahault 1886 strains had been studied. The purpose of this study was to assess strains ability to grow and grow response after being preserved. Nostoc strains cultured in BG11 N free agar (pH 7,2) for 15 days were used. The preservation used 5% DMSO for 1 and 7 days. Nostoc colonies without presence of 5% DMSO were used as a control. Each test was carried out in duplicate.

The results showed that 11 of 13 strains (84,62%) were able to survive and grow after treatment. 11 Nostoc strains showed different grow response. Freezing method (-4° C) by using freezer refrigerator can be used as a simple and inexpensive preservation method for Nostoc strains."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui laju fiksasi nitrogen strain-strain Nostoc [Vaucher 1803] Bornet et Flahault 1886. Penelitian menggunakan 8 strain Nostoc koleksi Laboratorium Taksonomi Tumbuhan, Departemen Biologi, FMIPA UI. Penelitian menggunakan metode Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) dengan 2 ulangan untuk setiap strain Nostoc. Pengujian dilakukan pada strain yang telah berumur 21 hari. Biomassa berat basah strain Nostoc yang digunakan adalah 0,1 gram. Masing-masing strain diinkubasi selama 30, 60, dan 90 menit dengan menambahkan 1 ml gas asetilen.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan data yang bervariasi untuk masing-masing strain Nostoc pada masing-masing waktu inkubasi. Sebanyak 6 strain Nostoc menunjukkan nilai laju fiksasi nitrogen tertinggi pada waktu inkubasi 30 menit. Sebanyak 2 strain Nostoc menunjukkan nilai laju fiksasi nitrogen tertinggi pada waktu inkubasi 60 menit. Strain Nostoc BTM6-02 menunjukkan nilai laju fiksasi nitrogen yang paling tinggi yaitu 3892,5 μmol (dicapai pada inkubasi 60 menit). Strain Nostoc CPG24 menunjukkan nilai laju fiksasi nitrogen yang paling rendah, yaitu 292,44 μmol (dicapai pada inkubasi 90 menit).

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The research of nitrogen fixation rate of Nostoc [Vaucher 1803] Bornet et Flahault 1886 have been done. Eight strains of Nostoc from Plant Taxonomy Culture Collection, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, were used. The measurement of nitrogen fixation used Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) method with 2 samples for each strain. Experiments were conducted using strains at 21st day age. Wet weight of each strain was 0.1 gram. Then, each Nostoc strain was incubated with addition of 1 ml acetylene for 30, 60, and 90 minutes.

The experiment result showed a different value for each Nostoc strain in every incubation times. Six Nostoc strains showed the highest value of nitrogen fixation after incubated for 30 minutes. Two Nostoc strains showed the highest value of nitrogen fixation after incubated for 60 minutes. Nitrogen fixation rate of BTM6-02 reached the highest value of 3892.5 μmol after incubated for 60 minutes. Nitrogen fixation rate of CPG24 was the lowest ones (292.44 μmol) after incubated for 90 minutes."

"ABSTRAKPreservasi koleksi kultur Nostoc dilakukan mengingat Nostoc merupakan salah satu mikroalga tanah yang penting dan berguna. Metode preservasi yang umum digunakan untuk Nostoc adalah dengan subkultur berkala dan freezing. Delapan strain Nostoc yang digunakan dalam preservasi dengan metode freezing pada suhu (-80oC) adalah CPG8, CPG24, BAD5, GIA13a, GIA12-03, TAB7d, BTM6-01 dan TAK23. Penambahan protektan intraseluler DMSO 5% dilakukan untuk mengurangi efek dari proses freezing (cold stress) pada Nostoc. Sebagai pembanding, delapan strain tersebut juga dipreservasi tanpa menggunakan protektan (kontrol negatif) dalam medium BG 11 bebas unsur nitrogen, kemudian dipreservasi dalam deep freezer (-80oC) selama 7 hari (H7) dan 90 hari (H90). Hasil menunjukkan terdapat variasi respon tumbuh strain-strain Nostoc setelah dipreservasi. Strain yang dipreservasi menggunakan protektan DMSO 5% menunjukkan selisih diameter koloni yang lebih besar, kerusakan filamen lebih sedikit dan kadar klorofil lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol negatif.

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ABSTRACTPreservation of culture collections Nostoc done considering that Nostoc is one of microalgae soil that important and useful. Preservation methods commonly used for Nostoc is with periodic subculture, but that methods have short comings vulnerable to loss of genetic stability. Beside that, freezing method is commonly used for Nostoc preservation. Eight Nostoc strains used in preservation by freezing method at temperature -80oC are CPG8, CPG24, BAD5, GIA13a, GIA12- 03, TAB7d, BTM6-01 and TAK23. The addition of the intracellular protectant DMSO 5 % was done to decrease the effects of freezing (cold stress) in Nostoc. For comparison, eight strains were also preserved without using protectant (negative control) in BG 11 nitrogen free medium, then preserved in a deep freezer (-80oC) for 7 days (H7) and 90 days (H90). Results showed variation in response to growing strains Nostoc after preservation. Strains were preserved using DMSO 5% protectant showed difference of colony diameter, filament has less damage and has higher clorophyl value compared with negative control."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat dan identitas aktinomisetes yang memiliki kemampuan selulolitik. Isolat-isolat aktinomisetes diperoleh dari lima sampel tanah di Sulawesi Selatan. Isolasi aktinomisetes dilakukan dengan metode Dry Heat (DH), Rehydration-Centrifugation (RC), dan Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Yeast Extract (SDS-YE) menggunakan medium Humic Acid-Vitamins Agar (HVA). Pengujian kemampuan aktinomisetes dalam mendegradasi selulosa dilakukan dengan penapisan menggunakan medium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC), dan pengukuran aktivitas enzim selulase dilakukan dengan metode Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS). Lima isolat dengan kemampuan selulolitik tinggi diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sekuen parsial gen 16S rRNA. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh sebanyak 41 isolat aktinomisetes, yang terdiri dari 21 isolat (metode DH), 11 isolat (metode RC), dan 9 isolat (metode SDS-YE). Sembilan belas dari 41 isolat menunjukkan kemampuan selulolitik. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan kelima isolat aktinomisetes berasal dari genus Streptomyces. Kemiripan sekuen masing-masing isolat terhadap spesies terdekatnya adalah 99%. Isolat DH-BRT06-1 memiliki kemiripan sekuen terhadap Streptomyces chartreusis, DH-BRT06-3 dan DH-BRT06-6 terhadap Streptomyces parvulus, RC-BR03-2 terhadap Streptomyces sp., dan SDSYE-BT01-1 terhadap Streptomyces mutabilis.

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The aims of this research were to obtain and identify actinomycetes with cellulolytic ability. Actinomycetes isolates were obtained from five soil samples of South Sulawesi by Dry Heat (DH), Rehydration-Centrifugation (RC), and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Yeast Extract (SDS-YE) methods with Humic Acid-Vitamins Agar (HVA) as medium isolation. Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) medium was used for screening the cellulose degrading ability, and cellulase activity was measured by Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method. A total of 41 isolates were obtained from soil samples, they were consisted of 21 isolates (DH method), 11 isolates (RC method), and 9 isolates (SDS-YE method). Nineteen of 41 isolates showed cellulolytic ability. Five isolates with high celluloytic activity were identified based on 16S rRNA gene partial sequence data. Identification result showed five isolates were belong to genus Streptomyces. Homology similarities sequence from each isolate to their closest species were 99%. Isolate DH-BRT06-1 showed sequence similarities to Streptomyces chartreusis, DH-BRT06-3 and DH-BRT06-6 to Streptomyces parvulus, RC-BR03-2 to Streptomyces sp., dan SDSYE-BT01-1 to Streptomyces mutabilis."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba actinomycetes termofil hasil isolasi dari geiser di Cisolok, Jawa Barat. Delapan belas isolat yang memiliki morfologi menyerupai actinomycetes berhasil diisolasi dari serasah daun dan ranting di sekitar pusat semburan geiser. Seluruh isolat diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya menggunakan paper disk method dan agar block method dengan Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis sebagai bakteri uji Gram positif, dan Escherichia coli sebagai bakteri uji Gram negatif. Pengujian menggunakan metode paper disk menunjukkan hasil negatif pada isolat actinomycetes yang dikultur pada medium International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 1 cair selama 14 hari pada suhu 50oC dan 40oC. Berdasarkan uji menggunakan metode blok agar, didapatkan bahwa dua isolat, yaitu LC2-2 dan LC2-6 memberikan hasil positif terhadap bakteri uji Gram positif. Isolat LC2-2 menunjukkan morfologi makroskopis dan mikroskopis menyerupai genus Bacillus sehingga tidak digunakan untuk identifikasi molekuler. Hasil identifikasi molekuler sequence parsial gen 16S rRNA menggunakan primer 785F dan primer 802R menunjukkan bahwa LC2-6 diidentifikasi sebagai Actinomadura keratinilyitica dengan nilai homologi 99%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, direkomendasikan untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut senyawa antimikroba yang dihasilkan isolat LC2-6. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh belum adanya laporan penelitian mengenai aktivitas antimikroba Actinomadura keratinilytica.

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The aim of this study was to screen the antimicrobial activity by actinomycetes isolated from Cisolok Geyser, West Java. Eighteen isolates which are have similar morphology with actinomycetes have been isolated from leaves and branches around the geyser. The isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity using paper disk method and agar block method with Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis as Gram positive test bacteria and Escherichia coli as Gram negative test bacteria. Screening by paper disk method showed negative result from all the isolates that cultured on International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 1 medium at 50oC and 40oC for 14 days. Screening by block agar method showed that two isolates, LC2-2 and LC2-6 gave positive result to Gram positive test bacteria. Morphologically, LC2-2 showed similarity to genus Bacillus, thus it’s not used for molecular identification. Molecular identification based on partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene with primer 785F and primer 802R showed that LC2-6 identified as Actinomadura keratinilytica (99%). Based on this research, it is suggested to do further study about the antimicrobial activity produced by LC2-6, because there is still no report about antimicrobial activity produced by Actinomadura keratinilytica."